I-retinopathy yexesha ibhekisele kwisilonda esinzima se-retina kunye nomzimba onobumba we-eyeball. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sesi sifo kukudakazwa kwegazi kwi-retina ye-eyeballball. Oku kwenzeka ngeengxaki ze-vascular. Kubonakala njengempawu "yomfundi omhlophe". Ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho kwiintsana ezincinci ezingaphambi kwexesha.
Kukho izinto ezinobungozi apho izinga lokuphuhliswa kwe-retinopathy olutsha lukhula ngokukhawuleza.
- umlinganiselo omncinci wokukhula komntwana (emva kweeveki ezingama-32);
- ixesha elide (ngaphezu kweentsuku ezi-3) kunye nomoya ophezulu wokufakelwa kwemiphunga emaphaphu;
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni ngaphezu kweenyanga 1 (ngamanye amagama, ukuhlala ixesha elide kwi-incubator ye-incubator).
- ubunzima obuncinane ekuzalweni (kufika ku-2000 amagremu);
- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubeleka komntwana;
- ubukho naziphi na izifo ezingapheliyo ezikhulayo kumama;
- izifo zengqondo;
- i-hypoxia yobusana;
- kuphuma ngexesha lokubeletha.
I-eyeball ibone iqela kwisibeleko somama. Ukuba umntwana uzalelwa ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, ezinye izigaba zentuthuko zenzeka ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iimeko. Ukukhanya kunye ne-oksijini kuyingozi ekubunjweni kweempahla zokubuyisela. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo.
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-retinopathy kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Elikuqala lixesha elisebenzayo, elihlala lifikelela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Kule nqanaba, utshintsho lwezifo kwiitya zokubuyisela zenzeka.
- Isigaba sesibini senzeka ngexesha elide kunyaka. Ubonisa ukubonakala kweenguqu kwi-vitreous.
- Ixesha lokuphela kwexesha lesithathu libonakaliswa ngokubunjwa kwezikrakra. Ngeli nqanaba (ngethuba lomnyaka wokuqala wobomi), i-retina iyakuthatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngethambo edibeneyo kwaye ilahlekelwe iipropati zayo.
Indlela yokuphatha i-retinopathy?
Unyango lwe-retinopathy yokuqala kwangaphambili unokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukusebenza kweendlela ezizimeleyo ziphantsi. Ngako oko, ukugxilwa kwamaconsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo evithamini kusetyenziswa rhoqo ukugcina iziphumo zokungenelela ngoncedo.
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwesifo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-coagulation (gluing) ye-retina yenziwa. Le nkqubo inokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-nitrojeni okanye i-laser. I-ophthalmologists zanamhlanje zikhetha i-lazerocoagulation, njengoko le nkqubo ingenabuhlungu. Ngoku, ngokungafani ne-cryocoagulation, idlula ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-anesthesia kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa. Ezi ndlela zonyango, njengomgaqo, zibonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu. Ukubunjwa kweetyhubhu ezibomvu kuyayeka kwaye inkqubo ye-pathological retinopathy iyeka.
Kukho ubuchule be-scleroplombing, evumela ukuba kuphuculwe umboniso ngombutho omncinci we-retina. Ukuba akunakwenzeka, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokususa i-vitreous. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy.
Iimpawu ze-retinopathy zokungabi nangoko
Qaphela ukuziphatha kunye nemeko yomntwana kufuneka ibe seminyaka emibili. Ukuba uqaphela le mpawu elandelayo, eli sihlandlo ukudibana nogqirha ngcebiso:
- umntwana akaboni izinto ezikude;
- xa udlala ngamathoyizi, ubabeka kufuphi kakhulu kwamehlo;
- libopha iliso elinye;
- ukubonakala komntwana kuhlahloke ngokukhawuleza;
- ikhula kwaye iqhubele phambili ngokukhawuleza.
Iziphumo zokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha lokuqala
I-Retinopathy kwiintsana ezingasengaphambili zingakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweengxaki ezinzulu. Phakathi kwabo, njengemyopia, astigmatism, strabismus, glaucoma kunye ne-cataract. Umntwana unokuphelelwa ngumntu ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ingxaki ngexesha kwaye ufumane iindlela zokuyicombulula.