Umgca wokuqala wokukhusela umzimba ukusuka ekuhlaselweni kwintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, ukushisa kunye nezinye iziphumo ezimbi ziyi-lymphoid tissue kwi-pharynx. Ilibaziseka iiseli ze-pathogenic kunye neengqungquthela ezivuthayo, emva koko zidibene kunye ne-mucus esetshenzisiweyo.
I-Pharyngitis - yintoni esi sifo?
Ukuba i-immunity yendawo ye-pharynx isebenze kakuhle, kwaye isifo sisebenza kakhulu, iimpawu zenkqubo ye-pathological start in tissue lymphoid. Kwimichiza kuthiwa "pharyngitis" - oko kukuthi, kulula ukuyiqonda ukusuka ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesiLatini. I-Pharynx - pharynx, -it (isisombululo) - ukuvutha okunamandla. Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela njengelinye isebe lomzimba (impumlo, umlomo, okanye i-larynx), kunye nangoko konke.
Ngaba i-pharyngitis okanye akunjalo?
I-Pathology inomsindo ngamanyathelo amaninzi, apho kukho izifo. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba kungani i-pharyngitis iqalile - iimpawu kunye nonyango, iindlela zokudlulisela kunye nokuxhamla kweengxaki kuxhomekeke kwizizathu ezibangela ukuba isigulo. Xa inkqubo yokuvuvukala yenza i-start yayo kwimvelaphi ye-hypothermia ye-pharynx okanye i-chemical irritants, isiguli asiyingozi kwabanye. Ukuba eso sifo siphumelele ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-pathogenic, impendulo yombuzo wukuthi ngaba i-pharyngitis isasazekayo. Kwiimeko ezinje, ukutyunjwa kunye nokunyangwa okufanelekileyo kuyadingeka.
I-Pharyngitis - izizathu zesifo
Zonke iimeko ezibangela iimpawu zenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwimizimba ye-lymphoid ye-pharynx yahlula ngamaqela amathathu:
- Ingxaki (i-mechanical) ibangela. I-pathology iqala emva kokunyangwa ngonyango, ukuvezwa komzimba wangaphandle, ukuxiliswa kwe-irradiation, ukuchithwa kwe-acids okanye i-alkali. Ngokuvamile ukuvuvukala kubangelwa ukutshiswa kwefuthe elitshisayo, umoya obandayo, umsi wocuba, i-fumyi yemichiza
- Ii-Pathogenic. Ziqumbisa i-pharyngitis echaphazelekayo-i-virus okanye ibhaktheriya. Okungaqhelekanga yifom ye-mycosis yesifo, iimpawu zayo zibangela i-fungi ye-genida Candida (thrush).
- Izifo zomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha inqubo yokuvuvukala iqala ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba kwimizimba yakhe ye-lymphoid (i-allergies).
I-Viral pharyngitis
Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-pathology echazwe. Ngokwe-uphando olutsha lonyango, isizathu esona sizathu, apho ama-80% amacala achukumisa pharyngitis yintsholongwane. Izifo eziphambili ziyi:
- umkhuhlane;
- rhinovirus;
- i-coronavirus;
- iparagripp ;
- adenoviruses.
Kukho ezinye ii-agents ezipathogenic ezibangela ukuba i-pharyngitis - iimpawu kunye nokonyango lweentlobo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezigulane zentsholongwane zifuna indlela edibeneyo. Inkqubo yokuvuvukala kule meko ibonakala njengenkqubela yesifo esisisiseko:
- i-syncytial virus yokuphefumula;
- i-herpes simplex uhlobo 1 okanye 2;
- Ingxaki yeCoxsackie;
- cytomegalovirus;
- isifo sengculaza somntu;
- enteroviruses;
- i-Epstein-Barr virus.
I-bacterium pharyngitis
Ngobuthathaka bokungakhuselekanga kwendawo okanye abafowunelwa abasondeleyo kunye nomphathi we-microorganisms, i-infections iyenzeka. I-pharyngitis enobugqwetha idla ngokubangela ukuba:
- staphylococci ;
- pneumococci;
- Yersinia;
- streptococci;
- Neisseria.
Kubantu abadala, kusekho iimpawu zeendlela ezikhethekileyo zezi zifo ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezilandelayo:
- mycoplasma;
- gonococci;
- ureaplasma;
- chlamydia.
I-allergenic pharyngitis
Olu hlobo lwesifo luvela kwimvelaphi yokucinezelwa kwe-immune system. Aphantse aqhubekele ekuzimeleleni, okokuqala kukho i-rhinitis ye-allergen-pharyngitis ijoyina iintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko. Le ndlela yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokugula ngokubhekiselele kwonyango, onomdla ongapheliyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala ugqirha kufuneka akufumanise, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho i-pharyngitis - iimpawu kunye nonyango kuxhomekeke kumsunguli wenkqubo yokuvuvukala inxaxheba yiphi indima:
- inambuzane;
- isikhunta kunye nesilwanyana;
- uthuli lomzi;
- iikhemikhali;
- zokutya;
- mayeza;
- ukutshala impova;
- protein yezilwanyana;
- umsi wocuba.
Ukwenzakala kwimeko yesi sifo kungabandakanywa nemiba:
- iziphazamiso zesondlo sesisu;
- isifo seentso;
- imeko engavumelekanga yendalo;
- Umsebenzi wezobugcisa ochaphazela umsebenzi wokukhuseleka;
- ukunyanzelisa umzimba;
- ukungalingani kwe-microflora yeembrane ze-mucous ze-pharynx;
- izifo zenhliziyo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yomzimba kunye neyamaselula.
I-Pharyngitis - iimpawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki wokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx ihambelana nomlo kunye nekhosi ye-pathology. I-acry pharyngitis iye yaveza iimpawu, eziququzelele ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kunye nokwelashwa olulandelayo. Uhlobo olungapheliyo lwesifo alubi kakhulu, kulula ukudideka kunye nezinye izifo zomlomo womlomo. Imiqondiso ibonakaliswe ngokugqithiseleyo kuphela ngexesha lokubuyela kwakhona.
Ubume beenguqu kwiimbrane ze-mucous ze-pharynx ngenye imilinganiselo apho iimpawu zokuvuvukala kunye ne-pharyngitis zihlulwa:
- catarrhal;
- granulosa (i-granulomatous);
- hypertrophic;
- i-atrophic.
Catarrhal pharyngitis
Ifomu evezwayo yokuvuvukala kwimizimba ye-lymphoid ye-pharynx kwiyeza kuthiwa ilula. Umqala we-catarrhal pharyngitis ufumana umbala obomvu, uguqa kwaye ugqubuthe ngabantu abaninzi. Udonga olungasemva lwe-larynx lunokuthi lugxininisa ngendlela yeenqanawa kunye ne-tubercles. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwonyango kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyenza pharyngitis - iimpawu kunye nonyango kuxhomekeke ngokuyinhloko kwi-pathogen ye-inflammation.
Ezinye iimpawu zesifo se-catarrhal:
- ukuphefumula, ukutshisa nokutshaya emqaleni;
- intlungu ebudlelwane phakathi kokugwinya nokutya;
- ngamanye amaxesha - ukushisa komzimba, ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuhlala kuqhelekileyo;
- ukuvakalelwa komzimba wasemzini ngokubanzi;
- ilizwi elidlulayo;
- isidingo sokuhlala ukhwehlela ukucima umqala;
- kaninzi - icombinant rhinitis, conjunctivitis.
Granulosa pharyngitis
Esi sifo esingapheli sibonakaliswe ngamaxesha anzima. I-granulosa pharyngitis engenalwazi - iimpawu:
- ukuxhamla, ukudibanisana kunye neminye ipollicle kwidonga elingemuva lomqala;
- Umbala obomvu obomvu we-pharynx;
- ukugqithiswa kweentloni, kunzima ukukhupha i-sputum;
- izibilini zokukhwehlela okukhulu;
- umva wento yangaphandle emqaleni;
- ilizwi elimnyama;
- ukuphefumula okubi;
- ukutshisa, ukudumala, ukutshaya nokugwinya emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela rhoqo ekuzameni ukususa i-mucus;
- kwanda i-lymph nodes;
- umile emqaleni;
- maxa wambi - ukudibanisa kwe-mucus okanye i-plaque ejikelezayo kwisalathisi sangasemva kwe-larynx;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza;
- ukuwohloka kweentlalo-ntle.
Hypertrophic pharyngitis
Udidi oluchaziweyo lwe-pathology luyafumaneka kwiifom ezi-2. Iyokuqala yi-granulosa ukuvuvukala okuchazwe ngasentla, okwesibini i-lateral hypertrophic pharyngitis. Ubonakaliswa ngokuqina kunye nokuqina kwamathambo e-pharynx ngokuhambelana nokuhlaziywa kwawo okuqhubekayo. Imithwalo ye-lymphatic kunye negazi ikhulisa kakhulu kwaye ivule, kwakha udonga olubanzi lwamaxilongo.
Ukhuhlane kunye ne-pharyngitis lugxininisa, luyomile kwaye lukhuni. Isigulane sibhekene nokubanjwa kwexesha elide, ngexesha apho kukhishwa umculi onzima kunye nobunzima. Umntu uhlala eva "inqwaba" emqaleni, owomileyo, ovuthayo, ovuthayo kunye nokuphefumula. Ezinye iimpawu:
- ukuphefumula kakubi kunye ne-aftertaste xa udla;
- ukwanda kwimilophelo emqaleni;
- utshintshe ilizwi kunye namazwi;
- intloko;
- ukulahleka kwesidlo;
- kulala;
- ngamanye amaxesha - isicupunu, kuze kuhlanza, ngakumbi xa kuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela.
Atrophic pharyngitis
Le fomu yesifo ibonakaliswe ukoma okuninzi kweembrane kunye nokonakalisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kwimizimba ye-pharynx. I-atrophic chronic pharyngitis ihamba kunye nale mpawu:
- I-phlegm eninzi kakhulu emqolo we-pharynx;
- ukuphazamiseka rhoqo emqaleni, umnqweno wokucima umqala wakho;
- ukwakheka kwee-crusts ezomileyo kwi-mucosa;
- ubunzima ngokugwinya ukutya;
- ukuphazamiseka kokutya;
- kunqabile - umqala;
- ukukhwehlela okumile;
- Umbala obomvu obomvu we-larynx kunye ne "lacquered" yemithwalo yegazi kunye nebonakalayo ebonakalayo;
- ukoma okunzulu;
- izifo zokulala;
- ukuphela kweengcamango zephalasali;
- ukuphefumula okubi;
- ukuphaphaza kwe-capillaries emqaleni.
I-Pharyngitis - unyango
Ulwaphulo lokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx ludinga indlela ephuhlisiweyo kunye nedibeneyo, ingakumbi ukuba ivela kwifomu engapheliyo. Indlela yokuphatha i-pharyngitis, i-otolaryngologist ifanele isigqibo ngesiseko sezizathu zokuphuhliswa kwesifo, uhlobo lwalo, indlela yokuphila yesigulane nezinye izinto. Amanyathelo okunyanga okuqala aquka:
- ukwala ukutshaya notywala;
- ukusetyenziswa komgqugquzeli womoya;
- ukuthobela ukutya okumiselweyo;
- ukukhuselwa kwezitho zokuphefumula ezibandayo kunye ne-steam, izixhobo zamakhemikhali, uthuli kunye neentlungu ezifanayo;
- unyango lwezonyango ezihambayo ezivusa inkqubo yokuvuvukala;
- tyelela ii-sanatoriums ezikhethekileyo kunye nee-resorts;
- physiotherapy;
- i-cauterization yesikhumba esandisiweyo (i-hypertrophic type of disease).
Kungcono ukugqoka i-pharyngitis?
Ukuququzelela ukuhlala kakuhle, ukumisa intlungu yesifo kunye nokucocela umlomo womlomo, unyango lwe-antryptic ye-larynx iyimfuneko. Unyango olunzima lwe-pharyngitis lunikeza ukuhlanjululwa kwemihla ngemihla ngesisombululo kunye nomsebenzi we-antimicrobial. Kwiifom eziqingqiweyo zesifo kwaye ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kwesibindi, inkqubo kufuneka ilandelwe nganye iiyure ezimbalwa. Ngaphambi kokuba uphephe i-pharyngitis ngama-rinses, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ne-otolaryngologist malunga namayeza owakhethile. Oogqirha banquma oku kulandelayo:
- Iodinol ;
- Furacilin;
- Rotokan;
- Dioxydin;
- Malawi;
- isaliti yomzimba;
- Chlorophyllipt;
- Miramistin ;
- Romalusan;
- Umhluzi we-chamomile, i-sage okanye i-lemon balm;
- Chlorhexidine;
- Hexoral kunye nezinye.
I-Pharyngitis - iziyobisi unyango
Unyango olusisiseko oluchongiweyo lukhethiweyo kuye ngenxa yesibalo sokuvuvukala kwe-pharynx. Kunokuba uphathe i-pharyngitis:
- I-Antiseptics. Emva kokuhlanjululwa, kucetyiswa ukuba ugcobe umqala ngentlawulo kaLugol, unkcenkceshe ngeCamethon, Olefar, Ingalipt, Orapept namanye amayeza.
- Abaphuli bendawo. Ukuphatha kakubi kwi-larynx kunye nokuququzelela ukugwinya, sisebenzisa i-lozenges, i-lozenges kunye nokulungiselela okufanayo ne-anesthetics-Septotelet, Neo-Angin, i-Pharyngosept, i-Strepsils, i-Hexaliz kunye nabanye.
- Amachiza antimicrobial. I-antibiotics ye-pharyngitis isetyenziselwa kuphela imvelaphi yebhakteria yesifo, imiselwe kuphela ngugqirha emva kokuhlalutya kwe-sputum kunye ne-membrane kunye nokuvavanya ukuvavanya kwamachiza ezincinci kumachiza ahlukeneyo. Ngonyango, zombini i-antimicrobial (i-Bioparox, i-Imudon) kunye ne-agent e-systemic (i- Sumamed , i-Erythromycin, iCefalexin) ingasetyenziswa.
- Antimycotics. I-Fluconazole kunye neentsingiselo zayo ziyimfuneko xa imeko yefungal inkqubo yokuvuvukala. Ukutyunjelwa kwala mayeza kuya kugcinwa yi-otolaryngologist.
- Ama-anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agents. La maqela eziyobisi aqhelekanga asetyenziswa, ngokuba nge-pharyngitis, ubushushu bomzimba buhlala ngaphakathi kwama-37-38 degrees. Kwiimeko ezithile ezibuhlungu kunye nobukho beengxaki zifunwa unyango kunye neParacetamol, i-Nimesil, i-Ibuprofen kunye nemichiza efanayo.
Iziphumo zeParryngitis
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo yesifo esiyihlolisayo yindlela yokuguqula isimo esingapheliyo ngokuphindaphinda. Ngamanye amaxesha kuvela imiphumo eyingozi xa i-pharyngitis ingafumaniswanga ngokungafanelekileyo-iimpawu kunye nokunyanga okunzima okungahambelani nesizathu sobunzima kubangele imeko. Ukungafumaneki kwexesha elide kuthathwa njengezinto eziphambili zokubakho kwezifo ezinzima kakhulu. Iingxaki ze-pharyngitis:
- i-peritonsillar kunye nekhefu le- pharyngeal;
- ukuvuvukala kwetyhubhu yokuphicotha;
- i-tracheitis;
- I-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis;
- otitis media;
- laryngitis;
- i-bronchitis engapheliyo;
- i-rheumatism ye-articular;
- lymphadenitis yomlomo wesibeleko;
- sialadenitis.