Ingqoqo engenakuqonda iyimfihlelo yendalo yayo, iyazibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi: amaphupha, iinkolelo kunye neengongoma, enye okanye enye indlela yokuziphatha kwiimeko, izibhengezo, okanye xa umntu ethatha isigqibo sokubandakanyeka kwishishini elitsha kwaye izandla zibonakala ziqonda ukuba "ukwenza" . Iingqondi zathi ngokufanelekileyo: "Zonke iimpendulo kuwe!".
Ingcamango yokungazihlanganisi
Ingcamango yokungazi kakuhle icinga ukuba umntu ngamnye nguye ophethe amava jikelele ekuphuhliseni i-phylogenetic yoluntu ngokupheleleyo. Iqoqo elingenalwazi lidluliselwa kwizakhiwo zobuchopho kwaye liluhlu olujulile lwe-psyche, kwaye umxholo uveza ngokwawo ngamathambo athile-iipatheni zokuziphatha ezibandakanywe ekuphenduleni kwiimeko ezithile. Kwinqanaba elincinci lokungazihlanganisi, kungekhona nje iintlobo ze-archaic zobomi babantu, kodwa kunye nezidalwa zokusebenza kwezilwanyana zezilwanyana.
Ngubani oqale wazisa i-term of collective unconscious?
Umbhali wombono wengqungquthela engumntu owaziwayo waseSwitzerland owaziwayo uKarl Gustav Jung, umfundi ogqithisileyo kunye ophikisanayo noFreud. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala eli gama liye lavakaliswa ngo-1916 kwinqaku elipapashwe nguJung "Ulwakhiwo lwengqondo," apho wagxininisa ukuba ekuhlalutheni kwamaphupha ezigulane, uFrud wafumana okokuqala izinto ezingekho kumntu ongenalwazi, kodwa ugxininisa i-archaic, i-collective nature. Kamva K.G. UJung waqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ingqondo yengqondo", ngoko "ukungazi kakuhle."
Ingxaki yokungazihlanganisi
Iingcamango zengqungquthela engaboniyo I-Jung yafunyanwa kwiingcamango "zeemboniselo ezihlangeneyo" ze-ethnologist uLevi-Bruhl enxulumene nenkqubo yentlalo yoluntu, kodwa uJung waya phambili ngokuthembela kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nakwezinye iindawo, ukuchazwa kweengxaki zobomi babantu. Ubudlelwane bezenkolo, ubudlelwane beengcamango babemelwa ngu-K.G. I-Jung yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zesimo sengqondo somntu, esicwangcisiweyo ngesimo seempawu zokungazi kakuhle, ngokungafani noFreud, ongakhange anike ingqwalasela yolwazi lomntu.
Ngabantu ngabanye kwaye abaqokelelanga
Ingcamango yomntu oqokelelweyo kunye nomntu ongenalwazi kumntu unokuhluka. Umntu ongenalwazi olufunyenwe nguFrud uhlala ehlala yedwa, esekelwe kwiimvelo zendalo zokuzigcina, ukuvelisa, izinto eziphathekayo zofuzo ezidluliselwa ngabazali. Ingqoqo engenamalungu iyafana nayo yonke intlanga, iyakha uluhlu olujulile lwe-psyche kwaye luyimfuneko yomntu ongenamntu ngamnye.
Ukungaqhelani kunye noJung
Iqoqo elingenanto engqondweni yeJung liqukethe i-conglomerate ye-archetypes, kwaye i-archetypes ngokwabo zininzi nje ngeemeko zobomi, ziphindaphindiwe kwaye zizinzileyo kwi-psyche ngendlela yefomu engagcwalwanga ngumxholo, kodwa iqulethe amathuba okujonga uhlobo okanye uhlobo. I-Archetypes ngokwayo isebenze ngohlobo lomfanekiso kwi-subconscious, xa iimeko ezihambelanayo zidlalwa kubo kwaye zibonakaliswe ngexesha lamaphupha, ukubonakalisa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo.
Ulwakhiwo lwengqoqo engenakuqonda
Ukuze uqonde ukuba yeyiphi iifom isakhiwo esingaboniyo iJung, kubalulekile ukufuna iinkcazo zomsebenzi we-psychoanalyst ngokwakhe. IJG Jung ichaza iziqulatho zengqungquthela engahlanganiyo zithembela kule miqathango elandelayo:
- ilifa;
- iqukethe i-archetypes, ehamba phambili kunye nezibonakaliso zendalo;
- ngokwemvelo: umxholo kunye nemifanekiso yokuziphatha iyafana kuwo wonke uluntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlanga, kwaye lenza isiseko esisodwa sokuphila komntu wonk 'ubani;
- ngqungquthela kwisakhiwo;
- ayilawulwa yintando .
I-Archetypes yokungazihlanganisi
Jung, kwi-archetypes ye-collective consciousness, wathi le yinto encedo kumntu ukulungelelanisa nemeko yangaphandle. Abantu bakuthobela iindlela ezintathu zokuziphatha:
- ingxabano - umnqweno wokulwa;
- umyalelo okanye ukungathathi hlangothi- intsebenziswano, intsebenziswano, ukugcina umlinganiselo;
- ukuvisisana -umnqweno wokuchuma, ukuqonda kunye nobuhle kuyo yonke into.
Kukho ezininzi i-archetypes, kodwa i-CG Jung iyahlula isiseko okanye isiseko, esichaza ubukho, iindlela zokuziphatha, ukusebenzisana nehlabathi kubantu abaninzi:
- Anima kunye ne-Animus . Ubufazi besilisa kunye nendoda ebantwini.
- Isithunzi siyingxenye emnyama yengqondo, egcinwe ngokungazi kakuhle.
- Iqhawe - lixazulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nengozi, lihla emgodini, liyanqoba ama-dragons.
- Umdala osisilumko- uYise, i-Animus enhle, namhlanje K.G. I-Jung inokuthi ithathelwe kule ngqungquthela.
- I-Trickster - uyi -Joker, i-Fool, i-archetype yobuqhetseba, i-insidious, kodwa yamandla amakhulu kunye namandla, ihlala iphuma kwiingqungquthela zamaHighesi.
- Umntu - indlela umntu azibonakalisa ngayo kuluntu, "isikhumba esikhuselekileyo" somntu .
Ukungazihlanganisi kunye noMnu Foucault
Iqoqo elingenalwazi kwizengqondo zipheleleyo ze-archetypes, kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwifilosofi yimbali okanye i-culture engazi lutho, ngokutsho kukaMichel Foucault, isazi sefilosofi nengqondo yengqondo, ummeli we-antipsychiatry odale isihlalo sokuqala se-psychoanalytic eFransi. I-Foucault ichaza ukungabi nalwazi njengombhalo. Xa ufunda amaxesha ahlukeneyo, uFoucault waphawula ukuba kuwo onke amaxesha kukho "intsimi yengxaki" eyakhiwe kwiintetho ezikhoyo zenzululwazi, kodwa zakha zonke iipisteme (inkqubo yolwazi).
I-Episteme ifunyaniswa kwintetho yabahlali njengendlela yokuchaneka yeefowuni kunye nemigqaliselo, iinkqubo kunye nokuthintela, ukuchaza ngokungazi kakuhle indlela yokuziphatha kunye neendlela zokucinga zexesha elinikeziweyo elidala iimbali ezihlangeneyo ezingenanto. Ngokwahlukileyo, uMnu. Foucault uchasene nabantu ngabanye "abangabandakanywa" kuluntu, abaculi, abadenge abakwazi ukutshabalalisa i-epiconstruction ekhoyo.
Ukungazi kakuhle - imizekelo
Ukungaqhelani ngokuhlangeneyo - imizekelo ebomini inokufunyanwa ekuhlalutheni ukuziphatha kwabantu abakwizihlwele, kwaye apha i-collectiveal or uncpersonal consciousness inokubonakalisa ngeendlela ezimbini zokuziphatha:
- Ukudibanisa ukuziphatha komzimba - isihlwele siba sisinye esisodwa ngenxa yesifo sengqondo esifanayo, iingcamango - njengoko kwenzeka ngexesha lomhlangano apho iqela labantu likhusela amalungelo abo, okanye isihlwele sabantu abathintekayo kwiimeko zendalo yonke.
- Ukuqhawula ukuziphatha kwemilinganiselo - apha i-collective behavior does not work "like". Abantu bayothuka, kwaye iindlela zokuziphatha kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga emsebenzini kwizinga lokuphila, abantu baphatha ngokungaqhelekanga - ngaphandle kubonakala ngathi umntu akaqapheli ukuziphatha kwakhe.
Umzekelo ovela kwingqondo yengqondo K.G. Selula. Esinye sezigulane sathonywe ngumgcini woMsindisi kwaye wabizwa ugqirha ukuba ajonge naye elangeni ukuba acinge nge-phallus yelanga, kwaye ukuba uzama ukugubha intloko yakho ukusuka kwicala ukuya kwicala, i-phallus iya kuguquka, idale umoya. Ngo-1910, uJung, efunda iimbali zamandulo, wafumana inkcazo ye-liturgy yamandulo yehlelo leMithras, elichaze umboniso wethubhu yelanga ngokukhanya okuvelisa umoya. Ukufana phakathi kwezi nkcazo kuyabonakala, kwaye kwimiba yesigulane ukusuka kwixesha elidlulileyo lokungazi kakuhle liye lavuswa.