I-Metastasis igxininiso lwesibini yeentlupheko zeeseli ezithatha kwiisisu zomzimba womntu kwisiza sokuqala sesi sifo. Iimetastases ezandwendwela kwiinqanawa zelymphatic zomzimba zibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphatic. Ukudlula kwiinqanawa ze-lymphogenous, ii-metastases zihlala zigcinwa kwi-lymph nodes.
I-Metastases kwiimfayili zentamo kunye nomzimba wonke unokwakhiwa kokubili kumanqanaba omhlaza wesifo somhlaza, ngokubaluleke kakhulu imeko yesigulane, kunye naseziqaleni zokuqala. Ininzi kaninzi i-lymphogen wayifaka izilonda ezinobunzima (i- melanoma ).
Kutheni i-metastase isasazeka?
I-lymph nodes zibizwa ngokuba yizitho zepherphatic system, eyinkxaso yesimo senhliziyo yomntu kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Umsebenzi we-lymphism system kukugcina imetabolism, kunye nokucoca okanye ukucoca izicubu kunye namaseli omzimba womntu.
I-lymph nodes zifumaneka kumaqela kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye ziyindawo yokuvelisa i-lymphocyte - iiseli zokuzikhusela, ezonakalisa iiseli zangaphandle eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni. Ukususwa kwe-tumor kunye ne-metastase kwiimpawu zengqungquthela zengingqi zikhokelela ekupheleni kokusasazeka kweeseli zesisu. Kwaye unyango olukhethiweyo olufanelekileyo lukhokelela kunyango olupheleleyo lwesifo.
Kukho izinto ezibangela ukusabalala kweemitha zesistim:
- ubudala (umntu omdala umntu, ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-metastasis);
- Izifo ezichaphazelekayo ( izifo ezingapheliyo zonakalisa imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yomzimba kwaye zikhuthaza ukuvela kweemetastases);
- ubungakanani kunye nendawo yeyona nto ephambili ekujoliswe kuyo kweeseli zesisu (enkulu inambuku, ngokubonakalayo ukubonakala kweemetastases);
- Ukukhula koxinzelelo (ukukhula kobunzima bomdonga womzimba kuyingozi kwaye kaninzi kubangelwa ama-metastases afana neengcambu ezikhula kwi-lumen yelungu).
Iimpawu zeemetastase kwiimpawu ze-lymph
Iimpawu zeemastastases kumlomo wesibeleko, i-prravicular, i-axillary ne-inguinal lymph nodes zi:
- ukwanda kwimilo yeclimph ukuya kwisayizi ebonakalayo ngexesha loviwo lwangaphandle;
- ukungabi nantlungu ye-lymph nodes kunye nosayizi okhulayo;
- ukulahleka kwexabiso, ngaphandle kokutya;
- Ubuthathaka obuqhubekayo, ukukhathala;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- ukushisa okuphakamileyo, i-ARI rhoqo;
- neurosis;
- ukwandiswa kwesibindi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-metastases i-lymphogenous ifunyenwe ngaphaya kwe-tumor yokuqala. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kumadoda eneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-metastase ye-lymphogenous
Esinye isifo sempawu kunye ne-lymph nodes ezibonakalayo azibonakali ngokwaneleyo ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiimitha zesithintelo ezifihlakeleyo, umzekelo, kwii-lymph nodes zesisu esiswini, okanye i-lymph node zangaphambili. Umthetho wegolide wezo zonke i-oncologists yi-diagnostic epheleleyo yazo zonke iindidi ze-lymph nodes phambi kwe-tumor yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, iimvavanyo zokuxilongwa zanamhlanje ezifana ne-CT, iPET, iMRI, i-ultrasound zisetyenzisiweyo.
Izindlela zokonyango lwee-metastase kwii-lymph nodes
Unyango lwee-metastases kwi-lymph nodes zidla ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukususa i-metastase ezinkulu kunye ne-lymph nodes ngexesha lokususwa kwe-tumor okanye ngokwahlukileyo. Inkqubo ye-radiosurgical isetyenziswe kwakhona, ngoncedo lwe-CyberKnife, evumela ukuba izifo zifikelele kwiindawo ezilukhuni ngokuchaneka ngokumangalisayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okungadingekile kwezicubu ezijikelezayo.
Ngezilonda ezininzi, kunye nobukhulu obuncinane beemastastases kunye neengcambu, kunye nakwixesha elide emva kokususwa kwe-tumor ebulalayo, unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke iindlela zonyango kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kwaye ziphuhliswa ngugqirha ngokwahlukileyo kwisigulane ngasinye.