Ukuchazwa kweziphumo zokuhlaziywa kwengqondo kumntwana
Njengomgaqo, kuzo zonke iilebhu zesebe ezizimeleyo kukho imimiselo yemigangatho yokuhlalutya. Zibhalwe ngaphambili kwiifom, apho izikhombisi zabantwana zirekhodwa. Xa kwenzeka ukuba uvavanyo lwemvino kubantwana luqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa kwemithi kuya kuba nzima, kwaye kuya kuthi umntwana usempilweni. Enye into, ukuba izibonakaliso zomntwana zifani nalezo zinyathelisiwe, ngoko kulungele ukuhlalutya kwakhona amanani. Ngezantsi itafile eneenkcukacha, ukuba ufunde oko, kunokwenzeka ukuqonda ukuba "kuhle" okanye "okubi" kubangelwa njani umntwana wakho.
Njengoko kunokubonwa etafileni, izibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo ngumbala kunye nobuninzi bomchamo, kunye nobukho bezinto ezingafaniyo, ezifana ne-epithelium, iprotheni, njl. Ngoko, umbala we-urine uyinto eqhelekileyo yohlaza, kodwa ngezifo ezahlukileyo ziyahlukahluka:
- Umbala omnyama obomvu ungathetha ngokudambisa amanzi emzimbeni;
- umbala webhiya ngumpawu kwizifo ze-gallbladder nesibindi;
- umbala wezilwanyana zintlanzi uthetha nge- glomerulonephritis;
- Umbala obomvu obomvu luphawu lwe-hemolytic anemia;
- Umbala womlambo ubonisa izifo zendlela yerogenital.
Ukucacisa idatha yetafile yokuhlalutya ngokubanzi umchamo kubantwana, kuya kunceda abazali ukuba balungiselele ngokunyamekela ukunyuka koogqirha kunye nokuqala ukuqonda ukufumaneka kwezifo. Kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi isifo iimpawu ezifanayo, iindlela zokuxilonga ziyahluka.
Ukuqulunqwa kohlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo ze-biochemical urine kubantwana
Olu luhlalutyo oludume kakhulu kwaye lubekelwe izifo zezintso kunye nezitho zangaphakathi, kunye nokusola ngokuvuvukala okufihliweyo. Ngokunyuka kwezinye izinto kumchamo, kubonisa inani lezifo:
- i-chlorine ibonisa ukukhulelwa komzimba komzimba womntwana;
- i-acetone ibonisa uphuhliso lwe-acidosis;
- i-potassium ikhuluma ngokuxhatshazwa komzimba;
- i-calcium ibonisa ubuninzi be-vitamin D, i-osteoporosis, njl.
Uhlalutyo luyaqhelisa kwaye ugqirha onamava, ngaphandle kokuhlalutya iziphumo, uya kukwazi ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-urinalysis kubantwana ngo-Sulkovich
Olu pho nonongo lunconywa kubantwana abathabatha i-vitamin D. Kukuvumela ukuba ufumane umgangatho we-calcium kumchamo. Isiqhelo sithathwa njengento engabalulekanga (+) kunye ne "medium" ephakathi ("+") umchamo xa uxutywe ne-Sagkovich's reagent. Ukungabikho kwe "clouding" (-), ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D kuyafunyaniswa, isisiseko (+++) nesomelele kakhulu "ukuxhatshazwa" (++++) sibonisa umsebenzi ophezulu we-parathyroid okanye ukungabikho kwale vithamini.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-urinalysis nguNechiporenko kubantwana
Olu pho nonongo lubekwe ukuba, ekuchazeni ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele, abantwana baye bafunyanwa nge-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes okanye i-cylinders. Ndifuna nje ukuphawula ukuba isifundo se-Nechiporenko sithembeke ngakumbi kwaye sibonisa umfanekiso wokwenene wokufumaneka kwezi zinto. Utyunjwe ngokukrokrelwa kweentsholongwane zezintso kwaye unokuxelela malunga nenani leentsholongwane. Ngokomzekelo, ngokunyuka kwama-erythrocyte (ukwanda kwama-1000 kwi-1 ml), ukufumana isifo seethambo zesibetho, i-glomerulonephritis okanye i-formor tumors kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. I-leukocytes ephakamileyo (ukwanda kwama-2000 kwi-1 ml) ibonisa i-cystitis, i-pyelonephritis, kunye nezinto ezinjalo, kunye nama-cylinders (ukwanda kwama-20 kwi-1 ml) kubonisa i-amyloidosis yeentso, i-glomerulonephritis, njl njl.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-urinalysis e-Zimnitsky kubantwana
Uvavanyo olunjalo lwebhubhoratri luyabelwe ukwenzela ukucacisa umsebenzi wezintso. Kule meko, ukuba ubuninzi bomchamo bu ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo (1,008), ke oku kunokuthetha nge-pyelonephritis, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nesifo sikashukela se-insipidus. Ngenxa yokwanda kwamanani, umbuzo wobukho be-urine acid diathesis kumntwana, isifo sikashukela, i-glomerulonephritis, njl njl.
Ngoko, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba iimvavanyo zixhobo zokubeka uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, ngoko kungcono ukubeka isifundo kwiziphumo kubasebenzi bezonyango.