Ukutshatyalaliswa kwimizimba ejikelezileyo kunye neepilisi eziplathiweyo yimbangela yezifo ze-helminthic, kubandakanya i-trichinosis - iimpawu zomntu azibonakalwanga ngokucacileyo. Umphathi we-ntsholongwane akanakukwazi nokuba ihlaselwa yimpethu. Ngokude i-parasite ihlala ingagqithwanga, isifo esiqhubekayo siqhubeka. Kwezinye iimeko, kuvela kwisiphumo esibulalayo.
Ukukhulelwa komntu onesifo se-trichinosis
I-agent causative yesi sifo i-nematode encinci, i-spiral, yincinci, i-thinform, ifumaneka ubude be-0.5-4 mm. I-Trichinella ifumaneka kwizilwanyana zasekhaya (iikati, izinja, ihagu), zasendle (izibhokhwe, izimpungushe, iingcuka), iindonga, izilwanyana zasemanzini. Ukuxhaswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-carrion kubangela ukuba ama-parasites aphume emzimbeni emzimbeni. Phunyezwa ngomlomo, nge-oopopus. I-larva ikhutshwa kwi-capsule, ifakwe kwi-mucosa (intumbo, isisu), ikhula kwiisisombululo ezixhumeneyo, kwaye sele sele ivelise intsha entsha.
Umthombo wentsholongwane yabantu nge-trichinosis ingaba inyama ephekiweyo, equlethe izibungu:
- Ingulube (kubandakanywa isinqumelo kunye nesibhokhwe);
- uphawu;
- inyama ye nutria nezinye izilwanyana;
- i-doggie.
Trichinosis - iimpawu
Xa i-trichinella i-parasite ihlala emzimbeni, iimpawu zomntu azibonakali ngokukhawuleza. Zivalelwa njengokukhula, ukuphuhliswa kwesibindi kunye nokuhamba kwayo emzimbeni. Abantu abadala abakwintombi emathunjini amancinci, ukuvelisa iziqephu ezintsha zeemvumba. Emva kweveki kunye nesiqingatha emva kokusuleleka, u-helminths baqala ukwenza indlela yabo ngegazi. Ukusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, baba yizona zimbangela zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Ubunzima kunye nobukhulu beempawu zixhomekeke kumaphi ama-parasites angena emzimbeni kunye nendlela enamandla ngayo isistim somzimba.
Trichinella - umjikelezo wobomi
Umjikelezo wophuhliso lwe-trichinella uphelela ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwendalo ngaphandle kokuphuma ngaphandle. Umntu ngexesha elifanayo eliphakathi kunye neyokugqibela. Njengomthetho, ekupheleni kokutya kokutya, ngelixa ezinye inyama zamammalia zisetyenziselwa ukutya. Iimpawu zesifo zixhomekeke kwisigaba sokuphuhliswa kwe-trichinella, iimpawu ziyahlula zibe ngamaxesha:
- Isigaba sokungena (ukuhlasela). Iimpawu zibonakaliswe kwisifo se-stool. I-diarrhea ihamba ngokugqithisa, ukutya kunciphisa, isisonguluko, intlungu esiswini. Ukuphelelwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nokugqithisa kwesikhumba.
- Isigaba sokufuduka. Izihluthulelo zihamba kwiiscuphe kunye neempahla. Kubonakala i-edema ecaleni kweentloko zeentloko, ukuvalazela ukukhanya, izihlunu zeso. Iphupha liphukile, umntu uvakalelwa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wenkqubo yokuphefumula kukho ukukhohlela. Ukushisa komzimba kuphakama.
- Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, izibungu zihlala kwiimisipha, zakha i-capsule ezijikeleze kuzo. Iimpawu zixhaswe, kwaye imeko yangaphambili ifana nokuvuvukala phakathi kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngeli xesha kuza kubonisa ukuba umxholo we-eosinophil uyanda.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo - i-eemadi i-edema kunye ne-chymosis, i-fever, i-myalgia-yiphumo lokungabikho komzimba kwi-helminth antigens. Akunakufumaneka kwiintsuku zokuqala okanye kwiiveki zokusuleleka, kodwa banokuphila iminyaka emininzi, behlala emzimbeni womntu. Emva kokufakela izibungu kunye nokuzisusa kwizitho, kunzima ukugcina izigulane. Ngokuyisigxina, isigulane sinokuva ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala.
Izilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo zikaTrinchinella
Izidumbu ze-Trichinella kubantu zingachaphazela zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo. I-Larvae efakwe emzimbeni womninimzi awuhlali kwindawo enye, kodwa uhambe. Batshitshisa isayithi emva kwesiza, bakha i-foci ye-inflammation. Umfanekiso wekliniki wesi sifo ubonakalisa ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile elihlasele i-trichinosis, iimpawu ezibonakala kubantu ziya kubonisa oku. Kukho ukuphefumula okufutshane ukuba iimbungu zingena kwimiphunga, intlungu esiswini - ukuba emathunjini. Kwakhona kwiipasiphala zihlupheke:
- intliziyo (uluhlu lwe-muscular waludonga lwayo);
- i-intercostal, ukuhlafuna, i-deltoid, izihlunu ze-ocular;
- isibindi;
- kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi;
- kwengqondo.
Trichinosis - iingxaki
Ifom ephezulu yesifo singabangela iingxaki, ukuya kwisiphumo esibulalayo (10-35%), xa iimpendulo ze-immunopathological develop, i-pneumonia, myocarditis , i-meningoencephalitis ikhula. Kwamanye amaxesha, ukuhlutha kwesibhambathiso kulungile, nangona i-trichinosis kubantu inika imiphumo emibi, ichaphazela i-airways, i-cardiovascular and nervous systems. Phakathi kweengxaki ezinokwenzeka, izifo ezifana:
- i hepatitis;
- thrombophlebitis;
- OCH;
- glomerulonephritis ;
- i-vasculitis (inkqubo).
Trichinosis - Ukuchonga
Imifanekiso yecliniki eyahlukeneyo, ukufana nezinye izifo (ukutyhefuza, i-nephritis, i-laryngitis, njl.). Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-trichinosis, iimpawu zomntu zimele zizibonakalise. Imiqondiso ephambili ngumkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuvuvukala, okudlulayo kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela. Ukugxeka kobukho emzimbeni we-biochelmintic Kuvuswa kwe-Trichinella yimbali eqokelelwa ngokucophelela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isigulane sichaze ukuba kungekudala sidle inyama yezilwanyana zasendle. Ezinye iindlela zophando:
- vavanyo lwegazi jikelele ;
- u vavanyo;
- zempembelelo;
- uvavanyo lwezinto ezincinci.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Trichinosis
I-Trichinella egazini inokufunyanwa emva kwe-biopsy kunye neemvavanyo zelabhoratri. Oku kunokwenziwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, nangona kungekho zihlalutyo ezikhethekileyo ukuchonga ama-parasites emathunjini. Kakade ngosuku lwesithathu sesi sifo, kukho ukwanda okwenziwe kwigazi le-eosinophils-hypereosinophilia. Ngokudibene nomkhuhlane, kubonakala isifo. Emva kweveki ezi-3, uhlalutyo lunokwenziwa ukufunyanwa kwe-anti-trigenella antigen. Ukuba i-parasite iyaqatshelwa, kubalulekile ukulumkisa i-epidemiologist. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhube isifundo somzimba we-trichinosis (esasetyenziselwa ukutya).
Unyango lwe-trichinosis kubantu
Ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-trichinosis kuqinisekiswa, unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhawuleza. Ukurhoxisa iimbongo ezidalwa kwi-digestive system akulona nzima - kule nkunkuma imiselweyo ye-antihelminthic isetyenziswa. Kodwa izibungu kuma-capsules zinzima ukufikelela kuzo nayiphi na into yokwelapha. Xa i-trichinella ingena emzimbeni, unyango lubandakanya iziyobisi zokunceda impawu:
- ezichasayo;
- antipyretic;
- ukukhuselwa kwesibindi kunye nezinye izitho.
Ngomonakalo omkhulu kwiimisipha, izigulane zithinteka, kwaye ukuze zibuyiselwe kwiimeko zabo eziqhelekileyo, zenza iiseshoni zokusilalisa kunye nezifundo ze-physiotherapy.
Utyando lwempawu luquka ukuthatha:
- i-analgesics yokususwa kweentlungu zesisu;
- iindlovu , ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa;
- antihistamines;
- i-laxative kwangaphambili;
- Amalungiselelo antlmintic for forms intasins (i- Nemozol , i-Mintezol);
- iivithamini.
Prophylaxis ye-trichinosis
Ukukhusela isifo se-trichinosis, umntu kufuneka alandele isondlo sakhe kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana ezifuywayo. Musa ukuvumela ihagu, izinja kunye neekati ukuba zidle inyama ezivela kwiigundane ezinegciwane. Ukuncinywa kokutya kukucetyiswa ukuba kungabandakanywa kwisondlo ngokupheleleyo, kunye nenyama, ukufikelela etafileni, phantsi kokunyanga okutshatyayo. Izibungu ze-parasite ziyafa kwiqondo lokubanda ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-70 kunye nokuqhwala (ngaphantsi kwe -17 degrees kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide kubanda - iiveki ezi-3).
Indlela yokuvavanya inyama ye-trichinosis
Ngaphandle, isiqwenga sesidumbu esine-parasites asihlukanga kwinto eqhelekileyo, sicinga ukuba ukuxinwa kwezibungu ku-200 kwi-1 g. Uvavanyo oluvakalayo lwe-trichinosis lwenziwa kwibhubhoratri usebenzisa i-microscope. Inyama eye yacutshungulwa ibhalwa ngesihlamba. Ukuthintela rhoqo kuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba elikhulu: iRospotrebnadzor ilinda isimo seemveliso kwiindawo zokuthengiswa okusebenzayo (iimarike, izitolo). Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulandelela umgangatho wemfuyo okanye inkomo ehlukanisiweyo.
Trichinosis - inyama yokucima umzimba
Awukwazi ukususa izibungu ezithatha izicubu kunye nezihlunu. Ukufumanisa i-trichinosis kwenyama kubangela ukuba isidumbu sitshise ngokupheleleyo - akusiyo isiko lokubeka umngcipheko impilo yabantu. Kwiifekthi, umkhiwane ongcolileyo awunakuphinda uqhutywe kwaye awungenise isitshixo. Njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela - ukuba akukho ntembelo ekungcoliseni inyama - kufuneka iphekwe okanye idikiwe ixesha elide, iinqununu zibe ziincinci.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-trichinosis yingozi kangakanani, iimpawu zomntu ngokukhawuleza ziza kubonisa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Awukwazi ukuwutyeshela iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokugula. Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso ngokunyamekileyo inyama esetyenzisiweyo, ingakumbi ukuba iphethwe yilwanyana ephilileyo okanye ithengwe kwikarhwebo esekelwe ngokukhawuleza (okokuthi, ayinayo intshutshiso eqinisekisa ukungabikho kwezidumbu).