Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumanisa isifo sofuba - uvavanyo lweMantoux, uvavanyo lwempendulo kaPirke, uhlalutyo lwe-sputum kunye nabanye. Isifo sofuba semiphunga silula ukuxilonga ngesiseko se-fluorography. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwale mvavanyo kaninzi lubanika iziphumo ezingalunganga kunye nezikhohlakeleyo ezingamanga, ezifuna ukuqinisekiswa okongeziweyo. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sofuba kufinyelela ekuthandeni - le ndlela inokuba nefuthe elingaphantsi kwephutha.
Ilungelo lokuhlolwa kwegazi malunga nesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba?
Ukuba unomdla kwiimvavanyo zegazi ezinokuba luncedo kwisifo sofuba, unokuthi uthethe ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zonke iimvavanyo zebhoratri ezinyanzelekileyo ziya kuba luncedo kwinqanaba elithile. Vumela ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kungabonakali ukuba khona kwe-bacterus yeKoch, okanye enye i-mycobacteria eyenza isifo sofuba, inceda ukulandelela impilo jikelele yesigulane. Ingakumbi ngokufanelekileyo ibonisa amandla okukhusela ukukhusela intsholongwane. Utshintsho kuhlalutyo lwegazi ngesifo sofuba luchaphazela kakhulu i-leukocyte ifom kunye nesantya se-sedimentation ye-erythrocytes, i-ESR. Ukuba izibonakaliso zibonakala kumgqirha osolisayo, uya kunika izifundo ezongezelelweyo, njenge:
- uhlalutyo lwe-sputum;
- bronchoscopy ;
- i-fluorography ;
- iimvavanyo ze-tuberculin.
Uhlalutyo olulandelayo alukwazi ukuthathwa njengolusebenzayo xa umntu sele anikwe igonyamelo lwe-BCG. Yingakho ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba kusetyenziswa ukuhlalutya igazi, ebonisa iintsholongwane kwi-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba, i-MBT. Ngokupheleleyo, iintlobo ezininzi zophando zisetyenzisiweyo:
- vavanyo lwe-quinthyferon yesifo sofuba;
- i-enzyme immunoassay;
- Uvavanyo lwe-T-SPOT;
- i-polymerase chain reaction.
Izibonelelo zesifo sofuba segazi ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwegazi
Igama lokuhlolwa kwegazi ngalinye ngesifo sofuba sibonisa ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yolu phofu. Uvavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo lusekelwe ekufunyaneni kwe-interferon yokusabela kwigazi egazini, oko kukuthi, libeka i-antibodies. Olu phofu luchanekile, kodwa alukwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuba amathambo, imiphunga, okanye ezinye izitho zichaphazelekayo.
Uhlalutyo lwe-immunoenzymatic luchaza kwi-antigen antibodies, i-enzyme eveliswa yinyathelo lokukhuseleka. Ngokufanayo, uphando lubonisa umlinganiselo wee-molecule ezahlukeneyo kunye negalelo le-qualitative-quantitative yegazi, eliququzelela ukusekwa kwesifo sokugqibela.
Uvavanyo lwe-T-SPOT lukhawuleza kwaye lusebenza kakuhle. Uhlalutyo lusekelwe ekubaleni kweeseli ze-T kwigazi. Ezi iiseli ziqaliswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-antigen kwi-MBT. Uvavanyo luvumela ukuvelisa ifom evulekileyo kwaye ivaliwe yesifo, ichanekile ngama-95%.
I-Polymerase chain reactor, okanye i-PCR, yindlela yokuhlola eyenziwa yi-hypersensitive ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lweengxenye ezithile ze-DNA egazini. Esi sifundo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukuchaneka kwayo kukubalulekileyo.
Nazi izibonelelo eziphambili zokufumana isifo sofuba ukusuka kuvavanyo lwegazi:
- Ukukwazi ukubala nayiphi na uhlobo yesifo kwieyure ezimbalwa;
- akukho mfuneko yokuhlalutya kwakhona;
- Ubuncipheko obuncinane bezinto ezimbi kunye neziphumo ezingalunganga;
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwesifundo.