Imeko apho kuncipha khona embonweni, engakwazi ukulungiswa, ibizwa ngokuba yi-amblyopia okanye iso lithembekileyo. Umcimbi we-amblyopia kubantwana - oko kuyintoni-yendalo kulabo badibene nayo. Esi sifo senzeke kwipesenti ezimbini zabantu. Izibalo zitshilo ukuba i-sibini yesithathu yabantwana abaye baphathwa ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zokwelapha bakwazi ukukrazula iliso elivila.
Yintoni i-eye amblyopia kubantwana?
Isilumko seyesilumko selivi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-amblyopia, sibonakala ngokunyuka okubonakalayo kumbono, okunzima kakhulu ukulungisa ngokuncediswa kweiglasi okanye iilensi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nesifo se-amblyopia kubantwana, yintoni na kwaye kutheni umboniso wehla, kuya kuba luncedo kubo bonke abazali ukuba bakwazi ukuyijonga ngokukhawuleza. Ukunciphisa umbono kunye nobukhali bawo kubangelwa ukungonakaliswa kwamandla okuhlala kwamehlo kunye nokuphulwa kobukhulu bokungafani. Kwaye, kwenzeka ngaphandle kweenguqu ezibonakalayo eziphathekayo kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo.
Esi sifo sinemihlobo emininzi:
- I-amblyopia yokurhola. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Ihla ngenxa yokuncipha kombono ophakathi, kodwa ngokubandakanywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo lwe-optics ekhethekileyo kunyango, ukukhuselwa kwesi sifo kunokuphetshwa.
- Disbinocular. Kuyenzeka ngenxa ye-strabismus kwaye ngokucacileyo ukuphambuka kweso lebhoko, ngokukhawuleza umbono lowo uwela.
- Hysterical. Njengoko igama libonisa, lenzeke kubantwana abanomlutha we-neuralgic nokugula kwengqondo . Kubantwana abanjalo, ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kunokushukunyiswa yinkohlakalo yokoyika.
- Ezixubileyo. Kule fomu, ezininzi iintlobo ze-amblyopia zingaxutywa.
Iliso elinesilumko kubantwana - izizathu
Ukuba ucinga zonke izizathu ezibangelwa yi-amblyopia, kufuneka uqale uqaphele iqela elijongene nobungozi ekuphuhlisweni kwesilonda sesilumko selivi:
- ukuguqulwa kwangaphambili kunye ne- retinopathy yokuqala kwangaphambili ;
- Ukukhubazeka kweCerebral;
- ukulahlwa kwengqondo;
- ububele (ukuba kwimbali yentsapho kwakukho iimeko zecataract, strabismus, amblyopia, isometropia, i-anisometropia).
U-Amblyopia kubantwana - yintoni na kwaye kutheni kuvela, kuya kunceda ukuqonda izizathu eziphambili:
- umahluko ngobukhulu beso liso;
- ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwi-retina yamehlo (ingaba neminatha, i-cataracts, utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwilensi);
- Ukuphakama kwamanye amehlo;
- i-strabismus;
- i-corneal opacity;
- Umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu we-astigmatism wesiso elinye.
Iziganga ze-amblyopia kubantwana
Iliso elinesilonda kubantwana, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokulahlekelwa kombono, lihlulwe ngama-degree:
- Ubuthakathaka obunobuthathaka obubonakalayo 0.8 - 0.4;
- umgangatho wesibonakaliso -3% -2;
- ubuqhetseba obubonakalayo 0,1 - 0,05;
- Ubuncwane obubonakalayo bukhulu kunama-0.04.
U-Amblyopia kubantwana - unyango
Umbuzo wukuthi unako ukuphilisa i-amblyopia kumntwana, abazali beintsana bayacelwa kwaye oku kuyaqondakala, kuba inkolelo ezininzi zijikeleza esi sifo kwaye kunzima ukuhlukanisa inyaniso kunye neengcamango. U-Amblyopia kubantwana kunye nokuba yintoni, siyiqwalasele, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba uphathwa ngcono kangangoko ngaphambili esi sifo sifumaneka. Ingxaki kukuba umntwana akayazi indlela awafanele abone ngayo ekuzalweni, ngoko akulula ukuchonga isigulo kwizigaba zokuqala, kuba izikhalazo malunga nombono ongekhoyo azifihli.
Ukuzivocavoca kweso elithembekileyo
Ngombulelo kwezobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo, ngaphandle kokuba izenzo ezicetywayo ziya kwenziwa rhoqo. Kungcono ukuba ukuzisebenzisa nge-amblyopia kubantwana kwikhomputha kuya kuhlala kusondele, kuba ukubukela iividiyo kwi-intanethi kwenza umsebenzi uxhomeke kwi-Intanethi, engavumelekanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukunyangwa kwe-amblyopia kubantwana ekhaya kufuneka kwenziwe ngale ndlela phantsi kolawulo lwabantu abadala.
Amaphuzu kubantwana abane-amblyopia
Ukuba ufumene "iso lithembekileyo," unyango lufanele lube luncedo ngangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko kuya kuba luncedo ukucela iingcebiso kumnye oyingcali ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ezipheleleyo. Phakathi kwabazali kukho uluvo lokuba isifo sesilumko sevila asifuni ukuba sigqoke iiglasi, abaninzi banokungabaza ukukwazi ukwenza loo ndlela. Kuthe malunga nokupakisha kwelinye isohlo kweso, elibona libi nakakhulu. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba iliso "livila" lisebenze.
Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kubantwana abane-amblyopia
Ukucela indlela yokuphatha iliso elivila, kufuneka umntu azi ukuba ii-lens zoqhagamshelwano zisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi ukulungisa umboniso kunezibuko. Into ephambili kukuba iilensi zikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongezelela ekuphuculeni umbono, iilensi zinikeza ithuba lokungazibambi ekuhambeni, ezemidlalo, echibini lokubhukuda njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuyeka ukukhetha kwii-lens zokudibanisa, kufuneka uqhelanise uluhlu lweengqinisiso ekusebenziseni kwazo:
- ubukho beenkqubo ezivuthayo emehlweni;
- utywala;
- i glaucoma ;
- izifo zezixhobo ezibethekileyo;
- ukuhluthwa kwelensi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hardware ye-amblyopia kubantwana
Amachiza anamhlanje asebenzisa ngempumelelo izixhobo zokunyanga kwe-amblyopia kubantwana. Kukho iiklinikhi ezininzi kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo okuvuselela anikezela iindlela ezintsha. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngokwakho kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuba yingcali, ngoko kukulungele ukufuna uncedo logqirha oqeqeshiwe. Kwaye kungcono ukuba lo ugqirha akanomdla kumntu ukuba aqiniseke ngokunyaniseka kwendlela yakhe.
Sincoma ukuba sicinge ngamacandelo amaninzi kunye nezixhobo ezidumileyo kwaye ziba nolwazi oluhle phakathi kwabo bafumana unyango lwabo ngoncedo lwabo.
- Synoptophor. Izixhobo ziqeqesha ukuhamba kwamehlo. I-Essence - iliso elinye liboniswa, umzekelo, isikwere, kunye nesinye isitifiketi - umsebenzi womntwana ukuphawula inkethi kwisikwere. Oku kunceda ukudibanisa i-axxes eye kunye nokuqeqesha imisipha yeso.
- "I-Brook Brook". Uqeqesha indlela yokuhlala ngeendlela zempawu ezihamba kunye ne-algorithm ethile, ize ifike, okanye ihambe.
- Ambliopanorama. Isixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukususela kwintshukumo yokuphatha iliso elilivila ngendlela yeendawo ezibonakala ziphosakeleyo.
- "Izixhobo zeCascade." Ingundoqo kukuba uqeqesho lweendawo zokuhlala ngoncedo lwe-optics yeeyeso ngoncedo lwemibala engummiselo, olutshintsho ngokwemigangatho ethile ye-algorithm.
- "Apparatus Mirage." Idalwe ukuveliswa kombono we-binocular kunye nesitshixo sayo kukuba isigulane sihlangene nomfanekiso omnye, siboniswe emva kwesinye.
U-Amblyopia - utyando lwabantwana
Iliso elinesilumkiso kubantwana, unyango lwabo lugqitywe ngumcebisi, alisoloko lunikeza umphumo oyifunayo, kwaye umbono awuwaxhasi. Oku ekugqibeleni kukukhokelela ekukhubazekeni ngenxa yokulahleka okukhulu kombono. Indlela ephezulu yokunyanga ngongenelelo lophuhliso kunye nelaser. Isilumko seyesilumko sezilwanyana kubantwana kwimeko ye-anisometropia inokupheliswa yilungiso lwe-laser. Kunoko, phelisa imbangela ebalulekileyo yoko kwenzekayo. Emva koko, unyango olulondoloziweyo lubekwe phantsi kolawulo lwe-ophthalmologist.