Inendima enkulu ebantwini iimbotyi, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo yezityalo ezingathembekiyo-ithuba elihle kakhulu lokwenza izitokisini zokutya okuphezulu-khalori, kungekho ngaphantsi kwexabiso kwizinto ezidliwayo. Ukulima kwesi siqhelo kuwumsebenzi obalulekileyo, ufumana ubhontshisi obumnandi, kwaye uzalise igadi kunye ne-nitrogen.
Indlela yokulungiselela ubhontshisi bokutshala?
Cishe zonke izityalo zithanda umhlabathi okhanyayo kunye nomhlaba onobuncwane obuthatyathwayo okanye obuthile. Kwimihlaba enepesenti enkulu yobumba kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ezi zityalo zikhula kakuhle. Imithombo engafanele ixutywe ngamalungiselelo e-nitrogen-potassium phosphate, kodwa kulo mzekelo kunqweneleka ukuba uqaphele. I-nitrojeni eyongeziweyo ibangela ukukhula kobutyebi obuhlaza kukungcolisa isityalo. Abaqalayo bayabuzwa ngemibuzo, nokuba kuyimfuneko ukucwina iiembotyi ngaphambi kokutshala, apho iiembotyi azifanelekanga ukuhlwayela, ngoko siya kubhala iinqanaba eziphambili zomsebenzi wokulungiselela.
Ukulungiselela ubhontshisi bokutyala:
- Ukuhluma, ubhontshisi obonakaliswe ngabagayi, iimbewu ezingekho phantsi kwemigangatho enikeziweyo, kunye nezinto ezigulayo azifanelekanga.
- Ukugxotha iimbotyi ngaphambi kokutshala nokushiya kwindawo evulekile, siphuthuma kakhulu ukubonakala kweentsholongwane. Iibhontshisi zifakwa emanzini atyhidiweyo ngobusuku obunye (ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-15).
- Ngomhla wokuhlwayela, unokucwangcisa ubhontshisi kunye ne-microfertilizers kunye ne-boric acid. Thatha i-2 g ye-ammonium molybdate kunye ne-2 g ye-boric acid, uyichithe ibhakethi yamanzi kwaye ushushu usebenzise umbane kwi-40 ° C. Kwilungiselelo elifunyenwe silenza imbewu emva kwemizuzu emi-5 ngethuba lokutshala. Yintoni efanelekileyo malunga neembotyi ezilungiselelwe kulolu hlobo kukutshala kunye nokunyamekelwa kweembotyi eziphawulweyo kwindawo evulekile kunceda ukulwa nezilwanyana kunye nokwandisa izinga lokusinda kwezihluma.
Ukutshala iiembotyi kwindawo evulekile
Iintlobo zeli qela zihlulwe zibe zinyango kunye neentaba, kuxhomekeke kule nto, ukutshala iimbotyi kwintwasahlobo kwindawo evulekile kunye nokunyamekela isityalo kunokungafani. Iifom ze-Shrub zikhula zibe yi-0.4-0.6 m ukuphakama. Zifanelekile iindlela zokulima, ukuthobeka. Iintlobo zeengqungquthela zokukhula kwamandla zifana nezidiliya, izibetho zikhula ngaphezu kwe-2 m kwaye zidinga i-garter kwi-trellis. Iimbotyi ezinkulu zeVigna zikhulu ngobukhulu, kwaye iipods ukuya kwi-50 cm ubude zikhula kwiimitha ezi-5 eziphezulu.
Ukutshala iiembotyi kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu
Kwimeko, indlela yokutshala iimbotyi kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu, kufuneka uqikelele ukunyamezela kweqabunga kwesi sityalo. Ihluma evela kuye ibonakala ngosuku lwesihlanu kunye neqabunga elincinci linokutshabalalisa iziqhamo zomsebenzi onzima. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokukhula buvela ku-20 ° C ukuya kwi-25 ° C. Yintoni enempembelelo embi kubhontshisi - ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo kwimozulu ebanda, kunye nokusongela ukupholisa kunqweneleka ukumboza amahlumela amancinci nge-agrofiber. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokubeka imbewu embhedeni, umhlaba uhlanganiswe kunye neziqhamo ezigadileyo zegadi ukugcina umswakama nokuphucula ukuhluma.
Ukutyala izithombo zeembotyi ezinambini kwindawo evulekile
Le ndlela isetyenziselwa kwimimandla ekumntla kunye nokulima kweentlobo ezidlulileyo, ukutshala okufanelekileyo kweembotyi kwindlela yokuhluma incedisa ukufumana izivuno zakuqala kwezityalo. Ukuhlwayela kwenziwa ngeembotyi ezivuyiweyo emva kokungena kwiipotini iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi kwexesha lokulima lokucwangcisa kwindawo evulekile. Ngexesha lokuhluma, izityalo zigcinwa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ngo-23-25 ° C, ngaphambi kokuba zityalwe kwiibhedi, ukushisa kuncitshiswa ku-16 ° C. Ehlabathini evulekileyo sidlulisela amahlumela aqingqiweyo emva kokuqala kokushisa okuzinzile, ukubeka emhlabathini 3cm ngaphantsi kwezinto ababeziphethe kuzo.
Ubunzulu bokutsalwa kwebhontshisi
Ukubeka uluhlu lwemithetho ephambili yokutya iimbotyi, awukwazi ukuphosakela into ebalulekileyo njengoko ubunzima beembotyi zizinye emhlabeni. Inokuxhomekeka kwisakhiwo kunye nomswakama womhlaba embhedeni, imeko zemozulu. Eyona nto inokukhetha ukutshala imbewu yebhontshisi kwi-4-5 cm enzulu. Ukuba intwasahlobo ishushu kwaye umhlaba owomileyo, ke imbewu inomgama ukuya kumhlaba iyanda malunga no-7 cm.
Ukutyala umgama weembotyi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshala iiimbotyi kwindawo evulekile. Izilwanyana ezide zihlala zihlala kufuphi nomcingo, kufuphi neendonga, kufuphi nemithi kunye nezityalo eziphezulu. Kwizintlu zibeka iibhontshisi ezi-5-7, ngokungabikho kwemithombo yendalo yokudibanisa izityalo zakha i-trellis okanye i-clog izitshixo. Kwiibhedi ezinkulu ezininzi ezikhulayo zeembotyi zikhulile ngemigca. Phakathi kwamahlathi xa utyalo kwindawo evulekile ushiye kwi-cm cm ye-space, phakathi kwemigca esinokuyigcina umgama we-40 cm.
Imiqathango yokutyala iimbotyi kwindawo evulekile
Amahlumela amancinane amabhontshisi ayafa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo eziphantsi kwe-1 ° C, kunye nezihlahla ezinama-pod ezingapheliyo ziyakwazi ukunyamezela i-autumn frosts ukuya kwi-4 ° C. Kwimiba yokutshala ibhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile, umntu akafanele avumele ukukhawuleza. Abalimi bezityalo abathandayo abatshatyalaliswayo bahlwayelwa emva kokugqithisa usongelo lokubanda kwentwasahlobo. Kwiimimandla eyahlukileyo ngeli xesha alifani, ngoko siyakukhokelwa ngumbono wemozulu kunye neemeko zengingqi. E-Ukraine nasezantsi kwimimandla yaseRashiya, ukuhlwayela imisebenzi kwenziwa kwiphepha lika-Apreli ukuya kwisiqingatha sokuqala seMeyi.
Ukunyamekelwa kweembotyi
Akukho bunzima ekunakekeleni ubhontshisi, zonke iimpawu zokukhula ziyancitshiswa ekususweni kwokhula ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukukhutshwa komhlaba, ukuthambisa nokutshiza izityalo. Ukuba unqwenela, kunokwenzeka ukuvuselela i-branch of the bushes, ukuxubusha iingcebiso zesitshixo. Ukuphakama kwenqwelomoya kwenza i-bean bush stable, inceda ukugcina umswakama. Ukukhishwa kokuqala komhlaba kwenziwa xa amahlumela afinyelela ukuphakama kwe-1 cm, sivelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuya kuma-6 ukhulula ngexesha ngalinye kuze kube yilapho imigqa isondele ngokupheleleyo.
Ukugqwesa phezulu kweembotyi kwiimbumba ezivulekileyo
Kwimibuzo embi, indlela yokukhulisa iimbotyi ensimini, kufuneka uqaphele ngokutya. I-nitrogen eyongeziweyo kwinkathalo ibangela ukukhula okuqinileyo kwamahlamvu kunye nokunciphisa ukubunjwa kweepods. Ekubeni, umquba usasazeka kwiibhedi kunye nokulungiselela ama-potassium-phosphoric. Ngentwasahlobo, izichumisi azikwazi ukuqaliswa emva kweentsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokutyala. Kwimitha yesikwere iibhedi zinikezelwa kwi-8 kg ye-compost, 20 g ye-superphosphate kunye nama-25 g we-fertilizer potassium. Xa kuvela amahlumela, yongeza kwi-40 g ye-superphosphate uze ufike kwi-15 g yeetyuwa ye-potassium. Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kweepods, ungazibamba ngokutshiza nge-ash ash.
Ukukhula kweembotyi kwiindawo ezivulekileyo
Ukuze isivuno seembotyi, iimeko ezikhulayo zidlala indima enkulu, ukunyuka kwamanzi kukukhokelela ekukhuleni kwamagqabantshintshi, kwaye ekomeni kwehla i-ovary. Ebushushu kuze kubekho ukubonakala kwee-buds zokuqala, iibhedi zihambelana namaxabiso athathileyo ngeveki. Inani lemali lithembela kwimozulu kunye nesakhiwo somhlaba, okwaneleyo ukuya kwi-20 l / m 2 ngeveki. Kwiintsuku ezi-7 ngaphambi kokuphalaza, ukucwiliswa kumisiwe, ngaphandle kwexesha elide lemoya. Emva kokubonakala kweepods zokuqala, sisela amanzi ukutsalwa kweembotyi kwindawo evulekile kunye nesantya esezantsi, singavumeli ukutywa okupheleleyo kwebhedi kwinkathalo.
Izifo kunye neentlobo zeembotyi
Le nkcubeko ineenambuzane nezifo ezinokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno seembotyi. Izifo zeBean kunye nokulawula ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kubo bonke abalimi bemifuno. Xa kufakwa i-yellowing yamacwecwe amaqabunga, ukubonakala kweendawo ezingaqondakaliyo, ubukho beembotyi eziwonakele, sinokuthetha ngokukhuselwa kwesiza ngeefungi okanye ezinambuzane ezinobungozi. Kubalulekile ukukhupha izinto ezininzi ezisongelo, ekufuneka zinike ingqwalasela ephambili xa zikhula emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Anthracnose. Esi sifo kubangelwa ukubunjwa kwamabala adibeneyo, uhlobo oluthile olubomvu lwesisu, ukuluhlaza kunye nokufa kwamaqabunga. Iipods zitshintsha ukuma, zihlanganiswe ngeplate ecocekileyo, izilonda.
- Umzobo onobuntsholongwane weembotyi. Usulelo lweengweba luhamba, amaqabunga anesi sifo sitshintsha umbala, abe yi-variegated, wrinkled. Xa kuvunwa ngobhontshisi be-mosaic, xa ukhula kwindawo evulekile, ikhula kakuhle, ilahla emva kwabamelwane bayo, ukuveliswa kwemifuno kuyancipha.
- Ukubola okumhlophe kweembotyi. Xa isifo sibona ukuthotywa kweempawu kunye namaqabunga, utshintsho kwimbala yabo. Izityalo ezichaphazelekayo zibola kwaye zife.
- Isifo sogonyamelo samabhontshisi . Ekunyamekelweni kwangaphandle, le ntsholongwane eyingozi isoloko ifunyanwa, ekhokelela ekufeni kwepesenti enkulu yokutshala. Ekuqaleni isambatho esimhlophe senziwa, ngoko ubukhulu obomvu bujika buhlaza kwaye buba.
Ukukhusela kunye nokukhuselwa kwezifo zebhontshisi:
- Musa ukwenza utyalo obuninzi, qinisekisa ukuhlaselwa kwintlambo ekunakekeleni umoya.
- Ukubona izityalo ezigulayo zisuswa.
- Ukuncedisa iifama zokhula izifo, zisuse ebhedeni ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Sebenzisa ukutshala imbewu yebhontshisi enempilo.
- Ubhontshisi be-Pickling ngaphambi kokuhlwayela kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka.
- Gcina ukujikelezwa kwesityalo kwindawo evulekile.
- I-Anthracnose kunye ne-white white rot iyanqotshwa yi-Bordeaux liquid kunye namanye amalungiselelo enobhedu.
- Ekulweni nemilingo yamanqaku kunceda ubhontshisi bokuqala, ukukhusela i-aphid.
- Iphunga elimnyama elitsha ekutshatyalaliswa libhujiswa ngamalungiselelo e-sulfur.
Izinambuzane ezinobungozi kakhulu zeembotyi ziinqolowa, ihluma kunye ne-slugs. Xa utyala, phika ingqolowa, ngaphandle kokuhlwayelwa kwezinto ezikhuselweyo. Ukunyamekelwa kwezinambuzane zisebenzisa unyango lweebhedi "Decis", "Metaphos", nezinye iinjuksi ezinambuzane . Ukuba i-slugs ifunyenwe, umhlaba ufafazwe ngumlotha okanye i-superphosphate, amaqabunga omlambo kunye namahlumela enqabileyo. Unokufaka ii-baits ngendlela yeebhotile zeplastiki ezigciniweyo ezizaliswe ibhiya, rhoqo zikhupha ezinambuzane ezindileyo.