Umdlavuza we-Thyroid yisifo esifumelwayo kungekho kangako. Iyenzeka kwi-1% yamatyala abo bonke abachaphazelekayo. Kubasetyhini, le ntsholongwane ifunyanwe kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunesondo esomeleleyo. Isiganeko sentshukumo sibonakala kubasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-60.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - izizathu
Kuza kube namhlanje, iingcali azikwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo oko kubangele ukuba le ngozi. Nangona kunjalo, bachonga inani lezinto ezibangela ingozi yokukhula kakubi. Phakathi kwabo, impembelelo enkulu iqhutyelwa ngolo hlobo:
- Ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezizimeleyo - osandululwazi zandululwazi ziye zafumanisa i-gene ezidluliselwa kwizihlobo eziseduze, ezijongene nokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Ukuba lukhona emzimbeni, amathuba okuvela kwe-oncology yi-100%.
- Izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi - ingakumbi umsebenzi onobungozi wabasebenzi bezonyango odibanisene ne-radiation ionizing iyaqwalaselwa. Kwakhona kwiqela labasebenzi abanobungozi basentlalontle "ezitshisa" kunye nezo zinto zenza imisebenzi ehambelana nezinyithi ezinzima.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwee- radioactive - emva kweengozi yaseChernobyl, i-oncology ye-thyroid gland kwiindawo ezininzi zifumaneke ngezihlandlo ezili-15 ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunaphambi kwesi siganeko. Ingozi ithwala imvula eneemvula ephuma rhoqo emva kokuvavanywa kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
- Ukuxinezeleka okugqithiseleyo - ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kunye nokudakumba kukuphazamisa imeko yomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokukhusela ayikwazi ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Imiphumo emibi - kwintsimi yengqumbo iqukethe i-carcinogens, eyonakalisa umzimba. Ukulahla isistim somzimba kunye notywala.
I-Cancer ye-thyroid gland ingabangela izinto ezinjalo:
- izicubu kwizithobezi ezincinci;
- ii-polyps kwi-rectum;
- goiter multinodular ;
- umhlaza wekolon ;
- iigulane kwi-thyroid gland;
- izifo zenkqubo yokuzala isetyhini;
- utshintsho lwe-hormones emzimbeni, ngenxa yokukhulelwa okanye ukuyeka umyeni.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - udidi
Zininzi iintlobo zesakhiwo esibi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sakhe sengqondo somdlavuza we-thyroid, iintlobo zinezi:
- iplastiki;
- ulandelelwano;
- a maphepha;
- i-medullary.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid
Le yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-neoplasm eyingozi: itholakala kwi-80% yamatyala. Isifo safumana igama layo kwisiLatini igama, eliguqulelwe ngokoqobo ngokuthi "papilla". Yile ndlela i-tumor ibukeka ngayo: phezu kobuso bayo kukho ukubonakala okufana ne-papillae yangaphandle. Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary uthathwa njengesifo esahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, iiseli zalo azibukeli kuqala, njengempilo.
Xa ufunda ngaphantsi kwe-microscope ye-thyroid gland kubantu abaphilileyo, kwi-10% yamatyala amancinci athile afumaneka. Ngokuqhelekileyo loo mathambo ayinayo impembelelo. Ukuba baqala ukukhula, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza. Loo mhlaza wesifo se-thyroid ayikhokelekile ukuvumela izidumbu. Ukongezelela, uphathwe kakuhle xa ufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngexesha.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid
Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo esibi kakhulu alufanekiyo: lufunyanwe kwi-5-8% yamatyala. Umdlavuza we-Medullary isifo esiyingozi kuba i-tumor ngokusebenzisa i-capsule inokukhula kwi-trachea. Ngokufanayo, kunokwenzeka ukulimaza i-lymph nodes, isibindi, imiphunga nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ingozi yalolu hlobo lomhlaza kukuba lukhuni kwaye lukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid
Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo esibi lubhekwa njengesibini esona siqhelekileyo emva kwefomily form. Ngaphandle, i-tumor ifana ne-bubble, yingakho esi sifo sithole igama elinjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esinjalo sifumaneka kulabo abanokutya okungekho nto ekutya okune-iodine. Umhlaza wesifo se-thyroid kwi-30% yamatyala awusasazekanga kumathishini angomakhelwane kwaye akayi kuhluma emifuleni yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sinokuziphatha kakubi. Inokuchaphazela kungekhona kuphela i-lymph nodes nemithambo yegazi, kodwa kunye namathambo nemiphunga.
Umdlavuza we-thyaplastic
Esi sifo siyifumanisa kakhulu. Ibonakala ngokuphuhliswa kwintsimi yeeseli ze-atypical. Umdlavuza we-thyastic we-thyroid ubonakaliswa ngokugqithisa okunzulu kwezicubu. I-gland ikwandisa kakhulu ubukhulu, icaza izitho ezikufutshane. Oku kubangele iingxaki ngokugwinya nokuphefumla. Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sifumaneka kwibadala.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - iimpawu
Uphuhliso lwalolu hlobo olubi luhambisana nempawu ezithile. Izimpawu zomhlaza weTyroid kumabhinqa zi:
- uxinzelelo lwegazi oluzinzileyo;
- itywina ivakalelwa entanyeni;
- soloko esichaza ubuhlungu beentlungu;
- liphawulwe ngokulahlekelwa kweenwele ezinzulu;
- ulusu luba lome kakhulu;
- kukho ukuphulwa kokulala;
- ubunzima bomzimba buyatshintsha kakhulu;
- ilizwi liye litsho;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kokuhlaselwa kobushushu;
- imemori iyakhathaza kwaye ingqwalaselo yenkcazelo iyancitshiswa;
- kunciphisa umnqweno wesini;
- nomoya ongenamandla.
Amanqanaba omhlaza wesibeletho
Nayiphi na imfundo yomhlaza ihamba ngezigaba ezine zophuhliso. Xa ugqiba isiteji, ugqirha uyaqwalasela oku kulandelayo:
- ubungakanani besisu;
- buninzi kangakanani na ukusabalalisa (kukho ugxininiso ngaphakathi kwintsimbi okanye usasazeka kwiisuncu eziseduze);
- ubukho beemastastases.
Umdlavuza we-Thyroid udlula kwiimeko ezinjalo zophuhliso:
- I-tumor ububanzi ubuncinane ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm, isakhiwo esibi asiyonto i-capsule. Kule nqanaba akukho zithintelo.
- Isisu esininzi okanye amaninzi amancinane. Ngecala le-thyroid gland, apho ikhona khona, i-metastases iyakubonakala.
- I-tumor iyanda kwaye ikhula ibe yi-capsule. Iyakwazi ukuthengiswa kwiifom e-trachea. Kule nqanaba, i-metastases ichaphazela zombini iindawo ze-thyroid.
- I-tumor ikhula kakhulu. Umdlavuza we-Thyroid (isigaba se-4) unokufunyanwa ngeso iso. Inxalenye yangaphakathi yentamo inqwaba enkulu. Iyakhuliswa ngobukhulu be-thyroid gland. I-Metastase ithintela inani lamalungu kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - ukuxilongwa
Ukuba iimpawu ezixhalabileyo zifunyenwe, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, uya kuphulaphula ngokunyamekileyo isigulane, uya kuhlolisisa aze afake i-thyroid kunye nentamo. Ukuba ubona ukungaphambuki kwimiqathango, uya kucebisa ukuba ahlolwe oko:
- i-ultrasound (umdlavuza we-thyroid ayikwazi ukufunyanwa ngokuthembela kwe-100% kwi-ultrasound)
- iipilisi ezinqwenelekayo zokupasa i- biopsy ;
- ukukhawuleza;
- laryngoscopy;
- MRI;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubaphambili.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulwa nesifo eso. Ukukhetha kwabo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesilonda, ubukhulu bayo, ubukho beemastastases njalonjalo. I-Cancer ye-thyroid gland iyaphathwa ngale ndlela:
- lonyango lwe-radioiodine;
- amalungiselelo ehomoni;
- kungenelelo lotyando;
- irradiation;
- chemotherapy.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - iingcebiso zeklinikhi
Kwinqanaba lokuqala le ngxaki, unyango oluchanekileyo unyango luyakunceda. Kule meko, ezinjalo iziyobisi zingasetyenziswa:
- Somatulin;
- L-thyroxine;
- Bleomycin Sulphate.
Ukuba umhlaza we-thyroid ufumaniswe, ugqirha uya kuncomela iingcebiso malunga nokutya. Kubalulekile ukucebisa ukutya kunye nemveliso eline-iodine.
- imifuno (ubhontshisi, utamatisi, iitapile, igalikhi);
- izithelo kunye namajikijolo (cherries, persimmons, aples, rowan);
- i-millet kunye ne-buckwheat;
- Ukutya kwezilwanyana zasendle (i-crab, squid, iklabishi yaselwandle);
- intlanzi;
- inyama;
- iimveliso zobisi (ushizi, ubisi, i-cottage cheese);
- maqanda.
Umhlaza womhlaza we-Thyroid
Kukho iintlobo zokungenelela okutyathwayo:
- i-thyroidectomy iyonke - i-thyroid gland isuswe ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo;
- ukuthengiswa kwetransali - inxalenye yelungu igcinwa.
Ukuba umdlavuza we-thyroid usasaze i-metastase ngaphakathi kwipsule, ugqirha ubona kuyimfuneko ukususa izicubu ezichaphazelekayo ngokukhawuleza. Unyango kulolu hlobo limelelwe ngamanyathelo alandelayo:
- Ukulungiselela isigulane - kufuneka udlule zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni. Ngethuba le nkqubo isenziwa, umntu akufanele abe nezifo ezithintekayo okanye izifo ezingapheliyo.
- Ukubonisana ne-anesthesiologist, ugqirha kunye nodokotela -isigulane sinelungelo lokwazi ukuba umsebenzi uya kwenziwa njani, kwaye ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubangelwa.
- Intshayelelo ye-anesthesia jikelele - umntu ulala ebuthongweni obunzima, akahluphekanga okanye ayikho nayiphi na into engeyiyo.
- Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza - ubude benkqubo buxhomekeke kwinkimbinkimbi yayo. Ukuba isifo se-thyroid sifanele sususwe, ukungenelela ngoncedo kuya kwenziwa ngelixa. Xa ukufunwa kunye ne-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo zifunwa, le nkqubo inokulibaziseka iiyure eziyi-2-3.
- Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweso sigulane - isigulane sasimiselwe ukuphumla ngokubhekisele kwiibhedi zokuqala ezingama-24. Umjelo ufakwe kwindawo apho apho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi. Kule thubhu ngaphandle kuvela inkunkuma. Ngomhla umjelo ususwe kwaye uboshwe. Emva kokuba umdlavuza we-thyroid uqhutywe, isigulane sikhutshwa ekhaya iintsuku ezingama-2-3. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka atyelele ugqirha rhoqo ukuze ahlole indlela yonke into ephilisa ngayo kunye nemeko yomntu.
Umhlaza we-Thyroid - ukuxela
Ekuqaliseni le nto, isakhiwo sakhe sengqondo sesilonda sidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
I-oncology ye-thyroid gland kaninzi inoku:
- Umdlavuza we-Anaplastic ungama-100% unokufa.
- Ifom ye-Medullary - inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokusinda.
- Uhlobo lwentlupheko - lugqithiseleyo kunezinto ezilapha ngentla. Unesalathisi esihle sesiphumo esihle, ngakumbi kwizigulane ezingaphantsi kwama-50.
- Umhlaza wePapillary emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid-gland Ngokwezibalo, ubuhle bonyango bungaphezu kwama-90%.