Ukuba ufuna ukunika i-exotics yegadi, qwa lasela i-actinidia yesityalo, ukutshala nokunyamekela kulula ukuyifumana. Kuloluhlu lwe-lianas, ngokwemvelo luxhaphake kwi-Himalaya, eChina, eJapane, eSakhalin. Igama lenkcubeko livela kwigama lesiGrike kwaye lithetha "inkwenkwezi". Abalimi bavelisa iintlobo ezinokuzala kwiindawo ezininzi zaseRashiya.
I-Actinidia Inkcazo
I-actinidia ethandekayo yi-liana ehlala njalo, ikhuphuka kwizixhasi ukuya phezulu. Liyolisa iliso ngobumnandi balo kwaye litsalane neempawu zokuphilisa amajikijolo. Wonke umntu uyazi iziqhamo zesenzo se-actinidia (isiTshayina) - kiwi. Ikhcubeko inomtsalane nabalimi kunye nezobugcisa, iimpawu zonyango kunye nefecundity. Inkcazo emfutshane yenkcubeko:
- Le yinkcubeko ephihlileyo eneenkcubeko ezinamagatsha azinzima, ukufumana iziqhamo, izityalo zamadoda kunye neentombi zifuneka.
- Ubundlobongela behlumela lubekwe ngumqathango: kwiintyatyambo zendoda ziqokelelwe ngamanqaku angama-6 okanye ngaphezulu, kwinqanaba labasetyhini.
- Amaqabunga akhukhuni, angagqitywanga emacaleni.
- Iintyatyambo i-actinidia e-snow-white, i-orange, i-yellows buds, ekhumbuza i-asterisks.
- Isiqithi ngoSeptemba sinika iziqhamo ezinomsila kunye nobuhlungu obuhlaza kunye nembewu encinci kunye nephunga le-ananas. Ngokwahlulo lwevithamini C, i-berry idlulile kwi-currant emnyama kunye neziqhamo zase-citrus.
I-liana eshukumisayo iyancwisa abalimi bonke unyaka wonke: entwasahlobo ekhanyayo amaqabunga, kwixesha leentyantyambo-ngefumba. Kweminye imimandla ngo-Agasti amahlamvu abe yi-variegated crimson. Ekwindla isityalo sibe ngumbala ogqamile wegolide, ngo-Oktobha amaqabunga ayawa. Isiqithi sifanelekile ukuhlalisa indawo, sisebenza njengomhlobiso obalabalaleyo wocingo, i-lattice, i-gazebo, i-facade yendlu.
Actinidia - iintlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-shrubby actinidia, zihluke ngexesha lezithelo zokuvuthwa, ubukhulu bamajikijolo kunye namahlathi. Into ethandwa kakhulu kwintsimi isithembu kunye nengxabano. Iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwintsimi yaseRashiya ithathwa njengoluhlobo lwe-colomict, apho i-micronin kunye noClara Zetkin ivela khona. Isityalo siyaphawuleka ngokunyamezela kweqabunga, ihlala kwi-45 ° С. Amagqabi e-oval anempahla emangalisayo - iintsuku ezingama-5-10 ngaphambi kokuphalaza, isitya siba mhlophe, size sibe ngombala obomvu. I-Buds ivumba kakuhle, kunye ne-emerald berry, inomlinganiselo omkhulu kunye neyona nto enomdla.
I-argini ka-Actinidia
Ngobunzima buhlala kwindawo ekhokelayo, ukuphakama komdiliya kunokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30. Ubunzima bomthi walo buhluka ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 centimeters. I-Arguta ibonisa kakuhle imithi, ibanika ukubukeka okwangaphandle. Iziqhamo zeendidi ziyinkulu phakathi kwazo zonke izalamane, zifana ne-mini kiwi, i-actinidia yesigqibo ineentyantyambo ezimhlophe. Amajikijolo ayo ephimeni afana nephayinaphu, eluhlaza obumnyama, enamafutha kunye nenyama. Isisindo sesiqhamo si-6 grams, siya kuvuthwa isivuno ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, isiqhamo esisivuthiweyo sinomnandi.
Actinidium Issai
Ukuzithobela umthambo (i-hermaphroditic) i-actinidia, ukutshala nokunyamekela akudingi ukuba kubakho i-subspecies yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini. ULiana ukhula ufikelela kwiimitha ezili-9, ulungele ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30. Isiqithi sineengqungquthela zombala obomdaka obomvu, i-pubescent eneenwele ezimvu. Amagqabi awona mkhulu, ibhotile, ifanki, i-velvety. Ubume beplateshi, ubude buyi-17-25 cm. Izimbali ze-Actinidium ze-Issyi ziyachithwa ngo-Meyi-Juni, zinemibala ye-cream, ifom ye-cup-shape, 2.5-5 cm ububanzi. Phakathi ko-Oktobha kwinqaba kukho izithelo ezimuncu-ezimnandi, ngaphakathi komnquma, ngaphandle ziboshwe ngeenwele ezibomvu.
Actinidia eMpuma Ekude
Iintlobo ezinqabileyo zityalo ziyi-Actinidia, umyezo osempumalanga. Olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Amur gooseberries. Ukusuka kweMpuma Ekude le nkcubeko iye yafika kwigadi zeendlela eziphakathi. Kwindawo enye isiqithi sihluma ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, sinokukhula kwangoko. Unemibala ebomvu, amahlumela akhula ngokukhawuleza. Iintyatyambo zide, i-cylindrical, zinemibala eluhlaza. Bakuthandeka kwaye banomonde, bakhumbuza iinanphale, banesikhumba esincinci. ULiana unobungozi obuphezulu busika. Njengengxenye yomntwana, kukho iresidi yesilinganiso se vithamini C, kuphela kwiinqumlo zenyuka.
Actinidia ipheyinapple
I-dioecious actinidia ye "Inanapple" ithathwa njengeliana ekhula ngokukhawuleza, enye yezona zihamba phambili. Ifikelela ubude beemitha ezili-10, ii-blooms kwiintyatyambo ezimnandi ngoMeyi-Juni. Iziqhamo zikhula zibe ngu-3 cm ububanzi, ziluhlaza okomhlaza obomvu, zithandeka kakuhle nge-acid ehlaziyayo, zikhumbuza i-kiwi kunye nephunga elimnandi le-chinan. Zingadliwa ngephepha, zivuthwe ngo-Oktobha, zihanjiswe kakuhle. Imbewu kumajikijolo amancinci kakhulu, ngokutya akunakuvakalelwa. Kuba i-pollination idinga i-1 yesityalo yesilisa ibe ngowama-6-8 amabhinqa.
Actinidia obomvu
Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga izinto zokuzonwabisa, iindidi ezibomvu zikhangeleka. I-actinidia enjalo kule nkcazo ibonakaliswe kubukho bezinto eziguquguqukayo, kufinyelela ubude bemitha engama-3. Amagqabi anama-elliptical, kunye neenwele ze-pubescent ngezihlandlo, kunye nesicatshulwa esicacileyo. Iintyatyambo ezinamabala amhlophe ekhephu kunye nama-black anthers, eziqokelelwe kumaqela amancinci.
Uluhlu oluphambili lubhobhoza olujikelezayo olubomvu kunye nesikhumba, enomdla omnandi, obunzima obu-5 amagremu. Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo, isityalo sibonakala sihlobisa-njengokungathi iilekese ezibomvu zifakwe phakathi kwamagqabi. Iindidi ezibomvu zibonakaliswa ngubunzima obusika obubusika kunye nokukhawuleza kwexesha. Esi sityalo esithandayo, sithatha i-halo eyingozi kakhulu ekukhuleni kwayo.
Actinidia Jumbo
Iziqhelo zaseNtaliyane kunye neziqhamo ezinkulu, ezimnandi zemizila ye-cylindrical, xa zivuthiwe zifumana umbala ophuzi obomvu. Zingadliwa kunye ne-peel, isivuno sokuvuna ngo-Oktobha. Isityalo sinamandla, sifinyelela ubude beemitha ezili-8, iziqu zihlanganiswe emithini okanye zisasaze emhlabathini, zenze iindidi ezininzi. Iindidi ezinobusika-eziqinileyo, zimelela amaqabunga ukuya kuma-30 ° C, kodwa zifuna indawo ekhuselekile emoyeni. I-jumbo, ngokungafani ne-actinidia hermaphroditic, uhlobo oluthile lwe-dioecious, ngokuba ukubethelwa kweziqhamo kufuna i-pollinator-ubukho bezityalo zesilisa nabesifazana. Bahlala behlala kunye.
Actinidia - landing
Ngoku uthembisa ukuba nesityalo se-actinidia engadini, ukutyalwa kunye nokunyamekela kuqhutywe ngokwe-agrotechnics. Ukuhluthwa kweso sityalo kuhle kakhulu entwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Beka ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lomyezo, kunye neendonga okanye iingcingo, izibhanki, isiteji sokuguqula siya kufuna trellis ukulungisa amagatsha. Indlela yokutshala i-actinidia:
- ububanzi beemingxuma bubungama-70 cm, ubunzulu buyi-50-60 cm, umgama phakathi kweentsika ngu-1.5-2 m;
- ukuya kwinqanaba elisezantsi, uhla lwe-rubble lwe-15 cm;
- kufuneka uququze u-actinidia ngokukhawuleza, ukutshala nokukhathalela udinga umxube womhlaba wegadi kunye ne-10 kg ye-humus, i-200 g ye- superphosphate , i-50 g ye-nitmonium nitrate, i-80 g yeetyuwa yetyuwa;
- xa i-substrate ihlala (kwisiqingatha senyanga), i-hillock evela kumhlaba ovundileyo ngaphandle kokungcola ithululelwa phezu komxube wokuzaliswa, izityalo zityalwe;
- umhlaba uyancipha ngobumnene, isiqithi sinyelwa ngokubanzi ngamanzi amabhakethi amathathu;
- Ingcambu ye-cervix kufuneka ibe sezantsi emva kokutshala;
- Ngethuba lokuqala (iintsuku ezili-14), imbewu ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yokukhanya;
- Umhlaba udibene ne- sawdust okanye i-peat;
- for actinidia, ukutyala kunye noongikazi kuvunyelwe kwaye ekwindla, kuyimfuneko ukuyifezekisa iteknoloji yezolimo ezimbini emva kweveki yokuqala ngaphambi kweqabunga lokuqala. Ngenxa yale njongo, izithombo ezineminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala zifanelekile, abakhulileyo kunzima ukunyamezela i-autumn rooting.
Ukuzaliswa kuka-Actinidia
Isityalo esinyukayo sichaza nje - iipompo, imbewu, ukusika. Indlela yezityalo izakuvelisa iziqhamo iminyaka eyi-3-4. Isityalo, esakhula kwiimbewu, siya kunika amajikijolo okuqala kwiminyaka engama-7. Iindlela eziphambili zokwandisa isenzodia:
- Iifom. Xa ukuqhuma kwentwasahlobo yentwasahlobo kufike ekugqibeleni kwaye kuvela amaqabunga amancinci, uphendu olunamandla lukhethiweyo kwaye i-downpe ephawulwe phantsi. Indawo yokuqhotyoshela idluliselwa ngomhlaba kwizinga le-15 cm kunye ne-sawdust. Umphezulu wokudubula kufuneka uhlale ngaphantsi komhlaba. Umhlaba uphelelwa ngokucwangcisekileyo, ukhula luphela. Ngomnyaka ozayo, izibungu ziyakwazi ukwahlukana ukusuka kwisixokelelwano somama kunye nokugxilwa, usebenzisa i-agrotechnics-indlela yokutshala i-actinidia entwasahlobo.
- Ukusika. Le ndlela ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Iinqununu ziveliswa ngoJuni, amasebe athile enempilo malunga nexesha elide lemitha anqunyulwa. Iiphelo zehlumela ziyancitshiswa emanzini, zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo ama-15 cm kunye nama-internode amabini. Ukutyala kwe-cuttings kwi-greenhouse kwenziwa kwilala. Ehlabathini, isanti ye-humus kunye nomlambo iqaliswa kwisilinganiselo se-2: 2: 1 kunye nesichumisi se-mineral (100 grams nganye kwi-square meter). Isithuba phakathi kwama-specimens si-5 cm, iinjongo eziphezulu kufuneka zibe ngaphezu komhlaba. Umhlaba uzonkcenkceshe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuhluma kwebusika kufuneka unakekelwe - ihlanganiswe ngamagqabi awa, kwaye entwasahlobo ityalwe kwintsimi.
- Imbewu. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuhluma imbewu zithathwe kwisiqhamo, omisiwe. Ngomhla kaDisemba bahlonywe iintsuku ezi-4, bafakwe kwi-kapron yokugcina kunye nebhokisi yentlabathi. Iimbewu zifuna ukunakekelwa - zixutywe ngeveki ukuze zingabuni. NgoJanuwari, ibhokisi yesanti ifakwa efrijini. Ngo-Matshi, idluliselwa kwindawo enokushisa kwe-10-12 ° C, imbewu iyaqhubeka ihlanjululwa kwaye ihlanjwe.
Xa ezinye zazo ziproklyutsya, ingqolowa ityalwe kwiibhotile kunye nomxube wesihlabathi somlambo kunye nomhlaba wezityalo kwisiqhamo se-1.5 cm. Xa amahlumela ama-3-4 avela kumahlumela, amahlumela atyelwa kwindawo yokutya. Ngethuba lokuqala izityalo ziza kutshabalalisa emva kweminyaka engama-3-5, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba zichane ngesondo kunye nokuzityala endaweni engunaphakade.
Actinidia - ukulima nokunyamekela
I-garden actinidia, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela okwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo, isivuno sivelisa ukuya kwi-20 kg yeebhanki ezivela ehlathini. Imigaqo ephambili yokukhulisa isityalo:
- Ukuprintwa. Ngamaqabunga aneminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala ehlotyeni isuswe iphukile, amahlumela angaphantsi kophuhliso kunye namasebe, anxiba isithsaba. I-Liana yenziwa ngohlobo lomgca kunye nemigca egciniweyo. Xa uneminyaka eyi-8-10 ubudala, unyango lwe-actinidia lwenziwa ngokubhekiselele ekutheni izihlahla zihlaziye - ebusika zihambe kuphela kwisitshalo esingama-40 cm.
- Busika. Emva kokuvuna, isityalo simbozwe nge-sawdust kunye ne-fir-tree lapnika kufuphi neengcambu. Abasususi umdiliya ukusuka kwi-trellis.
- Ukukhulula. Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo, umhlaba uqonde ngokucophelela i-podpushivayut ubunzulu obungaphantsi kwe-10 cm, ngononophelo kubalulekile ukuba ungalonakalisi iingcambu ezisezantsi.
I-Actinidia - yokugqoka
Ukulima kwe-actinidia kufaka ukuzalisa isityalo, kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamashishini amatsha, kuphucula ubunzima bebusika. Iifomthi ziziswa ngekwindla emva kokuvuna ngesantya semitha engama-square: 2 kg ye-humus, 40 g ye-superphosphate, i-10 g yeetyuwa ye-potassium. Ngentwasahlobo, phambi kokusila, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufuneka kufake ukongezwa kwe-30 grams ye-nitrogen kunye ne-20 g ye-potassium kunye nama-phosphoric amalungiselelo kumitha nganye.
Actinidia iintyatyambo - ukuthambisa
Ukunyusa i-actinia kwintsimi kuhlanjululwe yindlela yokwehla kwamanzi-ngokunkcenkceshela kusasa nangokuhlwa. Kwimozulu eshushu, iibhakethi zamanzi ezi-6-8 zithululwa phantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwiveki yonke ixesha lokutshala, ukwenzela ukuba i-liana ilahlekelwe ngamaqabunga. Umhlaba uyadingeka ukuze iingcambu zibe zimanzi, kodwa amanzi akufanele agxininise kwi-circle-barrel circle. Kuwuncedo ukutshisa i-substrate kunye ne-10-12 cm ye-sawdust ukugcina umswakama.