Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokusesikweni kuyinkxalabo yesigxina, apho ukubonakala komntwana kwenzeka khona ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba kufike ixesha elide. Cinga ukuphula umthetho, masithi igama, izixhobo, uluhlu lwemiphumo kunye nesiseko seendlela zokukhusela.
Yintoni enokubangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa?
Oogqirha bachonga amanani amaninzi eemeko, ubukho bokuba kubonakala kwangaphambili komntwana. Phakathi kwazo zonke iindawo ezizodwa zihlala zizinto ezilandelayo zokubangela abasebenzi:
- ubukho bokukhupha isisu, ukukhupha okukodwa kwi-anamnesis;
- iziphoso ze-anatomical zesisu;
- ukungaqiniseki kwintsholongwane;
- izifo ezivuthayo kunye nezifo ezithintekayo kwenkqubo yokuzala;
- usulelo lwe-genitourinary system (pyelonephritis);
- izifo ze-somatic: i-blood pressure, izifo zesifo senhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid;
- ukuxhalabisa nokukhathazeka.
Ubungozi bokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu ezingentla apha zokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana, izithandabuzo zichonga kwaye zibeka phambili. Xa zivela, usongelo lokubonakala komntwana ngaphambi komhla ochanekileyo luchanekile. Umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa ungabangelwa ngu:
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamachiza;
- usela utywala;
- ukwanda okweqile kwinqanaba lomama ozayo (inzuzo yesisindo sokukhulelwa ngaphezu kwe-12 kg);
- ukungalingani kwemimoni;
- umsebenzi owenziwe ngokweqile, umsebenzi obanzi;
- placenta previa.
Ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili - ixesha
Ngokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala, oogqirha bathi xa umntwana ezalwa ngexesha eliphakathi kweeveki ezingama-22-37. Kuxhomekeke kwixesha elithile lokubonakala, umntwana unikwa:
- kakhulu kusasa (iiveki ezingama-22-27), ubunzima bomzimba beemvumba 500-1000 g;
- ekuqaleni (iiveki ezingama-28-33), ubunzima bomntwana lu-1000-2000, ukuxela kweentsana ezinjalo kubumnandi kakhulu;
- Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, iiveki 34-37 iiveki, ubunzima bomzimba bentsana bufikelela kuma-2500 g.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi komntwana - ukusuka kwiphi iveki umntwana ephila?
Ukunikezelwa kwangaphambi kweveki kwiveki 26 kaninzi kunesiphumo esihle. Ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha, inkqubo yokuphefumula iyavuthwa. Into ekhethekileyo ihlanganiswa - umntu osebenzayo. Ithintela ukwehla kwamathambo emiphunga, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphefumleleni kokuqala. Ukubonakala kweemvuthu ngexesha elichaziweyo elidlulileyo lifuna uxhumo kwisixhobo sokuphefumula.
Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kweentsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa kunye nezixhobo kunceda ukunakekela abantwana abanesisindo esivela kwi-500 g. Ngenxa yokungahlambulukanga kwezitho kunye neenkqubo, kukho izinga eliphezulu lokufa phakathi kwexesha lokuqala. Oogqirha ngokwabo bathi ithuba lokuphila linaloo maqabunga anesisindo somzimba esingaphezu kwe-1000 g, kwaye babonakala ekukhanyeni kweeveki ezingama-28 nangemva koko.
Iimpawu zokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa
Ukukhawuleza kokubhekiswa kwamagqirha ekuqaleni komsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba iphela ithathe indima ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bazi ukuba ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala, iimpawu zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- qhe lekiso rhoqo;
- ukuhamba kwe-amniotic fluid;
- ukuphuma kwiplagi .
Imiqondiso yokuzalwa kwangaphambi kweentsuku ezingama-30 iyafana nale nto leyo ibhinqa elikhulelweyo lichaza ngexesha lokuziswa. Ubuhlungu obuthathaka kwisisu esezantsi, njengoko kwimeko yokuya esikhathini, okwenyuka ngaphezu kwexesha. Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo liyaqaphela ukuvuza kwe-amniotic fluid. Umthamo wabo uncinci. Ukuvela kweempawu ezinjalo kufuneka kube sisizathu sokubhena kwangaphambili kwiziko lempilo.
Ukunikezelwa kwangaphambili - iingxaki
Ukuba ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kuqala, umfazi okhulelweyo unconywa ukuba alele phantsi, uthathe unyuko kwaye ubize i-ambulensi. Ukuphelisa i-spasm nokunciphisa ukulwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba akukho-Shpa. Xa bebeka ibhinqa esibhedlele, oogqirha baqikelela isizathu esabangela ukuba bazalwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwaye bazama ukuwuqeda. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuyeka inkqubo yokuqala yokuzala. Ngexesha elifanayo, iziyobisi ezinciphisa ukunyaniseka kunye nezivumelwano zonyango zichazwe.
Ngexesha elifanayo, amanyathelo okunyanga okujoliswe ekunyuseni ukufaneleka komntwana kuqhutyelwa. Oogqirha baqhuba ukukhusela isifo sengxaki kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa - ukuphulwa kokuphefumla, ngenxa yokungakhulelwa kwenkqubo yokuphefumula. Xa ukhulelwe azinakugcinwa, oogqirha basebenzisana nokulawulwa kwabasebenzi bokuqala.
Kule meko, i-anesthesia iyimfuneko. Xa eli lixesha lingaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-34 kwaye ubunzima bomntwana bungaphantsi kwe-2000 g, icandelo le-carean eyenziwa. Ngokuphathelele iingxaki, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambi kwentsana kuhlala kubonakala ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yalokhu, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ukuphulwa okunjalo, ukwanda:
- ukuxhatshazwa;
- ukuphuka kwe- perineum kunye nezihlunu zesisu
- Umsebenzi ongeyelungelelaniso lomsebenzi - ukuphulwa komyalelo weentambo (ukunciphisa kunzima kakhulu, akukho ukuphumla okupheleleyo kweemfucu ze-muscle kwiingcambu).
- ukusuleleka kwenkqubo yokuzala - ukuphuhliswa okuphawulisiweyo kwe-endometritis, ukuxhaswa kwezinto ezivela kwi-episiotomy.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala
Emva kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, oogqirha bahlawula ingqalelo enkulu kwimeko yengane entsha. Umntwana ubeka kwi-kuvez, apho izimo ezikufuphi nazo ezibelekweni zikamama zidalwa. Phakathi kweeparitha ezilawulwayo ezibonisa ukulungeleka kwezinto ezinamandla, indawo esecaleni ithathwa ngesisindo. Abanesihlengikazi bemihla ngemihla, beqwalasela ukuguqulwa kobunzima.
Ukuthintela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa
Ukubiza izibonakaliso zesongelo lokubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukubonakala kwazo kubonakaliso ngqo ngokubhedlelelwa ngumfazi okhulelweyo. Ibhinqa lijongelwa, iziyobisi zichazwe. Iimpawu zokuqala zomsebenzi wokuqala kwiveki 28 zibonisa ukubukeka komntwana. Ukuba oku akuzange kwenzeke, yenza amanyathelo okukhusela:
- ukupheliswa kwezifo zentsholongwane kwisigaba sokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa;
- ukubhaliswa kwangethuba kwiklinikhi yokubeletha ekuqaleni kwesigxina;
- uhlalutyo olufike ngexesha.