Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo yinkqubo yonke eyenziwa emzimbeni womfazi phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Kwenzeka, njengommiselo, emva kokulala ngokwesini okanye ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwempahla.
Ukuchumisa kweqanda kwenzeka njani kwi vivo?
Inkqubo yokukhulelwa ngokwemvelo ivela kwizigaba eziliqela:
- Isigaba sokunyuka. Emzimbeni wabasetyhini bexesha lokubeletha, amaqanda angaphiliwe kwi-follicle (i-bubble evulekileyo enezalwelo) uvuthwe kwelinye lama-ovari nganye nyanga. Xa ixesha lokuqulunqwa ligqityiwe, ulandelelwano luphuka, kwaye amaqanda aqolileyo aphuma. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-ovulation, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ivela phakathi komjikelezo wesini. Ukuvuthwa kuyimfuneko yokuchumisa nokuphuhliswa kweqanda lomntwana.
- Emva kokuba amaqanda ashiye ipolisi ephukile, iya kuba yintsimbi yangaphakathi yecandelo elibizwa ngokuba ngumzimba ophuzi. Injongo yomzimba ophuzi kukuveliswa kwamahomoni we-estrogen kunye neprogesterone. Okukufunekayo ukukhupha umlenze womlenze wesibeletho, ngoko ulungiselele i-endometrium kwi-embrym embryo. Zonke izenzo ezichazweyo zichaphazela indlela inkqubo yokuchumisa eyenzeka ngayo kwaye ingaba iya kwenzeka.
- Iqanda ekhutshweyo lingena kwisigxina esiswini, apho sithathwa yi-tube fallopian. Kwi-tube ye-fallopian, itholakala kude kube yinto enye i-spermatozoa eyangena kuyo. Kule meko, i-fusion ye-nucleus yeqanda ene-nucleus ye-spermatozoon iyenzeka kwaye ukuchumisa kwenzeka. Eli lixesha linika ukubonakaliswa okuchanekileyo kwendlela ukukhulelwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngayo. Kule nqanaba lokuchumisa ukuba ulwazi lwezofuzo malunga nomntwana ozayo lubekwa: ubulili, iinwele kunye nombala wamehlo, uhlobo lwempumlo, njl njl.
- Ixesha lochumiso lwe-ovum li malunga nosuku olulodwa emva kokuvuthwa. Ngeli xesha, zonke iinkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla zinokudlula ixesha, kwaye kuxhotyelwe kwiimeko, umtshato ungenziwa okanye awunayo. Ukuba ukuchumisa akunakwenzeka emzimbeni ophuzi kunye neqanda elide, i-endometrium inqatshelwe kwaye ikhonjiswe njengegazi lokuphuma kwindoda.
Ukuchithwa ngokutsha kwe-ovum
Indlela ukuchithwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenzeka ngayo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvelisa unyango. Okwangoku kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili kakhulu:
- inkqubo ye-IVF;
- Indlela ye-ICSI.
Ngokumalunga nendlela ukukhulelwa kwe-IVF kwenzeka ngayo, sinokuthi oku kulandelayo: kwibhubhoratri, imbewu yesilisa iyalinywa kwi-ovum yabesifazane. Ukongezelela, inkqubo iyafana nendawo engokwemvelo - ukusuka kumaseli angamadoda amaninzi afinyelela kwiqanda kwaye, ukuba emva kwexesha iqala ukwahlula, ixesha lokuqumba kweqanda liphumelele.
Ngeendlela ze-ICSI, i-sperm ekhethiweyo ekhethiweyo ifakwe ngqo kwiqanda ngesixhobo esisodwa. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulandele ngokupheleleyo indlela okhulayo ngayo.
Iinkqubo ezenzeka emva kokuchumisa zingahlulwa ngezigaba eziliqela:
- Ulwahlulo lweqanda elichumayo. Ngomhla emva kokuchumisa, iqanda lihlukaniswe ngokutsha kwiiseli. Ukuba uhamba kwi-tube fallopian malunga neentsuku ezintathu, uhamba ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-tube fallopian, apho uqhotyoshelwe khona kwi-membrane ye-uterus.
- Ukubonakala kwe-embryonic bladder yi-blastocyst. Ekuqaleni, iqanda elichumayo liba yinqwaba yeeseli, ngokuthe gqolo lihambela kwisitrato esisezantsi. Xa i-blastocyst ishiya igobolondo elikhuselayo, isigaba sesithathu-isigaba sokugqibela-siqala.
- Ukuveliswa nokuveliswa kombungu. Xa i-blastocyst isondela kwi-endometrium, ifakwe kwi-mucosa. Ngaphezulu, kwiiveki ezimbalwa zeeseli ze-blastocyst ezikhulayo, iiseli zesiswini zomntwana zenziwa. Ngaphandle koko
uthetha, i-embryo yenziwe, emva kweeveki ezisibhozo zokukhulelwa sele kunelungelo elipheleleyo lokubizwa ngokuba ngumntwana.
Njengemimiselo yendalo, kunye neendlela zokuzala, inkqubo ye-ovulation ayisoloko iphela ekukhulelwe. Oogqirha, naye, kungekho kuzo zonke iimeko unokuphendula umbuzo wokuba kutheni ukukhulelwa kungabikho. Izizathu zininzi kwaye zihlukileyo kwiimeko nganye. Kule nqaku, sichaza indlela indlela iqanda lizaliswa ngayo, kwaye uzama ukuphendula imibuzo, ixesha elingakanani kunye nokuba ixesha lokuchumisa ixesha elide lwenzeke, ngaphandle kokusekwa ukuchaza izizathu zokuzama ukukhulelwa.