Nangona wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kuyingozi kangakanani, amakhulu eminyaka abantu bayangeniswa kwizibhedlele unyaka ngamnye kunye nokuxilongwa kobutyhefu bamakhowe. Umnqweno wokuzuza kwiidya ezivela kwizinto eziqingqiweyo eziqokelelwa ngokwawo ziyisa intshukumo yokuzinyamekela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
Ziziphi ii-mushroom ezinokuba zityhefu?
Amakhowa athandwa ngabaninzi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lo thando lunemiphumo enobungozi kakhulu ngendlela yobutyhefu. Abantu abaphosakeleyo bacinga ukuba inetyhefu ingaba ngamakhowa anetyhefu kuphela. Kodwa enyanisweni, ingozi ingafumaneka kunye neziqhamo ezidliwayo. Inyaniso kukuba kwimilenze kunye neentsimbi zidala indawo efanelekileyo yokuphila kunye nokuveliswa kweebhaktheriya. Ukunyanga kwefuthe kubulala ii-pathogenic microorganms. Kodwa ngokupheka okungafanelekanga - ukuba i-pickles igcinwe ixesha elide, okanye ifakwe kwi-marinade engasenakulungelelisiweyo, umzekelo - ukutyhefuza ngeetyuwa ngamakhowa.
Ingaba inetyhefu ngamakhowe amhlophe ? Ewe, loo matyala ayenzeka, nangona ezi ziqhamo zibhekwa njengeyona nto inobungozi. Inyaniso kukuba ama-mushroom - enokudliwayo-athabatha amachiza afana nesiponji. Ngoko ke, banokungalingani ngokugcinwa okungafanelekanga. Ixhalabisayo zombini, kwaye omisiwe, kunye nama-mushroom adibeneyo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokupheka kungcono ukufunda yonke imigaqo-siseko yokuqwalasela nokugcinwa ngokucophelela ngokunokwenzeka.
Indlela yokwahlula amakhowe enetyhefu kwizinto ezidliwayo?
Indlela elula yokuzikhusela nokukhusela ukutyhefuza ngamakhowe kukukwazi ukuba yiziphi izityalo ezinobuthi kwaye ezingekho. Iphazamisa kakhulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukhumbule yonke into ayiyi kusebenza. Kodwa emva kweeseshoni zoqeqesho ezimbalwa, uza kukhangela u-"hle" kwaye "kubi."
Nantsi indlela yokwahlula amakhowa enetyhefu avela kwizinto ezidliwayo kunye nakwezinye izinto:
- Uninzi lweefungi ezidliwayo zi-tubular.
- Iintlobo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi zinemibala engenamnandi ebomvu. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela xa ubona i-caps pink. Ezi ziindawo ezinama-mushroom amanga. Ukujonga, ukuwaphula. Ukuba le fungus ibuxoki, i-scrap iya kuba ibomvu. Musa ukuthembela kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iihappy ezibonakalayo zibonakaliso ze-alamu.
- Awukwazi ukuthembela kwivumba, kodwa abaqoki be-mushroom abanamava bathi ixhoba elinobuthi liyaphunga kakubi, okanye akukho nanye.
- Ufuna ukukhusela utyhefu ngamakhowe amhlophe-uwafake konke ebhodweni lamanzi uze uphonsa i-bulb kuyo. Ukuba lo mva uphendulela okwesibhakabhaka, iindaba ezimbi: ukuvuna kuya kuphelelwa ngaphandle.
- Abaqoki be-mushroom abangenalwazi abanqabileyo banqumla isiqhamo esibi. Kodwa eqinisweni, inambuzane kunye nezilwanyana phantse zihlale zihlawuliswa ngamakhowe ezidyowayo. Kukho okungafaniyo, kodwa kunqabile.
Iindidi zamakhowa ezinobuthi
Ukwazi iindidi ezisisiseko zengozi kuya kunceda ukunqanda utyhefu. Kukho ezininzi - kukholelwa ukuba ngaphandle kweentlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-3000 zamakhowe ezidyowayo ziphela malunga ne-400 - kodwa akufanele ukhumbule yonke into. Kubalulekile ukwazi kuphela ezo zinto zifunyenwe kwii-latitudes zendawo. Phakathi kwazo zizinto ezinjalo:
- I-toale toadstool yiyona nto inobuthi kakhulu. Nokuba inxalenye encinci yanele ngokwenza ingozi engenakucatshangelwa kwimpilo. Ubuthi obuchaphazela isibindi kunye neentso, kwaye into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba iimpawu zokuxilisa ziphelile. Isici esahlukileyo se-toadstool sinokunyuka kwindlela ye-testicle kwisiseko somlenze.
- Amanita. Akunabomvu kuphela ngamachashaza amhlophe. Ingqikithi kukho iintlobo ezingama-600 zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-fly agarics. Kwaye kwabaninzi kubo banokutya. Nangona kunjalo ayifanelekanga ingozi - kukukhuseleka kakhulu ukugqithisa i-fly agaric ngeendlela zeshumi kwaye kulungele ukuthatha isithombe.
- Ukutyhefuza ngamakhowa kaSathana kuvela nangemva kokupheka ixesha elide. Ngako-ke, umntu akafanele akathembe ukubonakala kwawo okukhangayo - iziqhamo zeziqhamo zifikelela kuma-30 cm, kwaye umlenze unokufikelela kwi-10 cm ububanzi-bukhohlisa kakhulu.
- Iifossi zikhula kwiifrafti ze-coniferous ne-deciduous. Kwaye banempawu ehlukile-into ephosakeleyo. Iifayili ezinemiqolo, zifike kwi-5 cm ububanzi. Inyama imhlophe kwaye ayitshintshi umbala.
- Ukutyhefuza amakhowe ngeengulube akubi kakhulu, kodwa kuseyingozi - ngenxa yobunxila, inani lemizimba ebomvu linciphisa. Ihagu ibukeka njengento enkulu yomnquma emlenzeni ophantsi.
- I-fungi i-fungi ivame ukudideka kunye nama-pimples. Kodwa ngokungafani neyokugqibela, zinama-pink peres, kwaye emlenzeni kukho imitha emnyama.
Iimpawu zobutyhefu ngamakhowe
Lo mveliso unobungozi onokutshatyalaliswa nangona emva kokutshitshiswa komzimba okanye nayiphi na enye unyango. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngokukhawuleza iimpawu zetyhefu kunye nama-mushroom zivele kungekudala emva kokusetyenziswa kwalo mveliso, zifuna ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Makungqiniswanga ukwesaba okungcono, kunokuba kuya kufuneka ukuba ubhekane nemiphumo engathandekiyo yobunxila.
Ukutyhefuza ngamakhowe, zingaphi iimpawu ezibonakalayo?
Njengomthetho, iimpawu zokuqala zokutyhefuza ngamakhowe ziqala ukuvela kwii-1.5 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini emva kokuzidla ekudleni. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha impendulo ifika ngosuku okanye ezimbini. Indlela ebonakalayo yobuthi obubonakalayo incike kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Isantya sempendulo siyathinteka inani lezityalo ezidliwe kunye nokubonakala kwazo, ubunzima, ubudala kunye nempilo yexhoba. Ngona isistim somzimba esinamandla kakhulu asikwazi ukujamelana nesenzo seesxibisi. Ngoko ke kungekudala okanye kamva, kodwa kuya kuvela izibonakaliso zokuxhatshazwa.
Iimpawu zokuqala zobutyhefu ngamakhowe
Kukunzima ukuwahoywa. Nantsi indlela inetyhefu yamakhowe:
- isicefe
- ukuhlanza okukhulu;
- uhudo ukuya kumaxesha angama-15 ngosuku;
- intlungu yesisu;
- ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa kuma-38-39 degrees;
- Amaphethelo aphezulu kunye aphantsi ayanzima;
- ukuvuvuka kwesisu kunye namathumbu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesifo;
- ukubonakala kobuqhetseba kunye neengcamango;
- ingxaki yengqondo ebonakalayo;
- anuria;
- ukwandisa ukujuluka nokuhlaselwa;
- iingxaki ngokuphefumla;
- kuzela nobuthathaka;
- jaundice .
Ukutyhefuza kwamakhowa okufumba kunye ne-botulism kuyafana, kodwa ngeendlela ezincinane. Iimpawu eziphambili zi:
- isicupunu esinokuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ezintle iintloko;
- Umbono ongaphumeleli (kwamehlo aqala ukuphinda kabini, yonke into ihambayo);
- Umcosa womlomo umile;
- kukho iikrampu;
- ukuphefumula.
Yintoni enokuyenza xa ubetyhefu ngamakhowe?
Ukuzicoca ngamachiza ngokuxiliswa kuyinqatshelwe. Ngoko ke, xa kukho utyhefu ngamakhowa enetyhefu, into yokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe kukuba kukubiza iingcali okanye ukuzama ukuzisa ixhoba ngokwayo kwi-dormitory yeziko lempilo elisondeleyo. Ukuba unako ukugcina amasampuli emveliso, yenza njalo. Ngoko iingcali ziya kukwazi ukufumana ukuba ubuthi obangela ubuthi obunobuthi, kwaye kunoko kuthatha unyango olufanelekileyo.
Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu ngamakhowe
Into ephambili yokukhumbula kukuba ixhoba alinakunobungozi. Awudingi ukukhawuleza ukungcwaba i-intanethi ukukhangela iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo. Uncedo olungxamisekileyo lwezoxinzelelo ngamakhowa kukuhlamba isisu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukususa i-toxins eseleyo emzimbeni. Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu ngamakhowa enetyhefu lufumana isiselo esininzi. Isigulana sinokunika itiye, amanzi okanye isisombululo esinobuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, kwaye ke kubangele ukuhlanza ngokucindezela ingcambu yolwimi. Inkqubo kufuneka iqhutywe kude kube yintsali yokutya ishiya isisu.
Ukutyhefuza ngamakhowe - yintoni enokuyenza ekhaya?
Ukongezelela kokusela kakhulu, abachaphazelekayo banganikwa i-laxative kunye namacwecwe e-charcoal esebenzayo. Ukuba kuyenzeka ubuthi befungal, unyango ekhaya luye lwahlanjululwa ngokusisiswini kwesisu kunye namathumbu. Ngenxa yokuba amalahle - uncedo olungcono. I-sorbent esebenzayo. Thatha i-1 nganye nganye ngekhilomitha yesisindo somzimba. Kodwa ukuba isigulane sinempawu zokudambisa amanzi- uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukuxhalaka - iindlela ezi ngasentla zingonakalisa.
Ukutyhelwa kwamathambo - unyango lwebhedlele
Into yokuqala abakwenzayo esibhedlele kukuba bajobe iprobe baze bayisebenzise ukuhlamba isisu . Ngokuqhelekileyo, neengxaki zesifo sobutyhefu, unyango luquka ukuthatha i-laxative, i-intravenous medicine kunye ne-diuresis esheshayo. Ngosuku lokuqala, i-hemosorption yenziwa kwaye i-toxins isuswa kwigazi. Ekubeni kubakho i-hallucinations, isigulane sinikwa i-antidote i-Atropine.
Ukutyhefuza ngeefungi - iziphumo
Unobungozi obunobungozi kakhulu nge-grebe. Iphela ngesiphumo esibulalayo kwi-50-90% yamatyala. Ukuba isigulane sidla iziqhamo ezi-3, ukufa kwenzeka kwi-100% yamatyala. Ngokusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo, iziphumo zesifo sobutyhefu zingabalulekanga. Kwimeko xa unyango luqala ngexesha, umntu uya kubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uncedo aluzange luhlinzekwe, emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-8, ukufa kubakho ngamathuba angama-50%.
Ukuthintela utyhefu ngamakhowe
Indlela elula yokuthenga amakhowe kwiindawo eziqinisekisiweyo. Kodwa ukuba umnqweno wokuqokelela iziqhamo awukwazi ukunqotshwa, zilapha ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokuba ungafumani ngetyhefu ngamakhowe:
- Musa ukuqokelela izithelo ezingaqhelekanga.
- Zama ukuphepha amakhowe amadala.
- Xa ulungiselela, ungalibali ukucwangcisa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ubilise iihappy ngemilenze. Okokuqala thumela iiprooctions ezimbalwa.
- Coca kwaye ulungiselele amakhowe emva kokuqokelela.
- Awudingi ukuqokelela nayiphi na indlela ecaleni kwendlela neendawo zoshishino.
- Musa ukukhetha amakhowe kwiingxowa zeplastiki. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa iibhasikiti.
- Ukuba i-mushroom ikhusele ukutya ine-lid, ikhuselekile ukuyiphosa.