Umdlavuza womlenze yi -tumor ebulalayo ephuma kwi-epithelium yamaphaphu ethintekileyo. Inzululwazi yanamhlanje izama ngazo zonke iindlela zokufumana iindlela zokunyanga umdlavuza wamaphaphu, nangona kunjalo, izinga lokufa kwesi sifo namhlanje li-85%.
Isizathu esibalulekileyo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngakwesokudla, kuthathwa njengokutshaya. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwintsimi yocuba igxininisa umthamo omkhulu wezinto ezinobungozi ezichaphazela kakubi iinkqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni womntu kwaye zikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwesisu. Kukho esinye isizathu sesi sifo - umhlaza wesifo somhlaza ngumhlobo wesiphumo sokuphila komntu, isondlo sakhe, imikhwa kunye nezinto ezininzi ezijikelezayo. Ngonyaka kwilizwe lethu ngaphezulu kwama-65 000 amacala omhlaza womphunga abhalisiwe. Ukufa kwale mali kubangelwa i-15% yazo zonke i-cancer. Kwaye, amanqaku amanqaku athi amadoda ayenomdla wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabesifazane.
Iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga
Amanqanaba okuqala omhlaza wemiphunga angenzeka ngaphandle kwempawu. Ngokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, iimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuvela kwidumbu - kwi-bronchus (umdlavuza wompopho oyintloko) okanye kumathishu emiphunga (umgudu wesifo somphunga).
Iimpawu eziphambili zomhlaza womphunga wamanzi zi:
- ukukhwehlela ixesha elide;
- intlungu kwisifuba ngexesha lokuphefumlelwa;
- ukuthoba;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- isifo somphunga rhoqo - i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia.
Ngomdlavuza wesifo somphunga, iimpawu azikho ixesha elide. Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu hlobo lwesifo kwiimvavanyo zakuqala lufunyenwe ngexesha le-X-ray ecwangcisiweyo. Izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngumhlaza wemiphunga - ukukhwehlela, intlungu yesifuba, umkhuhlane, kubonakala kuphela ngokunyuka kwidumbu lesayizi.
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-metastases (i-secondary foci kwinkqubo ye-pathological process) ivele ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubonakala kwazo, kukho iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zomhlaza wamaphaphu - ubunzima ngokugwinya nokuthetha, intlungu kwizitho zesifuba. Oku kubangelwa ukuba i-tumor iqala ukubeka uxinzelelo kwizitho ezisekufuphi eziseduze. Ukubonakala kweemetastases kungabangela ubuhlungu besifo, isikhumba esiluhlaza, utywala, ubuthathaka. Ukuba ufumana esinye sezibonakaliso ezingentla, kufuneka uqale ubize ugqirha wakho.
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo kwisigaba sokuqala kunzima, kuba iziphumo azibonakali ngokugcwele umfanekiso wesifo. Kwisigaba sokuqala, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uphazamiseka ngenxa yempumoniya.
Indlela ephezulu yokufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu yi-X-rays. Ukongeza kwii-ray-rays, ukuxilongwa kweyeza zanamhlanje zenza umhlaza womphunga ngomnxeba we-tomography, i-imagination magontic resonance kunye ne-postitron emission tomography.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuncedisa ukufumana isifo - i-bronchoscopy, i-morphological examination, i-mediastinoscopy.
Iindidi zomhlaza wemiphunga
Oogqirha bahlukanisa eso sifo ngokuhambelana noluhlu lwezifundo zeengcambu zakhe: umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana, iseli encinci, inkulu-cell kunye nomdlavuza. I-squamous cell carcinoma ibonakaliswa ngokukhula okucothayo kwe-tumor kunye nokungabikho kwe-metastase. Umhlaza wesibeleko, nawo, ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ubonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngegazi lomntu. I-cell-cell and small-cells cell cell lung cancer, ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo, ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zimbini zeso sifo ziyinto ebonakalayo kwimbonakalo yokuqala.
Amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga
Ukwahlula izigaba ezilandelayo zomhlaza wemiphunga:
- Isigaba "0" sibonakaliswe ngokuqokelela kweeseli zesisu;
- 1 isigaba. Kukho umthamo wengingqi ukuya kwi-3 cm ngobukhulu;
- 2 isigaba. Isisu asikwazi ukunyuka, kodwa ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kwenzeka;
- 3 kwinqanaba. Ukuxhaphaza kwanda, ukuhluma kwenzeka kumaziko angummelwane.
- kwizigaba ezi-4 zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-tumor ingaba nayiphi na ubungakanani kunye nobukho be-metastasis.
Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphatha umhlaza wamaphaphu:
- Ukuphanda. Ugqirha wenza ukusebenza komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiqumrhu elichaphazelekayo, ngelixa zonke iisensi ze-tumor zisuswe. Ubunzima beli ndlela bukho kwinto yokuba ukuba umsebenzi awuzange ususe ubuncinane i-1% yamaseli omhlaza, eso sifo siya kuqhubeka. Indlela yokugqirha iphumelela kakhulu kumanyathelo okuqala okuphuhliswa kwesifo, kunye nomlinganiselo wesi-4 wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu le ndlela ayiniki isiqinisekiso esiphakamileyo sesiphumo esihle.
- Ukunyanga kwamayeza. Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga uqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwamayeza emisebe.
Ukusebenza kwendlela kuphezulu kakhulu, nangona ininzi yeziphumo ezibi ziyabonwa. - Chemotherapy. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa kunyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ngenxa yolu hlobo, amalungiselelo akhethekileyo aqaliswa emzimbeni wesigulane, okhusela iiseli zomhlaza kwaye, ngelo xesha, akulimazi impilo.
- Kukho neendlela zokwenza unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuthintela nokunyangwa kwesi sifo usebenzisa i-infusions yemifuno ehlukeneyo nobisi. Ukupheka okucetywayo kunyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu kunokufumaneka kwiifom ezizinikezelwe kwesi sihloko.
I-Cancer yisifo apho yonke imihla ibalwa. Ukuba kukho uphawu oluthile lwesifo, kufuneka u tyelele ugqirha ngaphandle kokulibala.