Umxinzelelo ophezulu

Uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwexinzelelo (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwexinzelelo. Khawuqwalasele oko kubalulekile ukuba uxinzelelo lweengcinezelo, ziphi ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kunye nendlela yokuphathwa ngayo.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo yengxinzelelo?

Uhlobo oluphambili lwesifo sisifo esiyintloko, ukuxilongwa kwento eyenziwa ngokupheliswa komfutho wexinzelelo ophezulu. Le yintsholongwane engapheliyo enxulumene nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi. Ekuphuhlisweni kwayo, kukho izinto ezinokubandakanya, kuquka:

• iindawo zokuzalwa ngenxa yokuguquka komzimba;
• ukutshaya, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso elityuwa (ubuninzi be-sodium);
• ukungabikho kwamavithamini athile kunye ne-microelements;
• ukunyanya ;
• i-hypodynamia;
• uxinzelelo rhoqo;
• ubudala, njl

Iimpawu zengcinezelo ebalulekileyo

Esi sifo sivame ukuvela ngokungabonakaliyo, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuphela kwithuba elide kunokuphela kwexinzelelo lwegazi. Umda we-borderline uthathwa njengexabiso le-systolic ("phezulu") uxinzelelo lwegazi 140-159 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. kunye ne-diastolic - 90-94 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.

Kwezinye iimeko, kwizigaba zokuqala zezigulane, ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso zexesha:

• intloko ebunzini okanye kwipiliput;
• ukungcola;
• ntliziyo;
• ingxolo ezindlebeni ;
• Umbono ombini emehlweni.

Le symptomatology ikwandiswa ngexesha lokunyuka okukhulu kwixinzelelo legazi (ingxaki yexinzelelo). Kwixesha elidlulileyo, utshintsho olungenakuguquka kwizitho zangaphakathi kunye neenqwelo zokuguqula zenziwa. Izitho ezijoliswe kuzo: intliziyo, ingqondo, iintso.

Amanyathelo obunzima begazi:

1. Ukukhanya- kubonakaliswe ukwanda kwenyuka kwenyxaso yegazi (uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic - ngaphezu kwama-95 mm Hg). Ukwenziwa komgangatho wexinzelelo ophezulu kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
2. I-moderate - ebonakaliswe ukwanda okuzinzile kwixinzelelo legazi (uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic - 105-114 mm Hg). Kule nqanaba, i-arteriolar yokunciphisa, ukukhulisa i-venule, i-hemorrhage kwi-fundus inokufunyanwa ngokungabikho kwamanye amagciwane.
3. Unzima- obonakaliswe ukwanda okuzinzile kwixinzelelo legazi (uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic - ngaphezu kwe-115 mm Hg). Uxinzelelo lwe-arterial aluqhelekanga nangemva kokuba ingxaki ixazululwe. Kule nqanaba, utshintsho kwi-fundus luya kuthiwa, i-arterio- ne-arterioloclerosis, i-ventricular hypertrophy, i-cardiosclerosis iyaqhubeka. Kubonakala ngathi utshintsho lwezonyango kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

Unyango lwexinzelelo olubalulekileyo

Injongo ephambili kwonyango loxinzelelo olubalulekileyo kukunciphisa umngcipheko we-cardiovascular and other complications, kwakunye nokufa kwabo. Kule nto, akufuneki kuphela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo, kodwa nokunciphisa yonke into engozini. Unyango lweli pathologi lwenziwa iminyaka emininzi.

Izigulane zikhuthazwa ukuba zitshintshe indlela yokuphila, oku:

1. Ukuyeka ukusela utswala nokutshaya.
2. Ukulinganiswa komzimba.
3. Ukumisela umgangatho womsebenzi, ukuphumla nokulala.
4. Nika impilo yokuhlala.
5. Ukunciphisa ukutyiwa kweetyuwa.
6. Ukuqwalasela ukutya kunye ne-predominance yokutya kwezityalo kunye nokunciphisa ekudleni kwamafutha ezilwanyana.

Ukuchithwa kweziyobisi kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezichasayo, ezidibeneyo kwiiklasi eziliqela:

• diuretics;
• abaxhasi be-calcium;
• iigonists zemceiz receptors;
• i-inhibitors ye-enzyme yokuguqula i-angiotensin;
• abachasayo bamkeli be-angiotensin II;
• α kunye β-adrenoblockers.

Ukukhethwa kweziyobisi (okanye udibaniso lwamachiza amaninzi) lwenziwa ngugqirha ngokuxhomekeka kwisigaba sesifo, iminyaka yezigulane, izifo ezithintekayo.