Igama elitsha lefashini liye lavela kumayeza ngoku kutshanje. Yintoni ukujonga ukukhulelwa? Le isethi yemivavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yiyiphi into engafanelekanga kwimvelaphi ye-hormone ngexesha lokubanjwa kwe-fetus. Ukuhlolwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuqhutyelwa ukuchonga iqela leengozi zobunzima bokuzalwa, umzekelo, i-Down's Syndrome okanye i-Edwards Syndrome.
Iziphumo zokuhlolwa kweentombi ezikhulelweyo zingatholakala emva kokuvavanywa kwegazi ezithathwe kwi-vein, kunye nangemva kwe-ultrasound. Zonke iinkcukacha zezifundo zokukhulelwa kunye neempawu zomzimba zikamama ziqwalaselwa: ukukhula, ubunzima, ukubonakala kwemikhwa emibi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-hormone, njl.
Zingaphi izicatshulwa ezenzelwe ukukhulelwa?
Njengomthetho, ngexesha lokukhulelwa 2 ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo kwenziwa. Bahlulwe ngexesha kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kwaye bahluke kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kweethathu
Yenziwa kwiiveki ezi-11-13 zokukhulelwa. Olu vavanyo olunzulu lujoliswe ekutholeni umngcipheko wokungabikho komntwana osemntwaneni. Ukuphonononga kufaka iimvavanyo ezi-2 - i-ultrasound kunye nokufunda ngegazi eliphambeneyo kwiintlobo ezi-2 ze-homon-b-HCG kunye ne-RAPP-A.
Kwi-ultrasound, unokumisela umzimba womntwana, ukwakheka kwawo okuchanekileyo. Inkqubo yomsakazo womntwana, umsebenzi wentliziyo yakhe, uphando, ubude bomzimba bunqunywe ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo. Imilinganiselo ekhethekileyo yenziwe, umzekelo, ubukhulu bomnxeba wesibeleko bulinganiswa.
Ekubeni ukuhlolwa kokuqala komntwana kuyinkimbinkimbi, kusekudala ukufikelela kwizigqibo ngokusekelwe kuyo. Ukuba kukho ukukrokrelwa kwemiphumo ethile yezofuzo, loo mfazi uthunyelwa ukuhlolwa okongeziweyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala kukufunda ngokuzikhethela. Kuthunyelwa kwabasetyhini abanomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuhlisa i-pathologies. Ezi ziquka abo baza kuzalana emva kweminyaka engama-35, abanabantu abagulayo abaneentsholongwane zofuzo kwiintsapho zabo okanye abaye babhekana nokulahleka kwezinto kunye nokuzalwa kwabantwana abaneempawu ezingafaniyo.
Uhlolo lwe sibini
Yenziwa kwixesha lexesha lokunyuka kweeveki ezili-16 ukuya kwe-18. Kule meko, igazi lithathwa ukujonga iindidi ezi-3 zamahomoni - AFP, b-HCG kunye ne-estirol yamahhala. Ngamanye amaxesha isalathisi sesine songezwa: i-inhibin A.
U-Estirol yi-hormone yesini esetyhini eyenziwa yi-placenta. Inqanaba elaneleyo lophuhliso lwayo lingaxoxa malunga nokuphulwa kokukhula komntwana.
I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein) yiprotheni efunyenwe kwi-serum yegazi lomama. Kuveliswa kuphela ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba kukho ukwanda okwenyuka okanye ukuncipha kwiprotheni egazini, oku kubonisa ukuphulwa komntwana. Ngokunyuka okuthe kratya kwe-AFP, ukufa komntwana kungenzeka.
Ukuhlola i-chromosome pathology ye-fetus inokwenzeka xa uqikelela izinga le-inhibin A. Ukunciphisa umgangatho weli lathisi kubonisa ukungabikho kwe-chromosomal, okungakhokelela kwisifo se-Down or Edwards syndrome.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwindlela yokukhulelwa kwenzelwe ukujonga i-Down's syndrome kunye ne-Edwards syndrome, kunye neziphene ze-neural, iiphene kwi-wall yangasese yangasemva, ukukhubazeka kweentsholongwane zesisu.
I-Down syndrome AFP idla ngokuphantsi,
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba uvavanyo lwezinto eziphilayo luveza kuphela i-90% yeziganeko ze-neural tube malformations, kwaye i-Down's Syndrome ne-Edwards syndrome inqume kuphela kwi-70%. Oko kukuthi, malunga ne-30% yeziphumo ezimbi ezingalunganga kunye ne-10% yeempembelelo zobuxoki zenzeka. Ukuze ugweme impazamo, uvavanyo lufanele luhlolwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-ultrasound ye-fetus.