Ixesha lokuhlambalaza yinkqubo yokuncelisa, ukususela kwisicelo sokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwaye kude kube yilapho ubumbele obisi bokugqibela obunqabileyo bubonakala buvela kwintombi emva kokupheliswa kokutya. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kubantwana kunye nonina. Ukwangoku, iziphakamiso zabagqirha-abanezifo zonyango kukuba ukufuywa kokuqala kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokubeleka. Kulo mzuzwana, akukho ubisi kwintombi yowesifazane, kodwa kukho umbala wokubaluleka kunye nobalulekileyo kubantwana. Xa kukho ubisi kwisifuba (okwenzekayo, njengomthetho, ngomhla wesi-2 emva kokubeleka), umfazi unokungonwabi. Ubusiso bunyuke ngobukhulu, bunzima obunzima, ngamanye amaxesha ubuhlungu.
Emva koko, emva kweeveki ezintathu (ngamanye amaxesha eli xesha lingaqhubeka), kufika ixesha lokutya okuvuthiweyo. Ukuba kuphela iintsana ezisanda kuvela kufuneka zibele imfutshane ngokukhawuleza ukuba zenze i-lactation, ngoko ngeli xesha, umntwana kufuneka atywe ngokufunwa. Nangona amaxesha athile phakathi kokutya kufuneka abe ubuncinane ubuncinane kwieyure ezimbini, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukwandisa ukuya kwiiyure ezine.
Ukunyamekela njani?
Kulo lonke ixesha lokuncelisa, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso kwindlela nganye le nkqubo ithatha ngayo. Umntwana kufuneka aqonde yonke i-areola ecaleni kwenzalo emlonyeni, kungekhona nje ingono ngokwayo. Oku kuya kunceda umama aphephe intlungu aze anciphise "umsebenzi onzima". Kuwumsebenzi, kuba umntwana, ngakumbi ekuqaleni, kufuneka enze umgudu omkhulu "wokukhipha ubisi". Kwakhona, ukuququzelela umsebenzi wakhe nokwandisa ukuphuma kwebisi, unokusihlamba isifuba ngexesha lokusondeza kwisiseko sesifuba. Imizamo yokuyeka ukuncelisa ngexesha lokuvuthwa elivuthiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukuhluleka okanye inkathazo kumfazi (de kube kuqalwe kwesisu).
Ngethuba lexesha lokuvuthwa okuvuthiweyo kulandela ixesha le-involution. Ubuncinane bokuncelisa kunqunywe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuqala kweli xesha. Kwenzeka ngexesha lomntwana iminyaka eyi-1.5 ukuya ku-5,5. Izibonakaliso zokuguqulwa kwamathambo zi:
- Ukondla kuqala ukunikela kakubi kumfazi (ukhulelwe ngokomoya);
- utshintsho lwempilo yowesifazane (amaqanda amaninzi, amazinyo kunye nezipikili zonakaliswa, ukugqabhuka kweengono kubonakala);
- umntwana uqala ukusondeza.
Kulo xesha le nto umntwana elula ukuluhlula kwibele, kwaye abantwana abanjalo abagula ngenxa yesinye inyanga ezintandathu. Ngethuba elifanayo, ingxaki yecala, eyenzeka kwiminyaka eyi-10-11 yobudala bomntwana, akufanele idideke kunye ne-involution.
Ngakanani na ukugqiba njani ukuncelisa?
I-World Health Organisation ibona ukuba ukuncelisa ukubeletha kusemgangathweni ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2. Ukuxiliswa emva kweminyaka emi-2 engafundanga kakuhle kwaye ukubonisa ukuba luncedo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuncelisa emva komnyaka kunenzuzo yintsana. Ubisi ngeli xesha lifumana iipropati ze-colostrum, iqulethe izifo kwaye zithintele ukukhuseleka komntwana, ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye nezifo.
Kukho izizathu zokubangela ukuba umfazi akafuni okanye akanakuqhubeka nokuncelisa xa umntwana ekhula (ukukhathala, imeko yengqondo, njl.). Ukuba kwenziwe isigqibo sokususa umntwana osuswini, kukho imigaqo emininzi ekufuneka ilandelwe kuyo:
- umda wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi asetyenziswa ngumama;
- ukunciphisa ixesha lokunyusa;
- ezemidlalo ezisebenzayo;
- ukungabikho kwamathambo okuvuselela.
Nangona isiphi isigqibo umfazi esenza ngokusondeza umntwana emva konyaka, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ixesha lokuloba liyindawo ebalulekileyo ebomini bomntwana wakhe. Ngoko ke, isigqibo sokuyeka okanye ukuqhubeka sisondlo kufuneka sicingisise kakuhle, kwaye sincike kuphela kwimvakalelo yakho, iingcebiso zegqirha kunye nombuso womntwana, kungekhona kwimibono yabanye kunye nesithethe.