Unyango lweMelanoma

I-Melanoma iyisisu esibi esivela kwiiseli ezidibanisa i-pigment - i-melanins. Esi sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esinokuhlala kwindawo ye-retina yelihlo, iimbumba ezinamaqabunga, kodwa kaninzi ekhumbeni. Indlela yokunyanga i-melanoma, kwaye kwaye ziziphi iindlela ezintsha zokunyangwa kwe-melanoma ezisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ukuya kumhla, siya kuqwalasela.

Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili - unyango oluphumelelayo lwe-melanoma

Kuyadabukisa ukuba, ngokolu vavanyo, ezininzi izigulane ezinomhlaza we-melanoma zibona iimpawu eziphazamisayo ixesha elide (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezu konyaka), kodwa zingabinaki, okanye zisetyenziswe okokuqala unyango lwe-melanoma ekhaya okanye kwizonyango zabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha kwanobuchwepheshe beengcali zifumanisa kunzima ukufumana isigaba sokuqala sokuchithwa kakubi kwebala lokuzalwa. Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa kufuna i-biopsy kunye novavanyo lwakhe.

Izindlela zanamhlanje ezingenasiphelo zokufunda isakhiwo sesikhumba ziyafumaneka, ngokusekelwe kumatshini obuchwephesha bekhompyutha kunye nekhompyutha (i-microscopy epiluminescent, i-fluorescence diagnostics, scanning multispectral, njl.). Ukuchonga ukuveliswa kweenkqubo, ukufumanisa i-metastases isebenzisa i-photoacoustic, i-ultrasound, i-tomographic studies.

Izindlela zokonyangwa kwe-melanoma

Yintoni ebangela ukuba uphuhliso lwe-melanoma - lungaziwa kwada kwangoku, kuphela izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko wesifo zichongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kuyakhuthaza ukuba kunyango lweyeza le-melanoma lenze inkqubela phambili kwaye namhlanje liyakwazi ukuphilisa eso sifo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngoku kufikelele kuphela kwiinqanaba zokuqala.

Indlela ephambili yokunyanga i-melanoma yonyango. Kwinqanaba lokuqala le ndlela ibonakala njengendlela eyodwa yaneleyo yokunyanga. I-melanomas yakho ingasuswa kanye, ukuba ayiyi kukhula kwi- lymph nodes . Kodwa nakwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuxilongwa rhoqo rhoqo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo asibuyanga.

Kwinqanaba lexesha elizayo, xa i-tumor idibene, inomphumela omkhulu kumzimba. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokugqitywa, ezinye iindlela zifunekayo: i- chemotherapy , immunotherapy kunye ne-radiation (radiation) unyango.

1. I-Chemotherapy ijoliswe ekuthintela iinkqubo ze-molecular zohlulo olukhawulezayo lweeseli zesisu.
2. I-Immunotherapy isekelwe ekulawuleni i-antitumor kunye ne-immunostimulating drugs, enokumisa ukusasazeka kweemastastases.
3. Ukunyanga kwamayeza - ukutshatyalaliswa kwamangqamuzana omhlaza ngemisebe ye-ionizing - isetyenziswe kwizigaba zamva, kunye neendlela ezikude.

Ukuba kukho i-lesion engathandabuzekiyo ye-lymph nodes esecaleni kwe-tumor, i-biopsy enye yazo iyenziwa; xa kunqotshwa, susa zonke i-lymph nodes zale ndawo.

Unyango olutsha lwe-melanoma phesheya

Ukufumaneka kwekhwalithi ephakamileyo, izixhobo zokusebenza ezintsha zisenza sikwazi ukuphucula ubuchwepheshe bonyango obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuvelisa ezintsha ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, ukhenketho lwezokwelapha lufumana ukuthandwa, okuvumela ukufumana unyango lwe-melanoma nezinye izifo phesheya - e-Israel, eJamani, eChina, njl.

Phakathi kweendlela ezintsha zokuphatha i-melanoma emazweni angaphandle:

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Cryo- kunye ne-laser , unyango lwe-photodynamic (ukususwa kwe-melanoma).
2. I-vaccinotherapy yindlela yokusetyenziswa kweigciwane ezinokuthi zihlasele iiseli ezimbi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela impilo.
3. Ulwaphulo lweGenes yindlela ethembisayo kakhulu, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekileyo ukucima i-gene ejongene nokwahlukana kweeseli ezibi kunye nokukhula komzimba.

Iindlela zeentlobo zonyango lwe-melanoma

Unyango lwe-melanoma kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela kwiimeko zeziko elizodwa, akukho zindlela zolu hlobo kule nkqubo zichaphazelekayo. Oku akunakwenzeka nje ukulibaziseka ukufumana uncedo lobuchule, olubaluleke kakhulu kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesi sifo, kodwa luye lukhuni kakhulu.