Nangona kunjalo ukuba iindlela zokuphuhliswa nokusabalaliswa kwesifo sofuba zifundwe kakuhle, kwaye izilungiso zezocwangca zonyango luya kuphuculwa rhoqo, akuzange kwenzeke ukutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo kuze kube ngoku. Ngaphezulu, ngoku kutshanje inani lezigulana landa.
Enye yezinyathelo zokuthintela le ntsholongwane kukukwazisa abantu ngokubhekiselele kwimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kodwa nangendlela i-TB idluliselwa ngayo. Olwazi olunjalo luhlala lukunceda ukuphepha ukhuseleko okanye ukuchonga isifo ekuqaleni.
Ngaba i-TB idluliselwa ngamaconsi?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo esicatshungulwayo sihamba nge-air atmosphere. Usuleleke kwi-bacterium yesifo sofuba, umntu okhwehlelayo uvelisa ama-sputum adibeneyo angama-3,000 ama-pathogenic intonga, ene-radius ye-spray ye-1.5 m.
Ngenye indlela isifo sesifo sofuba sifunyiwe?
I-pathology echazwe yichukunyiswa ngama-74 eentlobo ze-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba. Zonke ziyazinqandwa kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemeko. Ngaloo ndlela, i-bacillus ye-tubercle isenokuhlala isebenza ngaphandle komzimba, ngakumbi kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo.
Kwiindlela zokuhamba kunye neebhentshi, iibhaktheriya zikhona malunga neentsuku ezili-10, phakathi kwamaphepha eencwadi zihlala zisebenza rhoqo ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-90, kunye namanzi ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-5. Zomekile kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, iintambo (ekushiseni kwama-degrees angama-29 ukuya kuma-42) ziyafaneleka ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyi-1.5, kwaye ukuba zichithwe, iibhaktheriya zikhona ukuya kwiminyaka engama-30.
Ukunikezelwa kweengqinisiso ezingentla, akukumangalisi ukuba kukho ezinye iindlela zokudluliswa kwesifo sofuba:
- I-vertically (intrauterine indlela). Iifomu ezingapheliyo zesifo kunye nezilonda ezinzulu ze-mycobacterium, kwakunye nokukhuseleka komzimba kumama ozayo, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuphumeza ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo - ukuhlola i-placenta (okugqibela) emva kokuzalwa komntwana.
- Ukutya kunye neziphuzo. Iimveliso zobisi kunye nenyama yezilwanyana, intlanzi esulelwe isifo sofuba, kubangela ukungena kweentonga ze-pathogenic emzimbeni womntu. Le ngxaki ibaluleke kakhulu xa kuthengwa iimveliso "ukususela ekuqaleni" kwiimakethi zangezinye okanye kwiindawo zokuthengisa ezingagunyaziswanga.
- Ukuqhagamshelana ngqo. Ungagula ngokubanga, usebenzisa izitsha eziqhelekileyo, itilesi, amathoyizi, ilinen yelinen, nayiphi na impahla yekhaya kunye neencwadi. Ukongeza, isifo sesifo sofuba sisasazwa kwizilwanyana ezigulayo - iikati, iibinki zeginea, izinja, i-hamster, iigwane kunye neentaka. Izinambuzane (iimpukane, iindiza) nazo ziba ngabathengisi.
- Eziphilayo. I-Mycobacteria ikhona kwiimfihlo zamalungu omzimba kunye negazi lomntu osulelekileyo, ngoko usulelo luya kwenzeka emva kwesondo olungakhuselekanga, ukunyelwa igazi , ukuhlinzwa okanye ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza ngamanxeba avulekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho iifom ezi-2 zesifo sofuba, apho ubuchule bokusuleleka ngentonga buxhomekeka.
Uhlobo oluvulekileyo lwesifo sofuba sisasazwa njani?
Into eyingozi kakhulu yindlela evulekile yokugula. Ngolu hlobo lwesifo sesifo sofuba, isifo sisasazeka ngabo bonke bangasentla ndlela, kuba i-mycobacteria ye-pathogenic isebenzayo kule meko, ihlala isebenza kakuhle ngaphandle komzimba wesithwala.
Isifo sesifo sofuba sifakwe njani?
Isifo sesifo sofuba asiphelelanga, iintonga azivekanga kwimeko, ziphindaphinda kuphela kwimiphunga yomntu ogulayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, le fomu yesifo ingaqhubela phambili, okubangela ukuba ukukhubazeka kusebenze (kuvulwe).