Nabani na ofuna ukuqonda oko i-pulmonologist iyayiphatha ngayo, kufuneka ikwazi ukugqwesa ngokugqithiseleyo lo gqirha-isifo seenkqubo zokuphefumula komntu, kunye nangakumbi ngokuthe ngqo - izifo zendlela yokuphefumula ephantsi. Isidingo sokwabela olo mbandela oluncinci luvela ngenxa yokusasazeka kwezifo zale projekthi.
I-Pulmonologist - ngubani na oku kunye nokuphilisa?
Ukuphefumula yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ebonelela i-oxygen emzimbeni. Ukumisa imitha emithathu yokuphefumula ngenxa yokungcolisa, ukucima umphunga okanye ukulimala ngaphandle kooncedo olukhawulezayo loogqirha. Nokuba ukwehla kwenani le-oksijini engenayo ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvutha okanye intsholongwane kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumzimba. Ukuba kukho iingxaki zokuphefumula, umntu kufuneka adibane ne-pulmonologist.
Impendulo yombuzo malunga nohlobo luni logqirha yi-pulmonologist: lo ngumcebisi osincinci owazi kakuhle kwiinkqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka kwindawo ephantsi yokuphefumula. Ngokomgaqo wolwazi olufunyenweyo kunye neziphumo zophando, udokotela we-pulmonary kufuneka amisele unyango oluqwalasela iimpawu zesigulane somzimba kunye nezinto ezibangela isifo:
- ukungahambi;
- yokuzalwa kwindlala;
- ukutshaya;
- kubanda;
- intlungu yesifuba;
- sebenza kumveliso onobungozi;
- isifo - iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, iipasasites.
I-Pulmonologist - ngubani lo?
Ubungcali be-pulmonologist buyandisa kwisakhiwo seendawo zokuphefumula, iimpawu zokusebenza kwazo kunye nezizathu zokuphuhliswa kwamathambo. I-pulmonologist ingcali kwizifo:
- bronchi;
- kukhanya;
- ngxengxongo;
- umkhondo;
- i-larynx (kwimeko apho ukuvuvukala kusongela iinxalenye eziphantsi zenkqubo yokuphefumula).
Yintoni eyenza ugqirha we-pulmonologist?
I-Pulmonology ngenye yezona zikhokelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiyeza, ugqirha we-pulmonologist kufuneka abe kwisibhedlele ngasinye, ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezimbi, ukukhula kwinani lokukhupha, ukukhuselwa komzimba kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi, inani lezigulane ezinezifo zokuphefumula ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Kumbuzo othi i-pulmonologist ithatha abantwana nabadala, iimpendulo ziya kuba zihluke kakhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ingcali ikhethe isigulane seminyaka efanelekileyo.
Kwiigulane zobuntwababantwana udokotela ugqirha we-pulmonologist, ngubani na yena owenzayo, akaqhelekanga. Nangona kubanda kakhulu, abahlengikazi kunye ne-otolaryngologists bayaphumelela. Uncedo lwe-pulmonologist luyafuneka ukuba ubanda obuqhelekileyo bunobungozi okanye bunqabile kwisigaba esingapheliyo kunye nokudibanisa kwezifo zendlela yokuphefumula. Ukuba kukho ingcali kwisibhedlele sabantwana, ukubonisana naye kuyimfuneko xa ufumanisa umntwana:
- i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- i-bronchitis - ilukhuni okanye ingapheliyo;
- pneumonia ;
- ukukhwehlela ixesha elide okanye elingapheliyo;
- i-histiocidosis X - isifo apho i-eosinophil kunye neentsholongwane ze-immune ze-pathologi zanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimiphunga namathambo;
- i-cystic fibrosis -isifo sesistim sokuzalwa, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ze-pathogenic, kuquka nemiphunga.
Kubantu abadala, uluhlu lweengxaki ezibhekiswe kwi-pulmonologist luninzi. Oku kunye nesifo se-asthma esicacisiwe esicacisiweyo, isibetho se-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, kunye nezinye izifo, eziqhelekileyo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziyingozi, ukukhula kunye nobudala okanye ngenxa yokuphila okungalunganga, izinto ezinobungozi kwimveliso. Oku akulona uluhlu olupheleleyo lento eyenziwa ngumdala we-pulmonologist:
- i-pleurisy - ukuvuvukala kwamaphepha okanye ukuqokelela kwendawo yokucima;
- embolia (i-pulmonary) - ukukhutshwa kwe-pulmonary artery (thrombus, bubble air, i-cell tumor, ii-particle fat, izinto zangaphandle);
- I-tumartoma (i-hamartoma)-ihambelana nezicubu zomphunga, kodwa ihluke kwindawo yegazi nemithambo;
- idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis - ukuthunyelwa kwe-haemosiderin pigment emiphakeni;
- i-hemothorax - ukuqokelela kwegazi kwisigxina;
- i-pneumothorax - ukuqokelela kwee-gesi kwisigxina somlomo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga - kwenzeka kwimpembelelo ye-thrombosis okanye i-pulmonary embolism;
- I-pulmonary hypertension - yanda ukuxhatshazwa kwe-vascular kumapapu;
- i-pulmonary fibrosis - ukwandisa kwezicubu ezinxibelelwano kwimiphunga;
- i-sarcoidosis - ukwakha i-granulomas kwimiphunga;
- ukuphefumula ukuphefumula ebusuku;
- isifo esingapheliyo sokukhupha isifo se-pulmonary disease - ukukhawulela okuqhubekayo kwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni;
- Umhlaza wamaphaphu - ukwakheka kakubi emiphakeni;
- Isifo sofuba sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, apho i-foci ifomu lokuvuvukala kwimpompo.
Ndifanele ndihambe nini kwipulmonologist?
Ubunzima bezifo ezihambelana nomoya wokuphefumula, kwenza wonke umntu azi ukuba nini ukuya kwi-pulmonologist. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo mphando ukhokelwa ngumgqirha, ukugqiba ezinye iimpawu ezithile zempawu zephemmonary pathology. Umntu ngokwakhe unokrokrela isifo sepulmonari xa:
- Umkhuhlane ohlala ixesha elide, owomileyo okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-sputum;
- ukukhwehlela kunye nokuhlukana kwamagazi okanye umbala ongenawo umbala we-sputum;
- ukuphefumula ukuphefumula ngexesha lokuzikhandla okanye ukuphumla;
- ukuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula;
- intlungu kwisifuba ngexesha lokuphefumla.
Injani inkqubo eyenziwa yi-pulmonologist?
Isigulane, esiya kwindwendwe okokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo sifuna ukwazi ukuba uviwo luyenzeka njani kwi-pulmonologist. Nantsi into eyenziwa ngumpempi:
- Okokuqala, ugqirha uqokelela i-anamnesis kwaye uqhuba uviwo olubonakalayo lwesifuba, ukuhlola ubukhulu bayo, ukulinganisa kunye nezinye iimitha.
- Emva koko, i-pulmonologist idibanisa iimbambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo, zixubha imiphunga ukuze zibone izibonda zomzimba.
- Emva koko uyayiphulaphula imiphunga, eveza izandi ezinokuvuthisa nokungazichaziyo zomzimba onempilo.
Yintoni kunye nompempe wengcali ekhangelelwa njani?
Ekubeni ulwazi olufunyenwe kwisigulane kwaye uviwo aluhlali lubonisa umfanekiso wesigulo, isigulane sinikezelwa ezinye izifundo. Yintoni eyenziwa yi-pulmonologist emva kweemviwo:
- Iimvavanyo zeLebhanon - iimvavanyo eziphezulu zegazi kunye nomchamo, iimvavanyo ze-antibody, izicukumbuzi, iimviwo ze-sputum.
- Iziphumo ze-spirometry kunye ne-spirography, eya kukunceda ukuqikelela inani leemfucu eziphazamisekileyo ezikhutshwe kwi-breathing process.
- Iziphumo ze-MRI, i-ultrasound, i-echocardiography, i-radiography, i-tomography kunye nezinye iindlela.
Iingcebiso zePulmonologist
Ekubeni izifo eziphambili zepmonal zihlala zibangelwa iingxaki zokuqhwala okanye i- SARS , iingcebiso eziqhubekayo ze-pulmonologist:
- Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko.
- Ugqoke ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lexesha.
- Gcina imithetho yokucoceka.
- Ncipha ezinye iingozi zokugula.
- Ukuba isifo asikwazi ukunqandwa - musa ukuzibandakanya kumachiza, shenela kuncedo lugqirha.
Izifo zendlela yokuphefumula kunye nokukhusela kwabo
Izifo eziphefumulayo ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa, ngoko ke, ukuze ugcine impilo, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela. Ukuqala, ukuqeda imikhwa emibi eyanciphisa ukumelana nomzimba kwiintsholongwane, kwaye ezinjalo ezinobungozi, ezifana nokutshaya, zingakhokelela ekuphuhliseni umhlaza wemiphunga.