Utamatisi kweli lizwe linyuka phantse wonke umntu onenani elincinci lomhlaba. Emva kwakho konke, ngubani ongathandi ukutya ehlobo iindiza ezinomsoco, kunye nobusika - utamatisi omuncu . Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abalimi beloli ekutyalweni kweetamatato bahlala bejongana nelokuba imifuno ihlaselwa zizifo eziphathekayo kunye nezifo. Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zetamatati yi-phytophthora - isifo sefungal sityalo, esibangelwa i-pathogenic fungus iPhytophthora infestans.
Ekuqaleni, ukukhanya kwexesha elidlulileyo kubonakaliswe ngamanzi amanzi kwiitamatato, eziya kumisa kwaye zithathe umbala obomvu. Isibambiso esimhlophe sibonakala ngasemva kwamagqabhagqabha, okuyi-spore yefungus. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuphuhliswa kwesifo segatata kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye amabala avela kumaqabunga asasazeka kwi-plant. Izimo ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo sotamatisi zibhekwa njengomphezulu ophezulu ekushiseni okuphantsi kwemoya. Kwaye ukunqoba ukutshabalalisa kwexesha elide kungenza zombini izityalo zetamatati kunye nezityalo zabantu abadala.
Unokukhusela njani utamatisi ukususela ekugqibeleni?
Ukuze iitamatati zixhathise lesi sifo esiyingozi, umgadi wezolimo uyadingeka ukuba ayenze ukukhusela okufunekayo kwimizuzu engamaxesha athile okhulayo.
Okokuqala, ungakulibali ukuba isityalo esele sitshatiwe emva kokuvuna, sinokugcina ingxabano yale fungus. Ngoko ke, zonke iziqongo kufuneka ziqokelelwe zitshiswe. Ukongeza, i-fungus ihlala emhlabathini ize ihlale khona kangangamakhulu eminyaka, ngoko ukuphelisa i-blight engapheliyo kunokukunceda kuphela ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo komhlaba ngaphambi kokutyala.
Kufuneka uqinisekise kwakhona ukuba utamatisi ufumana iibhedi ezikhanyisiweyo. Ukuba ilanga lelanga likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lifike kwisityalo, ngoko umgangatho weziqhamo kunye namaqabunga uya kushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye omile, ukuthintela ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu. Ngelo xesha, abamelwane babo emibhedeni banakho u-anyanisi, i-garlic, iklabishi, iimbotyi, i-lettuce, israyi, kodwa kungabikho iipasta, i-dill, iikomkom, okanye iitata.
Enye indlela yokukhusela ejoliswe kuthi kukuba ukwandisa ukukhuseleka kwezityalo kunye nokunyuka ukuchasana ne-phytophthora, kuthathwa njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka utamatisi ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo nge potassium kunye ne-phosphorus fertilizer. Ukongezelela, izazinzulu zincoma ukuba zenze i-phytophthora yokukhusela izikhuselo kunye neziyobisi zentsholongwane, apho phakathi kokungabandakanywa kunye kunye ne-fungicides. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abalimi abaninzi abanamathuba athile bakhetha ukukhetha iintlobo zeetamatato ezinobungozi obunqabileyo ezibhekisiwe ukuba zichasene nokugqithisa kwexesha elide, okanye iintlobo zokuvuthwa zokuqala ezivuthiweyo ngaphambi kokuba isifo sifumane.
Indlela yokujongana nefuthe elidlulileyo leentato?
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulwa nokutshatyalaliswa kweentatyambo ezidlulileyo, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kosulelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kususwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo lamagqabi kunye neziqhamo, ukuhlola isityalo ekuseni nakusihlwa. Nangona kunjalo, xa ususa amaqabunga ogulayo, kukho
Ngokuphathelele unyango lwe-tomato ekupheleni kwexesha, kuqhutywa ngokutshiza izityalo kunye ne-fungicides yokudibanisa. Izixhobo ze-bluetooth zinceda iindlela ezinezobhedu: i-Bordeaux, i-cuproxate, i-oxychloride yobhedu, njl njl. Ukuze kuncitshwe inani lemichiza elenzakalisa abantu, umntu akafanele akhohlwe malunga neendlela zokukhusela eziphilayo. Ezi ziquka: i-trichodermine, i-phytosporin kunye namanye amalungiselelo aqukethe ii-bacteria eziphilayo kunye nezifungulu ezikwazi ukutshabalalisa nokukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwefungi.