Isigaba sokugqibela ekwakheni nasiphi na isakhiwo uphahla. Esi sakhiwo esithwala imithwalo sithatha yonke imithwalo yangaphandle kwaye siyabelana ngokusemthethweni kwiindonga kunye neenkxaso zangaphakathi. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiphampu, uphahla luyintente, i-mansard, i-sledge, i-gable.
Uyilo lophahla kunye nezikhwama ezimbini namhlanje libhekwa njengeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwaye ayizinzima kumsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese. Uphahla olunjalo luququzelele, ukucwenga, i-hydro kunye ne-insulator insulation, i-pediments kumacala omabini, i-crate, eqhotyoshelweyo kunye neengubo zokugqibela. Njengoko izixhobo zokugubungela uphahla lwentambo, izitye zendalo kunye nezendalo, izixhobo kunye nempahla eninzi.
Iintlobo zendlu
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendonga zephahla lokugubha, ezisetyenziselwa izindlu zabucala.
- Imimandla okanye i-gable - uphahla oluqhelekileyo lwephahla, elinemizila emibini, elunamathelane kunye nolunye oluxhomekeke kwingxenyeni ephezulu yecala. Oku kusekelwe kunxantathu ye-isosceles. I-angle ephezulu kwiphahla elinjalo yi-degrees 35-45. Nangona kunjalo, indawo phantsi kwephahla elinjalo ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwizindlu. Indlu yephahla elilinganayo inequlunqo ecacileyo nelula.
- Amaphahla aphehliweyo kunye nemithambeka yomgca ophukileyo: kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezantsi, ziphantsi, kwaye ezantsi zineentente ezibukhali. Inkqubo yophahla lwaloo maphahla luyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba iindawo zokuhlalisa. Njengazo zonke uphahla lwamaqhekeza, iingubo eziphukile ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuqhaqhaqhaqhayisa umoya, kunye nekhephu liwela ngokukhawuleza entwasahlobo. Yaye i-rafter system ivumela ukuxhobisa i-attic kunye neendawo zokuhlala kunye nokubonisa ubungqina bokushushumbisa kunye nokufudumala. Ukuphakama kwiphakheji ye-attic ephahleni kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba indawo engezansi i-2.2 imitha.
- Ukungalingani - kwiphahla elinjalo i-skate yenziwe i-offset ukusuka kwisiko sophahla . Isibonda se-attic phantsi kophahla olunjalo kuncinci kuncinci ngaphantsi kwephukile. Kodwa ngelo xesha lwakhiwo luneenkalo ezintle kakhulu.
- Amaphahla aphezulu amaninzi ayabonakala engavamile. Iikhredithi kule nguqulelo yephahla ayixhunyelelana komnye, kodwa zisezingeni elihlukeneyo. Ukwakhiwa kokwakhiwa okunzima okunjalo kunokwenziwa kuphela ngabaqeqeshi kwintsimi yabo. Ewe, kwaye kukho uphahla oluncinci.
- I-Semihalmovye ophahleni lweendonga - udidi oluqhelekileyo lwe-gable, kodwa lunezinto zalo: emaphethelweni eengubo kwiipahla ezinjalo zikhona izinto ezinqabileyo. Olu qulunqo lubizwa ngokuba yiDatshi. Inkqubo yokwakha uphahla lwesigxina, kunye neyokudlulileyo, inzima kakhulu kwaye inzima. Yaye kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo ziza kuhamba kakhulu.
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Kulo uphahla lwama-gable, umthamo wendlela yokubaluleka kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, uphahla kunye ne-ramp engacacanga kakhulu kulungele indawo eshushu. Kodwa ukuba ummandla uvula imvula, ke kufuneka ukhethe uphahla lwentaba kunye nomthamo wama-stingrays ukuya kuma-degrees angama-60; ngoko ke amanzi aya kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza ephahleni. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba phezu kophahla, apho i-angle ye-ramp inkulu, umthwalo ovela emoyeni uya kuba namandla. Ngenxa yoko, kwiindawo apho umoya oqinileyo uhlala khona, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa i-lathing and rafters kwiphahla elinjalo okanye ukwenza kube lula.
Ngako oko, ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukufakelwa kophahla, kufuneka wenze ukubala okucwangcisiweyo nokucokisekileyo. Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeka kwintlambo yerenx iya kuxhomekeka ekukhethweni kwezinto zokuphahla. Ngokomzekelo, phezu kophahla "olunzulu" kungcono ukusebenzisa tile.
Ngophahla olusesikweni oluphethwe ngokufanelekileyo, luya kubonakala lukhulu nje kuphela kwindlu yezindlu, kunye ne-gazebo. Uphahla lwe-Gable lufanelekile ukuhlamba kunye neendawo zokugcina izithombo.