Iyintoni i-cholesterol, kunye nendlela yokugcina umgangatho wayo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol, kuba kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ingqalelo ehlawulwe kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, umzekelo, eUnited States, kwithuba elithile kwakukho ukungcola ngenxa yale "yingozi". Abantu bakholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yimbangela yezifo zabo zonke. Nangona kunjalo, le nto yincinci yenyani.

Yintoni i-cholesterol egazini?

Ukucacisa oku kuya kunceda intsingiselo yegama elisetyenzisiweyo. Ukususela kumandulo wesiGrike ukuya kwisiRashiya "χολή" - "bile" kunye "στερεός" - "nzima". Ngamanye amazwi, i-lipoplic alcohol. Indima ye-cholesterol emzimbeni womntu inkulu:

Ithatha inxaxheba ekwakheni i-bile, ngaphandle kokuphi ukutya okungagciniweyo.
Inxalenye yeembrane zeseli.
Ithatha inxaxheba kwi-cortisone-ihommone efunekayo ukuze imetabolism efanelekileyo yexabiso .
Iiseli zothutho kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, zibophe izixhobo eziyingozi kwaye zizisuse emzimbeni.
I-cholesterol ibandakanyeka ekuveliseni i- hormone yesondo .

Le nkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, njengamafutha onke, ayinayo into engenawo amanzi. Phantse i-80% ye-cholesterol ikhiqizwa ngumzimba kwaye i-20% kuphela ivela ekudleni okudliwayo. Egazini, le nxalenye yezinto eziphilayo ikhona ngendlela yeepoprotein. Kukho amaqela amaninzi eeprotheni zokuthutha:

isisindo somlinganiselo ophezulu (LPVL);
ubunzima beMelem molecular (LDL);
ubunzima beMelem molecular (VLDL);
i-chylomicron.

Yintoni i-LDL cholesterol?

Kwabantu abaqhelekileyo kuthiwa "kubi." I-70% ye-cholesterol equlethwe kwi-plasma yegazi ibhekisela kwiLDL. Olu xwebhu lubaluleke kakhulu kumzimba, njengoko luqinisekisa ukuba lusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga leepoprostine elincinci ludlulileyo lidlula umgangatho oqhelekileyo, oku sele kuseyingozi. Ngenxa yokungalingani, inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system ingabandezeleka. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol encinci kubantu abalahlwa ukuphuhliswa kwezi zifo.

Iipoproteins zeli qela ziyahlukana ngamanani amancinci. Ububanzi beenxalenye zeeprotheni ezinamafutha zi-18-26 nm. Ngenxa yoko banokungena ngokukhululekile kwi-system ye-vascular system. Xa egazini ukuxinwa kwee-compounds ezidlulileyo kusemgangathweni, bavame ukuqokelela kwi-endothelium ye-capillaries, imithini kunye nemithambo yegazi, eyenza iiplantshi ze-cholesteric. Ukuvavanya umngcipheko wokuphucula i-atherosclerosis kunye nezinye izifo eziyingozi ze-cardiovascular disease, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezizodwa zegazi.

Iyintoni i-cholesterol ye-HDL?

Kwabaninzi kuyaziwa ngokuba "kuhle". Ezi ntlukwano zibhekwa njengento encinci. Ububanzi abudluli kwi-11 nm. Ngokwakheko, isabelo seengonyama sekunxalenye yeprotheni, ngelixa umxholo weoli ungabalulekanga. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu, kuba eli qela lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo. Ii-lipoproteins ezinjalo zihlambulula iinqwelo ze-fat deposits eziqokelelwa kuwo. Ezi ntlukwano zikhanya kakhulu. Bamba i-lipid "udoti" kwaye bayithwala kwi-hepatocytes. Lapha, "inkohliso" iguqulwa ibe ngama-acids acids, kwaye ke iyadityaniswa ngephepha lokutya.

Yintoni i-cholesterol?

Esi sibonakaliso sichaza "iindawo ezilungileyo" kunye "ezimbi". Uxinzelelo lwezinto zombini kufuneka luqheleke. Ixabiso eliphantsi nexabiso eliphezulu liyingozi. Ukungalingani okunjalo kunokubangela ukuba kube nemiphumo emibi. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba isigulane siqonde ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol eyokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ugqirha uya kumnceda ukuba alwe nomsebenzi onzima.

Ukwazi njani izinga le-cholesterol egazini?

Ukumisela ukuxinwa kwento enjalo emzimbeni, i-lipidogram iyalelwe. Igazi elixhamlayo lisetyenziselwa esi sifundo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo, ugqirha uya kuchazela isigulane kungekhona nje kuphela i-cholesterol, kodwa nokuba ingaqhelekanga. Ngxeshanye, bafunda baze baqhathanise ama-indices we-LDL kunye ne-HDL. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ahlole ingozi yokutshintsha kwe-atherosclerotic emzimbeni.

Ngaphambi kokumisela izinga le-cholesterol egazini, isiguli siya kucetyiswa ukuba silungiselele uhlalutyo. Ufanele enze olo lungiso:

Uhlalutyo lunikezwa kusasa ngesisu esingenalutho, ngoko ke isidlo sasekuseni kuya kufuneka sihlehliselwe ixesha elizayo. Ukongeza, emva kwesidlo sokugqibela kufuneka kuthathe ubuncinane iiyure eziyi-10.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubhalwa kweemviwo, ukutya okunamafutha kufuneka kukhutshwe ngaphandle kokutya.
Isiphumo sichaphazelwa ngamachiza athatywayo (ngakumbi i-NSAID, i-omega-3, iivithamini). Ukuba isiguli sigqithisa loo mayeza, kufuneka ixelele ugqirha malunga nayo. Ugqirha uyazi ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol kwaye yintoni echaphazela ngayo la mayeza kwinqanaba lakhe, ngoko ke abanye babo bangacetyiswa ukuba bayeke okwesikhashana.
Isiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokuvavanywa, awukwazi ukutshaya.
Ngaphambi kokungena kwiofisi, apho uphendlo lwegazi luqhutyelwa khona, kufuneka unqabise kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Cholesterol kubantu

Eli qela lombutho libalwe nge-millimoles ngeyure yegazi. Ixabiso elincinci kunye nelona liphezulu limiselwe i-HDL neLDL. Kulo thuba, kukho i-cholesterol egazini lomntu onempilo. Iimiqathango ziyahluka. Ubukhulu babo buxhomekeke kwizinto ezinjalo:

ngesondo;
ubudala.

Cholesterol kubafazi

Kulo lonke ubomi, ukusebenza kwesi sakhiwo se-organic sitshintsha. Ngaloo ndlela, inqanaba le-cholesterol kwintombazana eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala iya kuba ngaphantsi kunowesifazane oneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ebudeni obudala imetabolism ye-metabolism ikhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba i-LDL ayiqokeleli kwimithana yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukho utshintsho kwimvelaphi ye-hormonal emzimbeni womama ozayo. Oku kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwimixholo yeepoprostin kwigazi lomfazi.

Cholesterol kumadoda

Ukujonga ukuba ngaba phakathi kwemida evumelekileyo yinkomba yale nxalenye ye-organic kummeleli wesondo oqinileyo, akunakwenzeka. Fumana iziphumo ezinokwethenjelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngegazi. Umlinganiselo we-cholesterol wamadoda uhluka ngokwexesha elide. Umdala umntu, ophakamileyo ubuninzi beepoprotein.

Cholesterol kubantwana

Amanqanaba aphakamileyo yeepoprostini ayifumanekanga kuphela ekukhuleni. Abantwana nabo banamathela kulo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bazi ukuba imilinganiselo ye-cholesterol ingakanani kumntwana kwaye ukuba inani lenani le-indicator liphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo. Ugqirha uya kubanceda baqonde lo mbuzo. Uya kuchaza ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol kunye nokuhlaziya iziphumo. Ukuba kunyanzelekile, ugqirha uya kumisela unyango lolungiso kumntwana.

Cholesterol ephezulu

Ukuba i-HDL ingaphezu kweqhelekileyo, oku kwimeko ezininzi zijongwa njengesiqhelo, kuba akukho buncinci bokuxinwa kwi-organic compound. Kukholelwa ukuba ii-lipoproteins eziphezulu eziphezulu kwigazi, ezantsi zengozi yezilonda ze-cardiovascular disease. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukungalingani kungabonisa ukuphulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha. Oku kuqhelekileyo xa:

i-hepatitis engapheliyo ;
utywala;
utywala obungapheliyo;
dyslipidemia;
utshintsho olujikelezayo oluqhutyelwa esibindi.

Ukwanda kweLDL kuyingozi enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha bancomela ukuba uthathe i-lipidogram unyaka ngamnye nabani na ofikelele kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, kunye nabantu abagqithiseleyo. Le yingozi kangakanani i-LDL ye-cholesterol yile:

Iyakuchukumisa ukuphuhliswa kwesifo senhliziyo .
Ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ehamba phambili kungenzeka.
Uvelisa utshintsho lwe-atherosclerotic kwi-heart muscle.
Iyabangela ukukhutshwa kwemithambo yegazi, oko kungabangela isifo se-stenosis, i-aneurysm okanye i-thrombosis.
Yiyo imbangela yesifo okanye isifo senhliziyo .

Iimbangela zeGazi ephezulu yeCholesterol

Ukwanda kweepoprostini ezincinci kubangelwa yizinto ezahlukeneyo. Iimbangela zokunyuka kwe-cholesterol zidla rhoqo:

Ukutya okungalinganiyo-ukutya okuthosiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, ukutya okuqukethe amafutha amaninzi (i-baking, i-cream, iichizi ezinzima kunye nokunye).
Ubungqina - umzekelo, i-hypercholesterolemia ingadluliselwa kubazali kubantwana.
Indlela yokuphila yokuphila - inzululwazi iboniswe ukuba i-hypotension ibangela ukuncipha kwe-HDL kunye nokwanda kwe-LDL.
Ukwamkelwa kwezilwanyana ezithile - ukunciphisa i-cholesterol "enhle" inakho i-corticosteroids, i-contraceptive kunye nezinye iziyobisi.
Ukunyaniseka - kuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana zentliziyo.

Ukongeza, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kunokubangelwa zizifo ezinjalo:

isifo sikashukela;
i-anorexia;
ukungasebenzi;
iinkqubo eziqhubekayo kunye nama-gallstones;
I-Cushing's syndrome ;
ingozi yexinzelelo kunye nokunye.

I-cholesterol ephezulu - yintoni oyenzayo?

Ukumisela izinga leepoproteins, amayeza alawo maqela anokumiselwa:

imimiselo (iZokor, Krestor, Lipitor kunye nabanye);
nicotinic acid;
abaququzeleli (i-Cholestan, i-Holestipol);
i-fibrate (i-Clofibrate, Fenofibrate);
izongezelelo zokutya ezinezinto eziphezulu ze-omega-3.

I-cholesterol encinci kunye nokuzivocavoca. Kufuneka kukhethwe ngabanye. Kwezinye izigulane, ukhetho olufanelekileyo luya kuba lixesha lekota. Abanye banokukwazi ukuhamba ngeenyawo kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba ngomsebenzi onjalo, umlinganiselo we-pulse awunyuli ngaphezu kwama-80%. Ukusetyenziswa nokuphefumula. Kunceda ukuzalisa umzimba nge-oksijeni kwaye ulungelelanise iinkqubo zokuxilonga.

Ukongeza, ukwehla kwiLDL kunika ubunzima obuqhelekileyo. Kwabo abo bangapheliyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizondlo zabo: kufuneka ibe nokulinganisela. Udinga amacandelo amancinci kwaye rhoqo. Imenyu ibalulekile ukucebisa ngeemveliso ezinjalo:

iklabishi;
igalikhi;
zesoya;
iipulo;
amantonga;
avocado;
okusanhlamvu kunye nemifuno;
iintlanzi kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle, ezizityebi kwi-omega-3 fatty acids;
chocolatelethi emnyama;
imifuno ebomvu neziqhamo.

Abameli bamachiza athile bayazi nokuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol ephezulu, ngoko bancoma ekulwa nalo ukuba basebenzise izityalo ezinjalo zokwelapha:

dioscreek iCaucasus;
iingcambu zelayisensi;
hawthorn;
blueness bluhlaza;
lipu;
dandelion njalo njalo.

Cholesterol ephantsi

Ukusongela akukona nje ukwanda, kodwa kuncipha kuma-indices of lipoproteins. Le yindlela eyingozi ye-cholesterol ye-HDL yile:

Iyakuchukumisa ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi.
Kuxakile ukukhulelwa kwesisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ubangelwa ukuphulwa kwegazi kwiimpahla zengqondo.
Unokubangela ukungabikho kwempilo kubangelwa ukusilela kwe-hormone yesondo.
Iyakuchukumisa uphuhliso lwe-hypoxia kumntwana kunye ne-hypovitaminosis okanye i-rickets emntwaneni.

I-cholesterol ephantsi kwigazi-ibangela

Ukuba isalathisi se-HDL sincinci kunesiqhelo, oku kubonisa ukuba umzimba unemiqathango enjalo yempilo:

isifo sikashukela;
i-cirrhosis yesibindi;
iinkqubo ezichaphazelayo;
iingxaki kwimisebenzi yeentso;
izifo ze-ecology zesibindi;
hypothyroidism.

Kukho kwakhona i-LDL ye-cholesterol ephantsi. Akuyona ingozi kunokuba uphawu olukhulayo. I-cholesterol ephantsi egazini ijongwa ngezifo ezinjalo:

unemia engapheliyo;
i-arthritis nezinye izifo ezidibeneyo;
sepsis;
myeloma;
Reynaud syndrome .

I-cholesterol ephantsi - yintoni oyenzayo?

Ukuba i-dyslipidemia ibangelwa yi-pathologies yangaphakathi, isalathisi iya kubuyela kwinto eqhelekileyo emva kokuba isigulane sele sigqibelele unyango olumiselweyo. Ukongeza, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol egazini inganyuswa ngokulungisa indlela yobomi. Inqwalaselo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizinto ezinjalo:

Lahla imikhwa emibi. Ukukhutshwa kwe-nicotine nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunokunyusa i-HDL yenkcazelo nge-15%.
Ukulinganisela isisindo - kunye nayo yonke iikhilogram eyongezelelweyo, uxinzelelo kwiinqanawa kunye nentliziyo yesanda ikhula, eyenza ukukhula kweLDL.
Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba - ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukudansa, i-yoga yamkelekile.

Ukuba izinga elincinci le-cholesterol, liphakamise liza kunceda ukutya okunyanga. Ukutya kufuneka kuhambisane nemigaqo elandelayo:

Ukutya kufuneka kube nobutyebi kwifiber - izithelo kunye nemifuno.
Kubalulekile ukuba ikhalori yansuku zonke ihlanganisa iindleko zamandla zomzimba.
Isixa semali esetyenzisiweyo asifanele sidlule i-25% yazo zonke iikhalori ezifunyenweyo ngosuku.
Nsuku zonke kufuneka udle i-bran.
Ukutya kufuneka kube yi-fractional (kwi-5-6 reception).