- Idilesi: I- Pasrujambe Lumajang Regency, i-East Java yase-Indonesia
- Ubukhulu: 3676 m
Enye yeentaba-mlilo eziphezulu kwi siqithi saseJava nguSemeru (Semeru), kuthiwa yi-Muhomeru (Mahameru). Itholakala kwingxenyeni esezantsi yeTanger caldera (ubunzima be-volcanic) kwaye iyasebenza.
Ulwazi jikelele
Ukususela ngo-1818 kwakukho ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic 55, eyahamba kunye nokutshabalalisa okukhulu kunye nokubulawa kwabantu. Ukususela ngo-1967 i-Semer isebenza rhoqo. Ukusuka kuwo amafu e-ash ash kunye nomsi, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Ikhefu lisuka kumzuzu ukuya ku-30. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza kakhulu kwi-crater.
Ukugqithisa kunzima kakhulu kwenzeka ngo-1981, xa iimvula ezinqabileyo zenza umonakalo omkhulu weemvula. Emva kokuzalwa kwabo, abantu abali-152 abavela kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane baye balimala, kwaye i-aboriginal 120 yayingekhoyo. Ngowe-1999, ababini abagibelayo babulawa ngamaqhekeza e-ballistic, kwaye kwinyanga ezili-7 kwaqhuma ukuqhuma, okwabangelwa ukufa kweendiza ezininzi ze-volcanologists.
Inkcazo ye-volcano
Ezi sixhenxe ngenye yeentaba-mlilo eziqhubekileyo kwihlabathi lethu. Igama layo liguqulela ngokuthi "iNtaba eNkulu". Iyona nqanaba ephakamileyo ifinyelela kuma-3676 m ngaphezu kwinqanaba lolwandle, kwaye i-volcano ngokwayo iqulethe i-basalts kunye ne-andesites. Ukufunda imbali ye-geological yale nto yaqala kuphela kwi-XIX leminyaka.
Yakhiwe phantsi kwefuthe leTenger kwaye yenziwa njengemiphumo yehlabathi kunye nokuphuma kwe-magma. I-volcano ineqela elincinci elincinci (i-maars) elizaliswe ngamachibi e-lava. Ubunzulu bobuninzi babo buyi-220 m, ububanzi buhluka ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kuma-650 m.
I-debris iphuma ecaleni kwesixeko saseLimajang. Le ndawo yindawo enabantu abaninzi iyingozi kwimihla ngemihla yokukhukula ngodaka kunye nomlotha.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zokutyelela iSemeru
Ukuphakama kwe-volcano kuqala kwidolophana yaseRanupani (eRanupani). Ukutyelela ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-3-4 kwaye kuxhomekeke kumakhono akho okwenyama. Ngokuqhelekileyo abatyeleli bachitha:
- ukunyuka - iintsuku ezingama-2-3;
- kwintsika - 1 usuku.
Ukukhuphukela phezulu kwintaba ungazimela (khumbula ukuba kukho ithuba lokulahleka) okanye uhamba kunye nesikhokelo. Bonke abakhwelayo kufuneka bafumane imvume ekhethekileyo yokunyuka kwiofisi esemthethweni yeSemer, osekuhlaleni. Apha ungayifumana yonke ingcaciso ebalulekileyo malunga ne-volcano, imephu yendawo kunye nezixhobo:
- iingxowa zokulala;
- ntenteni;
- zokunyamekela;
- iimveliso zokutya;
- iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, njl
Le ndlela ngokwayo ide kwaye ilukhuni. Ikwahlula kwiingxenye ezimbini:
- Ukusuka kwidolophana ukuya kwikampu yaseKalimati (Kalimati), apho ungakwazi ukuphumla, udle kwaye usebenzise ukuphakama, okuyi-2700 m ngaphezu kweqondo lolwandle. Uhambo luthatha malunga neeyure eziyi-8 kwaye luqala ngentambama. Apha uya kubona ichweba elihle kakhulu iRanu Kumbolo, apho kubhukuda khona. Amanzi kwindawo echibini i-crystal ecacileyo, ngoko isetyenziselwa ukupheka nokusela.
- Ukusuka kwinkampu ukuya phezulu kwintaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukunyuka ukusuka kweli nqaku kuqala ngo-23: 00, ukwenzela ukuba abakhenkethi bafumane ukuntwela kokusa kwintlambo. Uhambo lufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-4. Kunobungozi ukujonga kwi-crater, nangona kukhangeleka: unokulimala kakhulu ngamatye ngexesha lokuqhuma.
Iqondo lokushisa lomoya phezulu lingawela phantsi kwe-0 ° C. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunqoba intsaba livela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJulayi. Ukunyuka kwe-volcano yeSemeru kuvunyelwe ngexesha lokunyuka komsebenzi wesistim. Kwiidolophana, iihotele ezincinci zakhiwe, apho ungalinda khona le nkqubo.
Ndingafika njani?
Ukufikelela kwi-Ranupani kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane kunokwenzeka kwi-minibus okanye ngesithuthuthu ngeendlela: Jl. Nasional III okanye uJalan Raya Madiun - Nganjuk / Jl. Raya Madiun - Surabaya.