I-leukocyte egazini, okuqhelekileyo ekusekwa yizenzululwazi, ngamaseli amhlophe egazi ngaphandle kombala ozimele. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko ukhusela. I-Leukocytes ithatha inxaxheba ekukhuseleni umzimba kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-stimuli yangaphandle nangaphakathi, kwaye ukutshintsha inani labo kungaholela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu.
Ziziphi iiseli zamhlophe zegazi?
Phantse wonke umntu unengcamango yale ntsha yegazi. I-leukocytes egazini, oqhelekileyo ohlukileyo kunye nobudala, ngaba iiseli ezibalulekileyo kwi-immune system. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukukhusela umzimba kwi-stimuli yangaphandle nangaphakathi. Hambisa umzimba ngaphandle nje kwegazi. Bayakwazi ukungena kwiindonga ze-vascular zibe zizicubu kunye namalungu. Emva koko ubuyele kwisitishi. Xa i-leukocytes egazini ibonisa ingozi, iya kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ukuhamba kwiifisi ezixhaswa yi-pseudopods.
I-leukocytes egazini, eyaziwayo kubo bonke ootitshala, abambe iiseli ezinokuthi ziyingozi, zitshise kwaye zife. Ukongezelela ekutshatyalaliswa kweengqungquthela ezingaqhelekanga, izigulane ezimhlophe zisebenzisa zonke iintlobo zezinto ezingadingekile (ezinjenge-microbial ihlala okanye ifile yamaseli amhlophe). Omnye umsebenzi wale maseli unokuqwalaselwa ukuveliswa kweengqungquthela kwizinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwintlungu eyenziwa ngumntu ngamnye - ezo umntu ahlupheke ngaphambili.
Kukho i-leukocytes ehlukeneyo egazini, okuqhelekileyo okungaqwalaselwa ngophando. Yaye imisebenzi yabo ihlukile:
- Neutrophils. Ziyakhelwe ngethambo lomongo. Imisebenzi ephambili yale mizimba ithatha inxaxheba kwi-phagocytosis, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezinokubulala i-antimicrobial and detoxification.
- Lymphocytes. I-leukocytes ebaluleke kakhulu egazini kunye nokuqhelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba. Zihlala zibeka iliso zonke iinkqubo kunye nezitho kwaye zikhangele izidumbu ezingaphandle. Ezi iiseli zeakhawunti malunga ne-35% yeenombolo ze-leukocytes.
- Monocytes. Asebenza kuwo wonke umzimba. Unokukwazi ukuthabatha iinqununu zezinga elilinganayo.
- Basophil. La mabhunga aqulethe i-heparin kunye ne-histamine. I-Basophil ibandakanyeka ekuphuhliseni i-allergies.
- Eosinophils. Kwakhona uthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwempembelelo. Ekubeni kukho izidumbu emzimbeni, ama-eosinophil angene emathunjini, atshabalalise kuwo kwaye ngoko ke ayifake i-toxins ekwazi ukutshabalalisa i-helminths.
Isiqhelo se-leukocyte egazini
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka. Umxholo we-leukocytes egazini uphathisa ubudala, ixesha lomhla, ukutya, uhlobo lomsebenzi. Ukuhlalutya, izinga lemizimba emhlophe liboniswa inani elipheleleyo lamanani omzimba omzimba. Ukuphambuka kwamancinci kumgangatho oqhelekileyo kuvunyelwe. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kungabonakali nayiphi na ingxaki, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze uviwo olongezelelweyo.
Isiqhelo se-leukocyte egazini labesetyhini
Inani lamalungu omhlophe yenye yezona zikhokelo ezibalulekileyo ekuhlalutyweni kwegazi lomntu. Emzimbeni womntu omdala we-leukocytes kufuneka avela kwi-3.2 * 109 / L ukuya kwi-10.2 * 109 / L. Ukuguqulwa kwinqanaba le-immune cells kwenzeka kwiimeko ezimbini: kwizifo zegazi kunye nama-tissue forming bloods and pathologies of other organes and systems. Inani leenxalenye zeempembelelo zithonyelwa isigaba somjikelezo wesini kunye nomongo we-hormonal. Ngenxa yokuba i-leukocytes egazini ngexesha lokukhulelwa lixhamla, kwaye ukuqhelekileyo kuthathwa ingqalelo, ukuba izinga labo lifikelela kwi-15 * 109 / l.
Isiqhelo se-leukocyte egazini lamadoda
Kwimimandla yesini esomeleleyo kwigazi kufuneka ivela kwi-4 ukuya ku-9 * * 109 / L yeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Umgangatho wabo kumzimba wesilisa uhluka kakhulu xa uthelekiswa namanye amaqela ezigulane. Inani le-leukocyte egazini linokuchaphazeleka ngolu hlobo:
- msebenzi oqhelekileyo;
- uxinzelelo;
- kutshintsha ukutya.
Isiqhelo se-leukocyte egazini labantwana
Ukuba kwimibutho yabantu abadala inani lemizimba emhlophe lilinganayo, ngoko amaseli egazi amhlophe egazini lomntwana ahluke kakhulu. Iqondo labo liye litshintsha nokuba kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabantwana:
- kubantwana ukuya kwinyanga: 8 - 13 * 109 / l;
- kubantwana ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-12: 6 - 12 * 109 / l;
- kubantwana ukusuka kunyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu: 5 - 12 * 109 / l;
- kubantwana abavela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-6: 5 - 10 * 109 / l;
- kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwe-16: 5 - 9.5 * 109 / l.
Umxholo okwandisiweyo wamaseli omzimba uchazwa kukuba inani elikhulu leenkqubo ezihlukahlukeneyo zenzeka emzimbeni womntwana. Zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zengane zakhiwa kwakhona kwaye ziguqulelwe ubomi ngaphandle kwesizalo sikamama. Ukongezelela, ukubunjwa kwe-immunity, okubangela ukwanda kweeukocytes egazini. Njengoko bekhula, izinga labo lihla. Xa oko kwenzeka, kuthetha ukuba isistim somzimba someleze.
I-leukocyte egazini iphakanyisiwe
I-leukocytosis yemvelo ingenzeka kuzo zonke izidalwa, kwaye oku akubhekiseli kwingozi yempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-leukocyte ephakamileyo egazini ibonwa kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo. Le yi-leukocytosis yesikhashana, kwaye ngokukhawuleza xa umntu ebuyela kwindawo yokuphumla, inani lamalungu omhlophe libuyela kwakhona kwisiqhelo. Izigulane, njengomthetho, azifumani naziphi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ngokunyuka kweeseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Nangona abanye bekhalaza ngenxa yobuthathaka, ukwandisa ukukhathala, i-malaise.
Ukuphakanyiswa kweeseli zegazi ezimhlophe egazini - ukuthini oku kuthetha ntoni?
Iimbangela ze-leukocytes ephakamileyo egazini zixhomekeke ekukholeni kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala. Inokubangelwa yinkqubo yezobugcisa kunye neentsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba i-leukocytes egazini yanda, izizathu zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- isifo (isifo se-pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, pyelonephritis nabanye);
- izibilini ezibangelwa zizilwanyana ezincinci (ama-abscesses, amathumba, i-phlegmon, i-peritonitis, i-appendicitis);
- uremere;
- isifo sikashukela ;
- ukutshisa okukhulu;
- ukuvuvukala okungenasifo (i- arthritis , i-lupus erythematosus);
- izihlamba ezibi;
- i-myocardial infarction .
Kuthekani ukuba amaseli egazi amhlophe aphakanyisiwe egazini?
Ngokwenene, ukwanda kwenani lamaseli egazi ezimhlophe kubonisa ukusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo ye-immune system: bachonga ingozi kwaye baqala ukulwa nayo. Ngoko ke, akufanelekile ukukhathazeka malunga neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezifumaneka kwigazi. I-leukocytosis kwimpilo ayichaphazeli phantse nantoni na. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni izinga labo likhule - luhlobo luni lweengxaki olukhokelela kulo. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuba imbonakalo yokuqala ibonakaliswe kwaye iphilise, izikhombisi ziya kubuyela ngokuzenzekelayo eziqhelekileyo.
I-leukocytes egazini incitshiswa
Njenge-leukocytosis, i-leukopenia kwimeko ezininzi i-asymptomatic. Kodwa ukukhuseleka kwabantu abane-pathology kubuthathaka kakhulu, ngenxa yoko kunzima kakhulu ukukhusela usulelo lwezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu uhlala egula, kufuneka aphumelele iimvavanyo. Kungenzeka ukuba zonke iimpawu ezibandayo, ngokungabikho kwintlungu emqaleni nasemphupheni, kudala i-leukocytes ephantsi kwegazi.
I-leukocyte egazini iyancipha - ithetha ntoni?
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zixhalabele kakhulu kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle zangozi kunye nezinguqu zangaphakathi emzimbeni. Izizathu eziphambili zokuba i-leukocyte ephantsi egazini, ibonakala ngathi:
- utshintsho olunexesha elidala olwenzeka kumnxeba wethambo, olukhokelela ekugugeni kwangaphambili kunye nokutshintshwa kwezicubu ze-hematopoietic eziqhelekileyo ngokuzibandakanya;
- impembelelo yeengqungquthela zemisebe ye-ionizing okanye i-radiation kwiiseli zomnatha obomvu;
- umongo we-hypoplasia;
- (iixesha i-leukopenia ikhula ngokubangela ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane);
- HIV ;
- ukuchithwa komzimba obangelwa yindlala, iingxaki zokugonya, ukugula okubi okanye ukulimala;
- inkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ezikhokelela ekuveliseni izikhuhlane zomzimba kwiishubhu zomzimba (kubandakanywa nezicubu ze-leukocytes);
- i-immunodeficiency (kokubili kokuzalwa kunye nokufumana);
- patocrine pathologies;
- isifo somnxeba wethambo, isifo se-leukemia, kunye ne-metastasis yezidumbu ezinobungozi ezingxenyeni zayo;
- ezinzima okanye ezide, eziye zazingapheliyo, izilonda zamagciwane.
Kuthekani ukuba i-leukocytes egazini iyancipha?
I-Leukopenia kufuneka ifumaneke ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba ikhula ngaphezu kweeveki ezi-6, umntu uqhuba umngcipheko wokufumana isifo sesifo esiya kuba sibi kunokuba siqhele. Ukwandisa izinga lama-leukocytes ekhethwe ngegazi likhethwe ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenani lala maseli. Ukususela kwiimeko ezininzi, i-leukopenia ikhula ngenxa yezifo ezithile, unyango kufuneka lujoliswe ekuchaseni ukugqibela.