Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo - iindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ukulungiselela umxube

Ukuze imbewu ihlume, kubalulekile ukukhetha imbewu efanelekileyo yembewu, ekufuneka ihlangabezane nenani leemfuno. Kwizitolo, ungathenga iimxube ezenziwe ngokulungelelanise okanye wenze yonke into ngokwakho, udibanise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenkcubeko nganye kukho ukhetho.

Yiyiphi inhlabathi yezilwanyana ezingcono?

Umgangatho welizwe lokukhulisa nayiphi na isityalo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukuwukhetha ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezithile.

1. Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ukhululekile, uvumeleke ngokushushumbisa kunye nomoya. Iimpawu kufuneka zixutywe kangangokuba emva kwexesha umxube awunakumba okanye uzinzima, kwaye izibonda kunye neenkompo aziyilo. I-primer yendalo yonke ye-seedlings ayifanele ibe needongwe, njengoko iya kwenza umxube awufanelekanga ukukhula kwezityalo.
2. Kubaluleke kakhulu kukuzala, oko kukuthi, kufuneka kubekho izinto ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kunye neyinkimbinkimbi yamaminerali ekubunjweni.
3. Emhlabathini akufanele kubekho ii-microorganisms, ii-spores ze-fungi, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yeentlobo zokhula, kodwa akufanele zizalwe ngokupheleleyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumaneka kwe-microflora efanelekileyo, ngaphandle koko akunakukwazi ukukhulisa izithombo.
4. Umhlaba ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zingabi zitshefu, okokuthi, ukubunjwa kwawo akufanele kube neesaliti zetsimbi ezinzima, ii-radionuclides nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
5. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba izakhi eziphilayo emva kokuxuba akufanele ziphule ngokukhawuleza kunye nokushisa. Ngaphandle koko, imbewu iya kutshabalalisa.
6. Umhlaba osetyenziswayo akufanele ube yi-acidic okanye i-alkaline. Isalathisi esiphezulu se-asidi ngumda we-6.5-6.7 pH. Imilinganiselo efanayo ifana namaxabiso angathathi hlangothi.

Ungayilungisa njani umhlaba umhlaba?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umhlaba wenziwe ngokwabo okanye uthengiwe, kucetyiswa ukuba kulungiswe. Xa usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukileyo, kufuneka zihlanjwe (ikakhulukazi emhlabeni kunye nesihlabathi). Iingcali zithi ukulungiswa komhlaba kwizilwanyana kufanele kufake ukuhlaziywa kwamagciwane, izibungu kunye namaqanda. Inye yeendlela ezikhoyo zizinzuzo kunye nokuphazamiseka, kwaye iindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ziquka:

1. Ukuqhuma. Inyanga ngaphambi kokutyalwa kwembewu, ubambe umhlaba kwindawo yokuhlambela ngamanzi kwiiyure eziyi-2-3. Kubalulekile ukuba ikhava kunye nomhlaba ivaliwe.
2. Ukubala. Umhlaba ugcinwe ihafu yesure kwi-oven kwiqondo lokushisa lika-90 ° C.
3. Ukukhupha. Ukususela ekwindla, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa umhlaba kwizityalo, ukushiya esitrato, ukusibekela, ukuze kungabi namanzi. Enye inyanga ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, umhlaba kufuneka ungeniswe endlwini, uphelelwe, udibene namanye amacandelo kwaye uphinde uqhutywe kwiqhwa.

Ukubunjwa komhlaba ukulungiselela izityalo

Abalimi abaninzi banqwenela ukuthenga umhlaba kwisitoretye, kodwa kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuzenza ngokuzimela. Kukho iingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: umhlaba oqingqiweyo okanye omhlaba, isanti yomlambo kunye nomhlaba we-peaty kwizityalo, umzekelo, i-humus okanye i- compost . Njengengxenye eyongezelelweyo, ungasebenzisa i-sawdust, i-ash, i-coconut fiber, i-moss, i-choki, i-fertilizer, i-lime kunye nabanye. Izithako zezityalo ezihlukeneyo zixutywe ngamanani ahlukeneyo.

Ubushushu bomhlaba kwiimbewu

Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukushisa komoya kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa izikhombisi zomhlaba. Kwizityalo ezahlukileyo, iqondo lokushisa liyakwazi ukuhluka, kodwa ukulinganiswa kwemilinganiselo kuyahluka. Umhlaba omhle wezityalo emva kokuhlwayela kufuneka ube nobushushu obungena kumda we-15-25 ° C. Xa kuvela amahlumela kwaye amaqabunga aqala ukwenza, ixabiso kufuneka linciphise libe ngu-16 ° С. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba, ukuba izikhombisi ziphezulu, ngoko oku kunokubangela ukuba iziqu zilula.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zemifuno

Akunandaba nokuba usebenzisa umhlaba othengiweyo okanye ozilungiselele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno.

1. Ukufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lomhlaba olufunekayo kwiimbewu, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba kufuneka ziqulethe izinto ezibalulekileyo zesondlo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium. Ukuba ezi zinto ziza kuba zingu-300-400 mg / l, ngoko akucebisi ukuhlwayela imbewu kuyo, kuvunyelwe ukutshintshela izityalo ezindala. Amanqaku aphezulu awamkelekanga.
2. Ungayisebenzisi umhlaba wegadi, ngokuba unomxholo ongalinganiyo, kukho i-microflora ye-pathogenic kunye nezinye iingxaki.
3. Unokuthatha umhlaba we-cacti ukuze ukhule izithombo, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukunyamekela i-acidity kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungisa, umzekelo, kunye nomgubo we dolomite.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zamakhukhamba

Ukuba ufuna ukulungisa umhlaba ngokwakho, khumbula ukuba kufuneka ihlangabezane nazo zonke iimfuno ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Ungasebenzisa le ndlela:

1. Ukwenza umhlaba omhle wokutyala izithombo zekhukhamba, xuba 1 inxalenye yomhlaba we-sod kunye ne-humus. Kwibhakethi yale mxube, thabatha i-1 tbsp. umthi womthi.
2. Ezi zikhetho ezilandelayo, zidibanisa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo umhlaba ukusuka kumyezo (omele udlule amanyathelo okulungiselela), ukuthengwa komhlaba "jikelele" kunye nesihlabathi.
3. Ukuze wenze umhlaba ongcono kwiimbewu zamakhukhamba, kufuneka udibanise ii-liters ezingama-20 zomhlaba ohlaza, i-200 g ye-superphosphate ephindwe kabini, i-10 g ye-potassium ye-sulfuric, i-80 g ye-nitmonium nitrate kunye ne-3-4 iipuni ze-ash ash.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zeetamatato

Ukuze ukhule iitamatisi ezintle, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kakuhle umhlaba ukuze wenze izityalo kwaye wenze iintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlwayela okulindelekileyo. Ndiyabulela kulo mhlaba ukuba izityalo zentamatyi zihlale phantsi kwaye ukungabi nalutho kuya kutshabalala. Kukho imixube emininzi efanelekileyo:

1. Hlanganisa ubuninzi obulinganayo umhlaba womyezo, umhlaba ohlaza, isanti kunye ne-humus. Yenza konke. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwibhakethi yamanzi, uchithe i-10 g ye-carbamide, i-30 g ye-superphosphate kunye ne-25 g ye-sulfate ye-potassium. Isisombululo esisiphumo sityhala umhlaba.
2. Kwiresiphi elandelayo, yongeza i-peat kunye nesihlabathi kwilizwe le-sod kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Ukuba akukho nto i-peat, ungayisebenzisa umhlaba othengiweyo, kodwa ukuba akukho zithako kuyo, kufuneka ubeke u-0.5 l wokhuni lomthi kunye neepuni ezimbini ze-superphosphate kwibhakethi.
3. Ungayisebenzisa le mhlaba kwizityalo zentamatato: kwiindawo ezimbini zomhlaba we-turf, yongeza inxalenye ye-humus kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo onomlambo ococekileyo okanye osezantsi. Kwibhakethi yomxube ogqityiweyo uthathe 0.5 ilitha ye-ash ash ash.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zeklabishi

Ukuze ufumane iindlebe ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka usebenzise umhlaba ovundileyo ngokuphendula ngokungathathi hlangothi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba emhlabathini (umhlaba) kwi-klabishi isithombo se-composted sand or sown grained grained. Ungasebenzisa ezi ndlela:

1. Hlanganisa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo komhlaba we-sod, i-humus ne-peat.
2. Ngomxube olandelayo, thabatha iinxalenye ezi-5 zomhlaba we-turf-i-component eyintloko, inxalenye yomlotha kunye ne-1/4 ye-lime nesihlabathi.
3. Kukho enye inketho, ifanele iklabishi, ngoko thabatha iindawo ezintathu ze-peat, inxalenye ye-turf kunye ne-1/4 yesihlabathi.

I-Primer ye-pepper seedling

Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha ipepper, kwaye phakathi kwazo omnye unokukwazi ukuhlula ukubunjwa okuqhelekileyo. Inokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze ulungise umxube womhlaba, udibanise ngokulingana okulinganayo komhlaba we-sod, i-peat kunye nesihlabathi somnayile. Izixhobo ezinikeziweyo zixutywe kakuhle kwaye zongeze igramu ezingama-30 ze-superphosphate kunye ne-potassium sulfate, kunye neekitha ezili-10 zamanzi kunye ne-10 gram ye-carbamide. Yonke ishukumo kwaye ushiye ukuba uyomile. Ukufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lomhlaba olulungele imbewu yepilisi, ungasebenzisa umxube onokulingana kwee-peat, humus ne-sod.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo ze-watermelon

Izityalo ze-melon zinomdla kakhulu kumhlaba, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ivelise, ilula, ikhululekile kwaye inamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umhlaba onomsoco kwizityalo ze-watermelon zingafana neendlela zokukhethwa kwamakhukhamba. Ngomxube ofanelekileyo, udibanise ngokulinganisela komhlaba, isanti yomlambo kunye ne-humus. Iilitha eziyi-10 zomhlaba ogqityiweyo, engeza 1 ilitha yomlotha womthi. Emva koko, umhlaba kufuneka uphathwe njengoko ukhankanywe ngasentla. Ukwakheka komhlaba izityalo, qwalasela iingcebiso ezininzi:

1. Ukuba umhlaba we-turf awunakulungiswa ukususela ekwindla, wuthathe indawo ye-primer esetyenzisiweyo, kodwa khetha kuphela ukhetho oluphezulu.
2. I-humus isetyenzisiweyo kubalulekile ukuba uhluthe isisiti ukususa amagatsha, amacwecwe kunye nezinye iinqununu ezingadingekile.
3. Ngokuphathelele isanti, kufuneka ibe yincinci kwaye ihlambuluke. Ngaphambi kokuyongeza kumxube womhlaba, kufuneka ihlambwe ngamaxesha amaninzi kumanzi ahambayo.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo ze-melon

Ukukhula iziqhamo ezinkulu kwiziko lakho akulula, ngoko kubalulekile ukuhlawula ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ekulungiseleleni umhlaba, okumele ukuba kuzaliswe i-organic. Kukho iresiphi eqinisekisiweyo evunywe ngabalimi abanolwazi. Hlanganisa ubungakanani obulinganayo nomhlaba oqhelekileyo wegadi, uthengiwe umhlaba ngokusekelwe kwi-peat kunye ne-compost ngokupheleleyo. Ngomxube unokubeka i-ash ash kunye nesanti yomlambo. Ukuqaphela oko kufuneka kube ngumhlaba wezityalo, kufuneka uchaze imfuneko yokunyukisana nokuveliswa kwesisombululo se-pink potassium permanganate, esiya kuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwe-disinfection.

Umhlaba ukuze imbewu yeentyatyambo

Ukuba umgomo ukukhula izityalo ezinempilo kwiintyatyambo, ke zonke iingcebiso malunga nokukhethwa komhlaba ezaphambilana ziya kuba zichaphazeleka kulo mzekelo. Umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke, ukhanyise kwaye uvalo ukuvumela umoya ukuba udlule kakuhle kwaye ugcine umswakama. Kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezinxulumene noko akufuneki kufakwe emhlabathini kwiintlobo zeentyatyambo, ezifana ne-compost, iphepha lomhlaba, umququzeleli wemithi, iifomthi zemithi, i-hay kunye ne-peat ephantsi.

Kwiintengiso zeentyatyambo, unokufumana ukhetho olukhulu lweemveliso ezilungiselelwe ngomhlaba, umzekelo, "i-Flora", "umhlaba weJardin", "Violet" njalo njalo. Ungasebenzisa ukhetho lwehlabathi jikelele. Xa uthengi, qwa lasela ukubunjwa, kuba uninzi lwezondlo ezingenakukwazi ukubona izimbali. Ukuba kumhlaba wezityalo ixabiso le-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen liluhlu lwe-300-400 mg / l, ngoko ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwimbewu ye-seeding, kuba iifom eza kuvela.

Izityalo zokutsala

Ukuhlwayela imbewu kunye nokucoca ientyatyambo kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umhlaba omtsha ukukhusela ukusuleleka kumayeza. Kukho ukhetho oluninzi, umhlaba onokukhetha ukwandisa izithombo zeenkwenkwezi:

1. Ukwakhiwa okulula kufaka ukuxuba 1 inxalenye yesihlabathi kunye ne-peat, u-1 wongeza iindawo ezintathu ze-turf. Kulo mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuyibulala i-disinfect yelizwe.
2. Ukuba uthengisa umxube owenziwe ngomhlaba, kungcono ukhethe ukhetho oluthile lwabafundi. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana umhlaba onjalo, uthathe ilizwe ukuze uvelise izityalo zeentyatyambo kwaye wongeze isanti, ugcine inani le-10: 1.
3. Kukho enye inketho efanelekayo kwi-asters: xuba iingxenye ezine ze-peat, ii-2 zomhlaba wegadi kunye ne-1 inxalenye yesihlabathi. Emva koko, faka umlotha, unikezele ukuba iilitha ezili-10 zomxube kufuneka zilandele i-1 tbsp. Yonke into edibeneyo, funda kwaye wongeze 1 tbsp. I-Perlite, eya kususa umswakama obuninzi kunye nokukhusela ukoma komhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuphatha umhlaba.

Umhlaba wezityalo ze-petunia

Enye yemibala eqhelekileyo yi-petunias, emele imbala eyahlukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba umhlaba wezityalo awufanele ube ne-acidity ephezulu, kuba imbewu ayiyi kuvuka kakuhle. I-lime ingasetyenziselwa ukungathathi. Ngokuphathelele ixabiso le-pH ye-petunia, ixabiso kufuneka libe ngamaqumrhu ama-5.5-6. Umhlaba ochanekileyo wezityalo ungenziwa ngezandla, unike iingcebiso:

1. Hlanganisa 1 inxalenye yesanti kunye ne-moss peat, kwaye wongeze ii-2 ze-loam. Ukuba uceba ukukhulisa i-petunia kwi-balconi, xhuma u-30% wobumba olucocekileyo kunye no-70% we-peat ebomvu.
2. Xa ukulima kungenjongo yezorhwebo, ke isanti kunye ne-moss peat kufuneka zihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, kwaye endaweni yokusebenzisa i-loam isebenzisa inxalenye yamagxolo e-spruce kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo we-perlite.