I-Chololithiasis yimizimba yokugula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Isifo seGallstone sisithintela ikakhulukazi abasetyhini, kumadoda kubakho amaxesha angama-5-10 amaninzi ngaphantsi. Ukuba isifo sifumaneka ngexesha, unokukrazula izithako kunye nezindlela ezigcinayo. Kwiimeko eziphambili, unyango kuphela luya kunceda.
Amatye kwi-gallbladder - izizathu
Ubume bokubunjwa kwee-concrements alukacaciswanga, kuphela izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko wokuvela kwazo ziyaziwa. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-cholelithiasis inqabile kakhulu kunabantwana, ukukhula kwanda kwandisa ukufikelela kwiminyaka ekhulileyo kunye nokukhula. I-Chololithiasis ngamaxesha angama-5-10 amathuba okuqhubela phambili kubafazi, ngakumbi emva kokuzalwa kwama-2-3 okanye ngaphezulu.
Ezinye izizathu ezikhuselekileyo ezikhupha izigulane:
- ukuxhomekeka ekuzaleni;
- ukutya ukutya okunotye kwiiprotheni zezilwanyana kunye namafutha;
- ukungabikho komntwana osweleyo kunye neempembelelo eziphazamisa ukwenziwa kwe-bile;
- i-pathologies, ehamba kunye nokubola okusebenzayo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi;
- yokuphila;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zesibindi kunye ne-gallbladder;
- ukungabikho kokutya;
- iimeko ezizenzekelayo;
- ukungalingani kwemimoni;
- imisebenzi kwi-tract static tract;
- i- cholesterol ephezulu emzimbeni nakwabanye.
Iintlobo zamatye kwi-gallbladder
Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwezakhiwo eziqinileyo, i-sludge ye-biliary iqala ukuqala. Kuxakeke, kufana ne-putty, bile. Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, i-liquid, iqukethe malunga nama-95% amanzi. I-sludge ye-biliary yenziwa kancane kancane kwi-galllar bladder. Zineendlela ezihlukeneyo, umlo kunye nobukhulu (ukusuka kwintlanzi yentlabathi ukuya kwinkukhu yenkukhu), ngokuxhomekeke kwimizimba yazo. Iintlobo zamatye kwi-bile:
- i-cholesterol;
- kubalwa;
- i-pigmented;
- zixutywe.
Ukwahlulelwa ngesakhiwo:
- i-fibrous;
- i crystalline;
- amorphous;
- lahle.
Ukwahlukana kwama-gallstones kwifomu:
- i-faceted (i-multifaceted);
- spherical;
- enemiqolo;
- i-helical;
- ukuthuthwa kunye nabanye.
Amatye e-cholesterol
Olu hlobo lomncinci luqhelekileyo kunabanye, malunga nama-80% amacala. Amatye anjalo e-bile aquka kakhulu i-cholesterol. Ukongeza, ii-pigment kunye ne-calcium salts (ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-10-15%) zingabandakanywa ekubunjweni kwazo. I-cholesterol ayichitheli ngamanzi nakwezinye izixhobo zamanzi, ngoko ijikeleza ngokubambisana ne-colloidal particles-micelles. Xa iinkqubo zokuxilisa ziphazamisekile, ezi zixhobo zithintela ukuba ziphi i-gallstones ezifakwe kwi-gall bladder. Ekuqaleni bancinci ngobukhulu, njengesiqhamo sesanti, kodwa bakhula ngokukhawuleza, bathambekele ekuhlanganisaneni.
Amatye e-calcareous
Olu hlobo lwenkcazo luyilwe malunga nemvelaphi yeenkqubo ezivuthayo. Amatye e-calcareous kwi-gallbladder-isiphumo sokutshala kwe-calcium usawoti malunga nokuqokelela kweebhaktheriya, iinhlamvu ezincinci ze-cholesterol okanye iiseli ze-epithelial. I-ejenti ekhuselekileyo ye-causative ye-inflammation yi-E. coli. Ngamanye amaxesha amatye e-lime kwi-gallbladder ayakhiwa ngenxa ye-hypercalcemia, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-hyperparathyroidism. Olu luhlobo olunqabileyo kakhulu lomncinci.
Amatye atyebileyo
Isizathu sokubonakala kwesi sahlulo se-deposit iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-hemolytic anemia. Esi sifo sibangela ukuphulwa kwe-bilirubin, okubangelwa ukubunjwa kwamatye atyebileyo kwi-gallbladder. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziphinde ziphinde zenzeke, ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo zee-concrements (i-cholesterol okanye i-calcareous). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amatye kwi-gallbladder akhiwa ngenxa yeenkqubo ezithintekayo. Ukuvutha kungabangela i-cholelithiasis ngokwayo, iibhaktheriya okanye izilonda zentsholongwane.
Mixed Stones
Uhlobo lweekhonkco ezichazwe lukhethiwe kwaye lukhulu ngobukhulu. Amatye amaninzi ahlanganiswe kwi-gallbladder yiphumo lokubeka i-calcium usawoti kwi-cholesterol kunye ne-bilirubin. Ukuba khona kwale ndlela kubonisa ixesha elide lokugula. Unyango olusisigxinayo lwamatye axubekileyo alufaneki ngempumelelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo unyango lubandakanya ukususa ilungu elichaphazelekayo kunye ne-calculi.
Amatye kwi-gallbladder - iimpawu
Phantse i-60-80% yezigulane ezine-cholelithiasis aziveki zibonakaliso zentsholongwane ngexesha le-5-15 yokuqala yokuphuhliswa kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kumanyathelo okuqala akunakwenzeka ukufumana amatye kwi-bile - iimpawu zingekho okanye zenzeke ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zigqithise ngokukhawuleza. Le nto ibangelwa i-stasis yamatye, iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo zivusa kuphela ngexesha lokunyakaza kwimizi.
Ngamanye amaxesha amatye e-gallbladder enza ukuba bazive ngeempawu ezilandelayo zekliniki:
- inambitheka emlonyeni;
- isicefe
- ukuguquka ;
- ukuhlanza nge-bile ;
- ukuphulwa komthetho;
- icterus yolusu kunye namehlo;
- ukubethelwa ngomoya;
- i-malaise;
- ukwanda kancinci kumbindi womzimba;
- amakhanda ahlambulukileyo;
- ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi okanye iintlungu ezibuhlungu kwindawo yesibindi;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwesidlo.
Izigaba ze-cholelithiasis
Ubunzima beempawu zixhomekeke kubude bexesha lokuqhubela phambili kwentsholongwane kunye nobunzima bayo. Izigaba ze-cholelithiasis:
- I-pre-stone. I-bile ibonakala, i-bluary sludge yenziwe. Inokuthi iqulethe iifom ze-calcium kunye ne-bilirubin, i-cholesterol yenyuka.
- I-Asymptomatic. Amatye okuqala akhiwa kwiidle ze-bile kunye ne-bladder. Bambalwa kwaye bancinci, ngoko akukho zibonakaliso zokugula.
- Inkqubela phambili. Iingqungquthela zinkulu kwaye zininzi, umntu uhlala ehlaselwa yi-colic. Kule nqanaba, unako ukususa amatye kwi-bile ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, unyango luqhutyelwa ngeendlela ezilondolozayo.
- Eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Chololithiasis yesigaba esiphezulu, kungenelelo olungenelelo kuphela. Iingqungquthela zizalisa phantse yonke indawo yangaphakathi yelungu.
Isifo seGallstone - ukuxilongwa
Indlela eyona nto yokufumana isifo kukuba wenze i-ultrasound. Ukuba lwenziwa ngugqirha onolwazi, akukho mfuneko yokwenza imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Kwamanye amaxesha, iindlela ezincedisayo zinikezelwa, ezivumela ukuxilonga iziphumo kwi-gallbladder:
- tomography;
- ukubuyisela kwakhona i-pancreatocholangiorentgenography;
- nuclear magnetic resonance.
Amatye kwi-gallbladder - yintoni yokwenza?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwelapha ze-cholelithiasis. Ukukhethwa kwendlela kuxhomekeka kwinto esakhiweyo, inombolo kunye nobungakanani bamatye, aqulethwe ngamatye kwi-gallbladder - iimpawu, unyango luhambelana nesigaba se-pathology. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kweempawu eziphawulweyo zesifo, iyakususwa kwiindlela ezizimeleyo. Ekubeni kubunzima, ukungenelela kokuphaphazelekayo kwangoko kwanyulwe.
Ilitye kwi-gallbladder - unyango ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa
Ukuba akukho klinikhi yomfanekiso, unyango olulondolozayo lukhethwe ngabanye. Inceda ukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo nokukhusela i-cholecystitis eyinkimbinkimbi-unyango lubonelela:
- ukuthobela ukutya;
- ukutya okuchanekileyo;
- ukulinganiswa kwesisindo;
- msebenzi womzimba.
Ngendlela efanayo, umntu kufuneka athathe iziyobisi ezichithe amatye kwi-gallbladder:
- Ursosan ;
- Henofalk;
- Ursofalk;
- Genohol;
- Ursohol;
- Henosan;
- Ursofalk kunye neempawu.
Ngethuba lokubanjelwa (colic), i-regimen efanelekileyo yonyango imiselwe:
- Kulambile, de ukuhlanza kuphelile.
- Ukusebenzisa i-ice okanye i-cold compress kwi-hypochondrium efanelekileyo.
- Uncedo lweentlungu kunye ne-spasmolytics (No-Shpa, Platifillin, Papaverin) kunye nama-analgesics (i-Maxigan, i-Ibuprofen, i-Nimesil).
- Ukufunyanwa kwamagciwane. Zikhethwe kuphela ngugqirha ukuba kukho isifo.
- Ukukhishwa kweDetoxification - Enterosgel, Atoxil.
- Ukukhawuleza kokurhoxiswa kwamanzi kunye nomnxeba we-diuretics (Ureit, uLasix nabanye).
Xa ubukhulu bamatye e-gallbladder abugqithisi ngaphezu kwe-2 cm ububanzi, kwaye izancinci zincinci, ukutshitshiswa kwe-wave thotripsy kunconywa. Le yindlela yokudiliza izakhiwo eziqinileyo ngaphandle, isetyenziswe kuphela ekungabikho kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala. Ukulungiswa, inkontileka yesigungu esichaphazelekayo kufuneka ibe kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ubuncinane i-75%.
Amatye kwi-gallbladder-operation
Ingenelelo yokuphanda kuthiwa yi-cholecystectomy. Yenziwa yindlela yokwenza i-laparoscopic kunye noxinzelelo oluncinane kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuvuselela (ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3). Oku akukona ukususwa kwamatye kwi-bile, kodwa ukukhangeka kwesikhumba esivela kwisibeleko kunye nemigangatho. Ukusebenza komsebenzi onjalo kufinyelela kuma-99%, inkqubo inempumelelo nakwiimeko eziphambili ze-cholelithiasis.
I-Cholecystolithotomy okanye ukususwa kwamatye kwi-gallbladder ngokwahlukileyo, ngokulondolozwa kwelungu, akuvumelekanga. Imizamo yokuphumeza olu khetho lokungenelela ngoncedo luphelile kuma-60. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuyingozi kwaye kuyingozi, kunye nemiphumo emibi. Kamva, kubuya kwakhona, kwaye umntu ufanele enze i-cholecystectomy.
Ukutya kunye namatye kwi-gallbladder
Kuliphi iqela le-cholelithiasis, iqela elibalulekileyo leyeza unyango. Ukuba akukho nto ekhoyo kunye namatye amancinci angama-gallbladder afunyenweyo, unyango luya kulandela ukuthotyelwa kwePevzner # 5. Thatha amaxesha angama-4-6 ngosuku, ngezikhathi eziqhelekileyo. Kwisisu esingenalutho kucetyiswa ukuba uphuze amanzi ahlanzekileyo ahlambulukileyo. Ngethuba le-colic, ukuzila ukudla kwexesha elifutshane kunqunywe ngokutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokutya engu-5a. Ukutya okufanayo kwenziwa xa i-cholecystitis ebalalayo iqhubela phambili ngokuvutha. Isondlo esifanelekileyo kufuneka siphile ngonaphakade.