Indlela yokutshala ngokufanelekileyo iikomkom kwiimbewu - iimithetho ezibalulekileyo eziya kuqinisekisa ukuvunwa kakuhle

Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokucoca ngokufanelekileyo ukhukhamba zibe zezityalo, kuba isityalo kufuneka silungiselele ukutshala kwindawo evulekile. Kukho iinkcukacha ezithile malunga nexesha lokutshala, iimpawu zenkqubo kunye kunye nokunyamekela.

Ikhukhamba izithombo - ukukhula ekhaya

Kukho imimiselo malunga nokudalwa kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokutyala imbewu yekhukhamba:

1. Kuphuhliso olufanelekileyo, ukukhanya kubalulekile, ngoko kukufanelekile ukugqiba apho iibhokisi eziza kufakwa khona. Ayifanele achukumiswe yimisebe ngqo yelanga. Ukukhanya kufuneka kufike kwiimbewu kwiiyure eziyi-12. Ukuba oku kungasebenzi, sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa.
2. Ukukhula kweekhukhamba izityalo kubandakanya ukuthatha iqondo lokushisa kunye nomswakama. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwamagqabha, ama-indices kufuneka abe kwizinga le-30 ° C, kwaye emva kokuba ixabiso liye linciphisa ukuya ku-19-22 ° C. Ukutshala kakuhle ukhukhamba, phawula ukuba umoya kufuneka ube mnanzi - kwinqanaba lama-70-80%.

Xa kuhlwayelwa ukhukhamba kwiimbewu?

Ukutyala kwindawo oyifunayo ukuze ufumane izityalo ezinamandla. Isikhathi sokutyala iikomkom zezityalo zixhomekeke apho izityalo ziza kutsalwa khona emva koko.

1. Kuluhlaza. Ukuba ukutsalwa kwezityalo kuya kuqhutywa ngotshani olufudumalayo, kuchanekile ukuhlwayela imbewu phakathi kwebusika, kodwa ukulungiselela ukutsalwa kokutyalwa kwebhanki ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngoFebruwari.
2. Ehlabathini evulekile. Imiyalelo yendlela yokutshala ngokufanelekileyo ukhukhamba zibe yizithombo zibonisa ukuba zibalo zisetyenziselwa ukukhetha umhla wokulima. Ukufika kwisayithi kwenziwa xa umhlaba uphelelwa kwi-15 ° C, kunye nomoya-ukuya kuma-20 ° C. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ixesha ukusuka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo lifanelekileyo. Izithombo ziya kukhula ngama-35-, ama-5-4.5 iiveki, eziya kunceda ukubala ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yekhukhamba yokuhlwayela kwiimbewu

Ukuba usebenzisa imbewu yakho, ngokokuqala kufuneka ukuba i-decontaminated, ibeke isisombululo esinamandla se- potassium permanganate . Emva koko, ukulungiswa kwembewu yamakhukhamba okwenza izityalo kufana nokugcinwa kunye nezinto zokutshala:

1. Okokuqala, hlukanisa imbewu engenanto, apho kwi-1 tbsp. amanzi, qhafaza 1 tsp ityuwa, udibanise udibanise imbewu. Ayinanto yokuthambisa, kwaye kufuneka isuswe.
2. Xa imbewu ikhuni kancane, isuse kwaye uhambe kwiiyure ezili-10 kwifriji, kwaye emva kweeyure ezingama-6 ukuya ku-8 zifudumeze zisondele kufuphi nebhetri.
3. Isigaba sokugqibela sokulungiselela imbewu ukuba sihlanyele kwiimbewu ziyahluma . Ukuze wenze oku ngokufanelekileyo, zibeke phezu kwengubo yengubo okanye ipotton pads, ikhava kunye nokunyusa. Faka kwindawo efudumele kwaye uhlale uqinisekisa ukuba umbobo awumile.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zamakhukhamba

Imbewu yokutyala ingaba kwilizwe elikhethekileyo, elithengiswa kwiivenkile. Kuye kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze kwi-volumewood sawdust efanayo, kodwa i-biohumus ifanele ibe kabini. Unokwenza umxube ofanele wena. Ukubunjwa komhlaba ukulungiselela izithombo zamakhukhamba kubandakanya inxalenye enye ye-turf yomhlaba, i-peat kunye ne-humus, kunye enye i-1/3 inxalenye yesanti yomlambo okanye i-sawyust clayey. Kunconywa ukubeka umlotha wokhuni kumxube obangelwayo, ucinga ukuba iilitha ezili-10 kufuneka zilandele i-1 tbsp, kunye ne-urea kunye ne-nitrofosses.

Indlela yokuhlwayela iikomkom kwiimbewu?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshala imbewu, ngoko kukho into ongakhetha kuyo. Oku kunokwenziwa kwisitya esinye, ukugcina phakathi kwembewu umgama weesentimitha ezimbalwa, kodwa ke uya kufuneka uqhube i-dive elandelayo. Abagadi bezolimo abanolwazi bancoma imbewu yekhukhamba ukuze ivelise iziqwenga zibe zincini kwiikomityi, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okulandelayo kwintlobo ebuthakathaka.

Ukulima kwezityalo zekhukhamba kwiipat peat

Kwiintengiso zeefama zelori ungathengela iikomityi ezikhethekileyo, ezifanele zizaliswe ngomhlaba olungiselelwe, ungabi nanele ngokwaneleyo ukuya kwi-1 cm. Ukutshala kwamakhukhamba kwiipatiti zeepateni zokulungiselela izithombo zingenziwa zimbini kunye nembewu enomileyo.

1. Imbewu eyomileyo kufuneka yomezwe yi-1.5-2 cm, ifafazwe ngomhlaba kwaye ichithwe kancinci. Iibhokhwe zivezwe kwi-pallet kwaye zithela kwi-gun.
2. Ukutshala ngokufanelekileyo imbewu ehluma, i-deep cm 2 cm yenziwe. Phula imbewu apho, ufefe ngehlabathi uze uyisebenzise encinane. Emva koko ucofe ukunkcenkceshela kwisibhamu somthi.
3. Kuzo zombini iimeko, gubungela iimbiza ngefilimu, ukudala i-microclimate. Beka iipellets ekutshiseni, kwaye xa kukho amahlumela, thumela kwindawo eqaqambileyo kwaye ususe ifilimu.
4. Izityalo ziyadluliselwa kwisayithi ngqo kwiipat peats, eziza kusebenza njengesichumiso esongezelelweyo. Jolisa ukuze izitya ziqhubeke ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukukhuphula imbewu yekhukhamba kwiikomityi

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo nekhoyo ezikhoyo zembewu yokutyala, eneempawu zayo. Tyalela iikompo ngakwesokudla:

1. Thatha iikomityi zeplastiki uze usike phantsi kwazo. Beka kwiipllets, uze uzalise iitank nge-prime nutrient.
2. Ukutshala iikomkom kwiikomityi zokutsalwa kuthetha ithamo kwindawo nganye yesitya sembewu emibili ukuya kwi-1.5-2 cm.
3. Emva kokunkcenkceshela, sebenzisa isibhamu sokuphala. Iimpawu ezikufutshane zivala ifilimu kwaye zizithumele kwindawo efudumeleyo, kodwa zingabikho kwimizila eqhelekileyo yelanga.
4. Xa kuvela amahlumela, susa ikhava. Esinye sezimbewu ezikhulayo kwiilazi nganye kufuneka zisuswe, zishiye unamandla. Ukutshala ihluma ezikhulile kwisayithi zenziwa ngotshintsho.

Ukunyamekela izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya

Ukuze uphumelele ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka unakekele kakuhle izityalo. Unonophelo oluphezulu lwezityalo zamakhukhamba emva kokuhluma, okufuneka ukuba kwenziwe ngamanzi afudumeleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungadlulisi amanzi amaninzi, ngaphandle koko iingcambu ziya kubola kwaye ziya kufa. Ixesha lokuthambisa lithethwa ngummandla womhlaba, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe ingqungquthela yomhlaba uze uzame ukuxhuma kuyo ibhola. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, ke ukunkcenkceshela akuyimfuneko, kwaye ukuba umhlaba uyaqhaqhaqhaza, uze uwatye.

Indlela yokutya izithombo zekhukhamba?

Ukuba umhlaba wasetyenziselwa ukutyala kwaye kukho izichumiso eziyimfuneko kuwo, ke ukuchumisa kungagwenywa. Izongezo zinconywa xa amaqabunga ephuzi, ukuhlahlela okanye izithombo akusaba. Ukuchumisa okongezelelweyo kwezityalo zamakhukhamba kunokwenziwa ngesisombululo somlotha, umxube wee-microelements, kunye nokunyuka kwe-mullein okanye i-droppings yeentaka. Kubalulekile emva kokufaka izongezo zokuthulula umhlaba kwisitya.

1. Ngexesha lokuqala izongezo zenziwe emva kokuvela kwebini lamagqabi. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa urea, nitrate kunye ne-superphosphate.
2. Ngexesha elilandelayo, iifomfri zongezwa ngaphambi kokutshala izityalo emhlabeni. Ukwenza oku, khetha i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-superphosphate okanye i-organic.

Ukucoca izithombo zekhukhamba

Xa ufika kumathangi ahlukeneyo, ukukhethwa akukwenziwanga, kwaye kwelinye imeko kuyadingeka xa kubonakala iqela lamacembe. Ukuchaza ukuba ufuna ukuthabatha izithombo zekhukhamba kunye nendlela yokwenza ngokuchanekileyo, qwalasela ezi ngcebiso:

1. Iipaki zenziwa kwiipat okanye iikomityi. Lungisa umxube womhlaba, okhankanywe ngaphambili.
2. Ukufumanisa indlela yokutshala ngokufanelekileyo ukhukhamba kwiimbewu, kufuneka kukhonjiswe ukuba ngaphambi kokukhethwa, izithombo zixutywa, kwaye zikhishwe nge-spatula okanye i-spoon nge-clod encinane yomhlaba. Ukutshintshela kwisitya esilungisiwe, uthele kancane, ufefe ngomhlaba uze ucinezele ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko.

Xa kuhlwayelwa iicucumber izithombo kwindawo evulekile?

Le nkcubeko yemifuno ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye sele ivele emva kweentsuku ezingama-25-27 emva kokuhlwayela. Kuye kwakhankanywa ukuba ukutshala kweekhukhamba kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kwenzeka xa umhlaba uphucula ubuncinane be-15 ° C, kwaye oku kuqale ngoJuni. Kwi-greenhouse, ixesha elifanelekileyo liza kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-Meyi. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba le miqathango ixhomekeke kwingingqi yemozulu. Kunconywa ukuqhuba ukuqina kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala: kuqala, imihla ngemihla, umoya wezityalo, uze uyithumele iiyure eziliqela ukuvula umoya.

Izifo zeekhukhamba zezityalo kunye nezo kunyango

Ukuba imbewu yatsalwa ngokungalunganga okanye iyanamkelwa ithathwa ngamaphutha, ngoko kukho iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Imiyalelo malunga nendlela yokutshala ngokufanelekileyo iikomkom kwiintlobo zibonisa ukuba ukuba imbewu ayifuni, amaqabunga aphendubile, okanye izityalo zimile, ezi zibonakaliso zezifo okanye ukuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana. Ukuba ukunyuswa komswakama kwandiswa, ke ukuphuhliswa kwebala elimhlophe, i-powdery mildew, kunye neengcambu zibonakala zibola. Ukongeza, i-spider mite isasazeka.

1. Ukuba amahlathi aphethe umnqweno omnyama, izityalo kufuneka zitshabalalise. Ukusuka kwesi sifo sembewu yekhukhamba kunokwenzeka ukukhusela iintlobo ezingenakunqandwa ngonyango nge-fungicides ye-antifungal.
2. Ubukho bokubola bubonakala bubuninzi beentlanzi ezibomvu kunye nezimpunga. Ngonyango, iindawo zengxaki zifafazwe ngomlotha kwaye ziyeke ukutyhala.
3. Ukuba kukho amabala amhlophe okanye obomvu kwiimbande, ngoko ke i-powdery mildew, apho bazama khona ukutshisa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngomlotha. Ukongezelela, ukutshala kufuneka kufakwe isisombululo se-sulfur colloidal.
4. Kuzo zonke iindawo zityalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kubonakala ukubola okumhlophe, okubonakalayo kumgca omhlophe. Ngenxa yokulwa, iinxalenye ezonakalisiweyo zifefa nge-lime-lint. Ukongezelela, izityalo ziyahamba kunye kunye nokuyeka ukunisela.
5. Ukuba ubona amanqaku amhlophe kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza, inani lalo lihlala likhula, ngoko li-spider mite. Emva kwithuba elithile, kubonakala intlanethi yesibindi, ukukhwela amaqabunga avela ngasezantsi. Ukujongana nezilwanyana, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba unyango oluchanekileyo nge-insecticide, umzekelo, "iPhytoferm", "Agravertin" okanye "iCarbophos".
6. Ukuhlasela iikomkom, nokuba ngaba zityalwe kakuhle, i-melon aphid, ebonakalayo kwicandelo elincinane lamaqabunga kunye namahlumela. Emva kwexesha, isityalo siqala ukuma. Ukuba izibungu zabonwa, zifanele zihlanjwe zisetyenziswe i-discton disc eyayinamanzi esepha. Xa isilonda sikhulu, unyango lwe-insecticide lwenziwa. Ukutshiza kwenziwa ngokuphindwe kabini kwixesha leentsuku ezintathu.