Ihlabathi lethu liyatshintsha, inzululwazi kunye nobuchwephesha abemi, kwaye nanamhlanje umbuzo wendlela yokukhetha ikhamera ayikhathazi nje kuphela iifoto, kodwa nabazali abatsha, abafundi, abatyeleli kunye nabantwana besikolo. Ziziphi iikhamera, zeziphi ezahlukileyo, kunye nento enokuzikhetha kwiinjongo ezithile-kubalulekile ukwazi.
Iindidi zeekhamera
Iindidi zeempawu zeekhamera zanamhlanje ziya kudibanisa nabani na, ngakumbi umqalayo, kwaye phakathi kokuninzi kunzima ukukhetha okufunekayo. Ukuze wenze kube lula kuwe ukuba ufumane indlela yokukhetha ikhamera kwimiba ebanzi, siya kujonga ngeenkcukacha eziphambili zeekhamera kunye nokungafani kwazo.
Isitya se-soap kamera
Izitya ze-Soap zibizwa ngokuba ziinkhamera eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ibhokisi enesepha enhle inokuba yikhamera yentsapho kwaye ibambe ixesha eliqaqambileyo lobomi, ingaba ngumlingane wokuhamba, okukuvumela ukuba ulondoloze impembelelo kumafowuni, kwaye isasetyenziselwa injongo yomsebenzi, xa umgangatho ophezulu wokufotowa awunandaba.
Impawu eziphambili zesitya seekhamera:
- lens
- ekwakhiwe ngeklasi;
- Ukuhlonipha umthamo ukuya kwi-ISO ka-1000;
- I-Optical zoom ukususela kukuphakama kwama-5x;
- iindlela ezininzi ezizenzekelayo, enye indlela okanye iindlela ezimbini zokulungiselela izicwangciso zendlela yokusebenza.
- Ukugcina izithombe kwifom ye JPEG;
- ukurekhoda kwevidiyo;
- bunzima.
Xa ukhetha ukuba yiyiphi ikhamera ilungileyo, kuyafaneleka ukubeka ingqalelo kwiifemu ezinokuvelisa iichungechunge zeesepha, njenge:
- Canon Power Shot;
- Nikon Coolpix;
- Sony Syber Shot;
- Samsung.
IiCamera ultrazoom
Abaninzi baphosisa ngokungekho i-ultrasomes kwi-SLR iikhamera zokuqala kwiklasi, kodwa oku kude kwimeko. Ukucela indlela yokukhetha ikhamera yedijithali, abo bathatha imifanekiso ekude kakhulu bayeke kwi-ultrasounds. Uphawu oluphambili lwezixhobo zeekhamera luyi-zoom enkulu ye-optical, ukusuka kwi-12 ekhompyutheni kwiimodeli ezindala ezilula ukuya kuma-60 kwixesha elininzi namhlanje.
Ukongeza kwimiba ephambili, ukusondeza okubonakalayo, ezi nzuzo zilandelayo zinokubakho kwiintlobo ezibalulekileyo ze-ultramums:
- uyilo olulungileyo kunye nolulungekileyo;
- Ubunzulu obuphezulu be-matrix (eminye imizekelo iyakwazi ukudubula ebumnyameni obuphela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-flash);
- Ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu bezithombe ziphezulu kakhulu kunebhokisi lesepha;
- ezinye iikhamera ziyakwazi ukudubula kwifom ye-RAW, evula amathuba amasha wokuhlela isithombe.
Enye yezinto ezingabalulekanga ezibalulekileyo ze-ultrasound ngumthamo omkhulu wekhamera, onokubangela ukuphazamiseka, kwaye kusekhona i-lens yokumisa, enqongophe kakhulu kumandla. Ii-cameras ultrazuma zikulungele ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana zasendle, iteknoloji, ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukusuka kumgama omde.
Iikhamera ze-Digital SLR
Ukuba phambi kwekhamera ye-SLR yayiyinto yokunethezeka, kwaye kuphela abaqeqeshi begalari yezithombe babenabo, namhlanje banabaninzi kakhulu - kunye nabahambi, nabazali abancinci, kunye nabathandi nje bokuphumla. "I-SLR" zanamhlanje zinemizekelo eyahlukahlukeneyo yesiphina isicelo kunye nekhredithi. Into ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yolu buchule yinkqubo yezibuko, ngenxa yokuba sibona umfanekiso kumtshini wevidiyo. Iikhamera ze Mirror ziyakuvuyela umgangatho wezithombe, ubukhali, ukugcwala kwemibala. Kwaye zikulungele ukusetyenziswa kwaye zinezixhobo ezininzi.
Indlela yokukhetha ikhamera ye-SLR akuyona umbuzo olula, ekubeni ezi ikhamera zahlula kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumatshini ukuya kwizakhono, konke kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yokuba iya kusetyenziswa ngayo. Ikhamera yeklasi efanelekileyo ikhiqizwa yiCanon, i-Nikon, i-Sony, i-Pentax.
Iikhamera ezingenakuso
Ezi iikhamera zesizukulwana esitsha, esakwazi ukuphumelela abalandeli bobabini phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nabaqeqeshi. Ngekhwalithi yokufota, azikho ngaphantsi kweekhamera ezichazwe apha ngasentla kwaye zifumana inzuzo ebalulekileyo - abanalo isibuko esikhulu, umfanekiso kwisifaki sifumana kwifomu yedijithali, ngenxa yokuba ubunzima kunye nobukhulu bekhamera bubuncinane. Le khamera kulula ukuyithatha kunye nohambo, kunye nokuhamba. Iikhamera ezingenasipilisi ezingenakuzibonakalisa zi-Canon, i-Nikon, i-Sony, i- Fujifilm.
Ikhamera yefilimu
Ukucinga ngombuzo wendlela yokukhetha ikhamera, abaninzi banakuyicinga ngolu khetho njengekhamera yefilimu, becingisisa ngekhulu lokugqibela. Kodwa oku akuyinyaniso - le filimu nayo ifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengisi bezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufota. Iifoto ezithathwe yile khamera zihlukile, azikwazi ukuphinda ziphindwe. Iikhamera zanamabhayisikobho zanomxholo wemibala eyahlukileyo, zihlala zilula ngaphezu kweekhamera zedijithali, kunye nee-shades ezikhethekileyo.
Omnye akakwazi ukulahlekelwa yimpembelelo ebalulekileyo yeekhamera zefilimu: ukuthengwa kwefilimu, ukungakwazi ukuguqula isakhelo, nokudalulwa kweemeko ezizodwa zokuphuhliswa kwefilimu kunye nokushicilelwa kweefoto, nangona ngexesha lethu le-studio yezithombe ezikhethekileyo zibandakanya kule nto. Ukufingqa, omnye unokuthi ukuba iikhamera ezinjalo zenzelwe i-amateur-kumntu, iimpawu zabo zibaluleke kakhulu, kunye nomntu onokubaluleka okubalulekileyo.
Ikhamera ngokuphrinta kweso sithuba
Ikhamera enjalo i-godsend yangempela yabathwebuli bezitalato kunye nabathandekayo beefoto kumaphepha. Iyiphi ikhamera yekhamera esheshayo, kwaye isebenza njani? Ikhamera ifaka i-cartridge ekhethekileyo (ikhasethi), equlethe iifayili ezingu-8-10 zephepha lesithombe. Eli phepha linemiqolo embalwa-ifoto, ikhupha kwaye ikhusela. Ngenxa yomhlaba okhethekileyo wephepha, ukukhanya akuwa kwi-matrix, njengakwiikhamera ezichazwe ngentla, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kuyo, kwaye ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa sithola ifoto eprintiweyo.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo zeekhamera zokunyathelisa ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, yindleko ephezulu yokusetyenziswa. I-cassettes yenzelwe iifoto eziyi-8-10, kuxhomekeke kumzekelo, ngoko kufuneka uhlale uthenge. Ukuba awunayo ikhamera entsha, ikhasethi ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyifumana. Olunye ulungeleko olubalulekileyo luphawu lwemifanekiso, nangona iikhompyutri zokuprinta ngokukhawuleza zanamhlanje zokukhwa kweefoto zinokuthelekiswa kuphela nebhokisi lesepha.
Iiprinta zokuqala zezithombe zangekho mveliso zaveliswa yi-Polaroid, eqhubeka ivelisa ikhamera zanamhlanje zijolise ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzileyo. Kwabaninzi, igama elithi Polaroid lifana nekhamera yokuprinta ngokukhawuleza. Enye inqubo enjalo yaqala ukuvelisa iFijifilm eqinile, iphantsi kwexabiso kunye nokuthembeka, kodwa inokutshintshisa imizekelo yamaninzi.
Indlela yokukhetha ikhamera enhle?
Indlela yokukhetha ikhamera kwaye uhlale ujabule ngokuthenga kwakho? Okokuqala, kufuneka sikhethe indlela ikhamera eya kusetyenziswa ngayo - kaninzi kangakanani, phantsi kweyiphi imeko. Khumbula ukuba akusoloko kucebise ukuthenga ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu - kungabi ngumculi wezithombe, ungenakucinga ukuba uyayixabisa izibonelelo zeekhamera ze-SLR zejubane. Ibakala elibaluleke kakhulu phambi kokukhetha ikhamera elungileyo kukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba lezithuthi ozifunayo.
Indlela yokukhetha ikhamera kwintsapho?
Ukubamba ixesha eliqaqambileyo lobomi bentsapho, kunokutya okwaneleyo kweseva yesimanje - ayifuni izakhono ezikhethekileyo nolwazi lwemigangatho. Kuphela kufuneka ukhethe imodeli efunwayo ("I-Portrait", "Landscape", njl.), Kunye nekhamera ngokwayo iya kutshintshela kwiimeko. Kodwa iifoto eziphezulu zeempawu akufanele zilindeleke kwiibhokisi zeekhamera - isepha zilula, kwaye akunakukumangalisa ngeefoto ezikhethekileyo.
Ukuba unomdla waluphi uhlobo lwekhamera lokuzithengela intsapho ukuba ufumane imifanekiso eqaqambileyo engayibalekiyo, impendulo ayinakulinganiswa - kufuneka ibe yiyilitye okanye ikhamera yecala elingenasipili. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, akudingeki ukuba ube yingcali okanye ujonge kakhulu kwiifoto, iindlela ezifanayo ezizenzekelayo ziyakwanela, kodwa ixabiso leekhamera ezinjalo ziphezulu.
Unokukhetha njani ikhamera enhle kwi-amateur?
Awukwazi ukuzibiza nge-photographer, kwaye awuqinisekanga ukuba uya kwenza le nto, kodwa ubugcisa bokufotshwa kweefoto buyakuthanda? Kule meko, ukubuza indlela yokukhetha ikhamera, kufuneka uqaphele kwiinkhamera ze-SLR zamatriki. Makhe siqwalasele ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yeyiphi ikhamera yiklasi lokubambela, kwaye yiyiphi imizekelo ekufuneka inikelelwe yona.
- Nikon D5300 Kit. Izinzuzo zekhamera - i-autofocus ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-matrix ngexabiso elincinci lentsimbi; Iimigodi - idinga ukucoca rhoqo ngothuli, i-autofocus ayisebenzanga ngokuchanekileyo, kwimodi yokurekhoda yevidiyo, ingxolo eninzi.
- I-Canon EOS 100D Kit. Iingenelo - ubuncinci obukhulu kunye nobunzima, ukukhululeka kokuqonda, ubukhulu obuphezulu be-matrix. Iingxaki ziyancipha i-autofocus kunye neengxolo ezininzi.
- Nikon D3300 Kit. Inzuzo ephambili yekhamera yi-prostate ekufundeni, umgangatho omhle womatshini kunye nebhethri enamandla. Iingxaki - ezimbalwa iindlela zokudubula ngokuzenzekelayo.
- I-Canon EOS 1300D Kit. Izibonelelo - izicwangciso ezilula, i-matrix efanelekileyo kunye nexabiso elinokuhlawulekayo, ukungaphumeleli kungabizwa ngenani elincinci leengongoma kunye nokugqithisa kakubi kwimodi yevidiyo.
Unokukhetha njani ikhamera kumfoto wezithombe?
Ukuba uneseshoni kwiseshoni yesithombe, akufanele uqale nge-teknoloji ephakamileyo-mhlawumbi, awuyi kukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izixhobo zayo. Kule meko, kufuneka uqaphele ikhamera ye-SLR yabaqalayo, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe, jonga ukulinganisa kweekhamera zengcali eziphambili:
- Canon EOS 6D. Le yodwa ikhamera egciniweyo epheleleyo, engekho yeklasi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ikhamera ehambelanayo kakhulu ene-full-frame matrix. Iinkqubo - ukugxininisa, ukunikela umbala ophezulu, umsindo ophantsi.
- Nikon D610. Iinjongo eziphambili ziyi-metering ecacileyo, ibhetri enamandla, i-matrix yamanqaku kunye nokurekhoda kwevidiyo kwifomathi epheleleyo.
- I-Sony Alpha ILCA-77M2. Umprosesa wamanje, i-autofocus ngokukhawuleza, ukuveliswa kombala ochanekileyo kunye nengxolo ephantsi - inkcazo emfutshane yekhamera.
Ungakhetha njani ikhamera yobugcisa?
Ikhamera yecandelo lobugcisa ngumgangatho ophezulu wokuba nobukhulu obukhulu kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokuvavanya, iprojector enamandla namhlanje, isivinini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ikhamera zikhulu kwaye zininzi ubunzima, ngoko-khamera kunye nekhamera yeentsapho, akunakwenzeka ukuba zilungele, kodwa uchwepheshe uyazixabisa. Iikhamera zengcali zanamhlanje ziza kubonisa ukulinganisa, eziza kukunceda wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi enye into efanelekileyo kuwe.
- I-Canon EOS 5D Mark IV;
- Canon EOS 5DSR;
- I-Pentax K-1;
- I-Canon EOS 5D Marko III.
Yiyiphi ikhamera yokukhetha ukuhamba?
Ikhamera yomhambi kufuneka ibe neempawu ezibalulekileyo njenge:
- ukukhanya kunye nokuhambelana;
- imifanekiso ephakamileyo;
- ibhetri elungileyo - kungekho rhoqo kwindlela yokuhlawula.
Ukuba unokukwazi ukuphuma lula kuloo meko ngebhetri ekhutshwe ngejaja yokuzimela okanye ngokukhululeka, ibhetri ehlawulweyo, ngoko umbuzo wokukhetha indlela ikhamera yekhamera yekhamera ikhathaze ngakumbi. Akufanele kube yilebhokisi yeesepha - ayiyi kubonisa ubuhle bemvelo okanye izixeko kwimifanekiso. Kufanelekile ukhethe ukhetho lwakho kwiikhamera ezingenakubukrini okanye "izibuko" zokukhanya kwiklasi ye-amateur.
Iikhamera ezingenakulungiselelo zeekhamera ezilungele ukuhamba zi:
- Nikon 1 J5;
- Sony A6000;
- Sony A7 II;
- I-Fujifilm X-M1;
- Panasonic G7;
- I-Olympus OM-D E-M10.