Uninzi lweefilosofi ezijikelezayo zincinci nakwiinkonzo zamandulo kunye namacawa. Ngaloo mihla i-polytheism yayiqhelekileyo, kwaye kummandla ngamnye kwakukho unkulunkulu othile. Omnye wabantu abadumileyo beenkcubeko zamandulo unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar.
Ngubani uIshtar?
Inkokheli yamabhinqa yama-Akkadian inkolelo ineziganeko kwamanye amazwe, umzekelo, eYiputa iyaziwa ngokuba yi-Astarte, kwaye eGrisi ngenye yeendlela zokubonakalisa i-Aphrodite. Ukuba unomdla, u-Ishtar unkulunkulukazi wento, oko kukuthi, yiphi na indawo ayiphendulayo, ngoko ke uthathwa njengesithandabuzo sothando. Kuzo zonke iziqu zayo, yindlela yokubonakalisa isini kunye nesini . Inxulumene nayo yonke into enxulumene nesondo, kuquka ukuguquka. U-Ishtar unkulunkulukazi onamandla kunye nedemon yokunyaniseka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-patroness of harlot and courtesans.
UIshtar uhlala phi?
Ngokweenkcukacha zembali, kwi-7th century BC kwintsimi ye-Iran yanamhlanje kwakukho amaqela amaninzi, kwaye yayibiza le ntsimi yaseMesopotamiya. Uthikazikazi wothando nokuzala U-Ishtar wayenempembelelo ebanzi kubantu, ngoko ke inkolo yakhe yaqhutyelwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kodwa indawo ephakamileyo yonqulo lwakhe yikumkani wase-Akkadian. Iingcamango azibonakali apho uthikazikazi u-Ishtar wayehlala khona, kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuthi wehla waya ephasini waza wakhuphukela ezulwini.
Umyeni kaIshtar
Umfazi wodadekazi wothando uyamkela uBhali, ngubani onyana wezinto eziseSiriya. Kwakhona unobuntu bokuzala, ilanga nemfazwe. Kwixesha la mandulo, igama elithi "Bhahali" laliyi-epithet yokukhetha oothixo abahlukeneyo kunye namagosa aseSemites asendulo. Umyenikazikazi u-Ishtar wavusa ukwesaba kubantu kwaye wamnxusa, wenziwa ngemihlatshelo, kuquka abantu. Iimbali-mlando ezininzi zibhekisela kuBhahali oyisithixo sokuqala. Umfazi u-Ishtar wayenelinye igama - uBali kunye nabaninzi bemigodi kunye nabafundisi bezenkolo, bacinga ukuba uyidemon eyingozi.
Abantwana bakaIshtar
Akukho nkcazelo enokwethenjelwa malunga nenzala yodadekazi wothando, kodwa kukho iziphakamiso zokuba wayenonyana. Enyanisweni, uIshtar wayenabathandi abaninzi, kungekhona nje koothixo nabantu, kodwa nakwizilwanyana. Wayephawuleka ngokunyaniseka kwakhe kunye nomoya. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yoko, lobuThixo ukhethwa ngabalingqingili kunye nohenyukazi njengowomsebenzi. Uthikazikazi wothando u- Ishtar wabatshabalalisa abathandi bakhe abanomdla oba ziinkuni ezinzima. Mhlawumbi, ngenxa yoko, wayengenabantwana.
Ingqungquthela yodadekazi uIshtar
Kwinto edumileyo ethi "iTale of Gulgamesh" kuxelwa ukuba unkulunkulukazi utshabalalise uTammu, intombi yakhe, owayengunkulunkulu wokuzala. Isenzo sakhe sabangela ukungquzulana nezinye izithintelo. Umlando ka-Ishtar uthi ukuze ahlawulele ityala lakhe, wehla waya endaweni emnyama yabafileyo, elawulwa nguodadewabo. Uthikazikazi kufuneka adlule ngamasango asixhenxe, kwaye umqobo ngamnye wayenokubuyisa - ubucwebe bakhe, obunqabileyo amandla kunye namandla. Ngenxa yoko, wangena ubukumkani obunqunu behamba kwaye bekhuselekile.
Udade oyintywayo uyathumela kuye izifo ezingama-60 kwaye uyifake kwibhotwe, ukuze ahlaselwe apho. Ngeli xesha kungekhona nje uothixokazi u-Ishtar ohluphekileyo, kodwa bonke abantu emhlabeni, njengokuba uhlobo luqala ukwenza, kunye nezilwanyana, iintaka kunye nabantu abakwazi ukuvelisa. UThixo ophakamileyo u-Aye uyayiqonda intlekele yimeko, imiyalelo yokuvuselela unkulunkulukazi wothando. Njengentlawulelo, ushiya uTammu wakhe othandekayo kwindawo ebumnyama.
Unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar uyisimboli
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zale bhixo isangqa, sibophe ngebhebhoni, ngaphakathi apho kukho inkwenkwezi eneenkcukacha ezisibhozo. Kule nani, isangqa simele isibhakabhaka, kwaye inkwenkwezi imele ilanga. Isimboli sodadekazi u-Ishtar sisibhakabhaka esicacileyo, esibandakanya unkulunkulukazi. Kukho imimandla emininzi yale mzobo esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, kukho inkwenkwezi ye-Ishtar, eyasetyenziselwa ukutyhilwa kwetyikitya yabathetheli eBhabhiloni, ezinye iimifanekiso zitholakala kwiimpawu zeempahla kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
Unqulo lukaIshtar
Isithethe esaziwayo, esinokuthi senze ukubonakalisa unkulunkulukazi wothando lwakhe inhlonipho kwaye uphenduke kuye uncedo. Ukusebenzisa oko kuvunyelwe kuphela kwimeko apho engasebenzi ixesha elide ukuxazulula ingxaki ebalulekileyo. Qaphela ukuba iinjongo eziphambili zeempembelelo zikaIshtar - ubomi bomntu, kodwa kunceda nakwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nakwiintlanano ezahlukeneyo. Isithethe sinezigaba eziliqela:
- Kubalulekile ukuqala usuku emini kwaye kulungile ukuba ilanga likhanya phezu kwesibingelelo esakhiweyo. Ukuba umcimbi ubanjwe ngaphakathi, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuvula iwindi.
- Yakha isibingelelo, esifanele sibe sezantsi, kwaye ihlanganiswe ngengubo emhlophe. Eyona nto iphezulu, ukuba yenziwe ngelikalika. Kwimigumbi nakwiziko, faka ikhandlela ezimhlophe.
- Ekufutshane nekhandlela, ekhoneni elingasekhohlo kufuphi, faka i-crystal goblet ezele ubisi. Emva kwakhe wabeka umnqweno wokucwenga ngemifuno enjalo: 1 inxalenye yempatho kunye nomhlonyane, kunye neengxenye ezimbini ze-calendula. Izityalo kufuneka zishiswe kwaye zikhuphe iilangatye kanye, ukuze zitshise. Kwikhoneni elikufutshane, faka umfanekiso wehobe elimhlophe.
- Yima emadolweni, kwaye ngoko, ngelizwi elibuhlungu, umthandazo ka-Ishtar ufanele ufundwe. Emva komgca ngamnye, kuyimfuneko ukwenza isaphetha, ukwenzela ukuba ibunzi lichaphazele umgangatho.
- Ukuba konke kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, akukho zicamango ezimbi, kwaye unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar wadibana, ngoko kuya kuba nomkhuhlane. Thatha i-goblet nobisi, xelela isalathisi kunye niselo yonke.
- Emva koko, jikela kumthikazikazi ngamazwi akho uze umcele uncedo ekuxazululeni ingxaki ekhoyo. Qinisekisa ukumthembisa ukuba uzondla amajuba aze amdumise rhoqo kwiingcamango zakhe. Yithi intle, zikhanyise ikhandlela kunye neengca. Ifestile kufuneka ihlale ivulekile kuze kube yintoni umsi uhambe.
- Ukuba umnxibelelwano akafaki ukuqala ukususela okokuqala, akudingeki uphelelwe yithemba, kwaye usenokuzama kwakhona, kuphela ngosuku olulandelayo. Akunqunywanga ukwenza lo masiko ngaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku.