Ngokugqithiseleyo igama elithi "barbiturates" lisetyenziswe kuwo onke amayeza enyango ekhoyo. Enyanisweni, kubaluleke kuphela kwiqela elithile lendlela. Uluhlu lwezilwanyana-izibhengezo zikhulu ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo ukuba amayeza ale qela anemibandela echaseneyo kunye nemiphumo emibi, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kokuncediswa, akunakwenzeka ukulawula.
Inkqubo yesenzo se-barbiturates
Iibharbhitates zenziwa ngesiseko se-acibric acid. Baqulunqwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugqibela. Okwangoku, ukusuka kumawaka angamawaka amabini eyaziwayo izidakamizwa ukudibana kunye nentengiso kungabikho ngaphezu kweshumi. Kucaciswa ngenyathelo elinzima kakhulu lamachiza.
Iibharbiturates zinefuthe elinamandla lokwenza izinto, ukuguqulwa kunye nokuxhomekeka . Ngokuqinisekileyo, amaninzi amaninzi eqela le-barbiturate adibaniswa neziyobisi-ngokufanelekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba izidakamizwa ziphazamisa inkqubo yeentlanzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kusongela ukuzisebenzisa.
Isenzo se-barbiturates sinokufaniswa nokuphendula komzimba kotywala: okokuqala, ixesha lokunyamezela kunye nolonwabo (kuxhomekeke kumgaqo-siseko kunye neemeko zempilo yabantu, eli nqanaba lingadlulela emininzi imizuzu ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu), emva kwe-sleep sleep, emva koko kukho uxinzelelo imeko ephukileyo.
I-pharmacokinetics phantse yonke i-barbiturates ifanayo. Izinto ezisebenzayo zamalungiselelo zikhawuleza kwaye ziphantse zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwiingcambu zesisu. Kwezinye izitho, ukuchithwa kweentengiso kungenzeki. Ngokukodwa, iibhagizi zixutywe emzimbeni ngamazinyo, kodwa xa zithatha iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana, umthwalo omkhulu uwela esibindi.
Amachiza ahluke ngexesha lokuthatha isenzo. Ezifanelekileyo zikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kwingxaki. Ngoko, umzekelo, isigulane esinye siya kuncedwa ukuhlalisa nge-action efutshane (ukuya kwiiyure ezithandathu), ngelixa elinye liyakwazi ukuva umphumo kuphela kwiyeza ezinamandla.
Uninzi lweziyobisi eziluhlu lwee-barbiturates zichazwe kwezi zilandelayo:
- kunye nokudumala;
- ukujongana noxinzelelo;
- iziphazamiso zesifo;
- xa ulungiselela i-anesthesia;
- yokulala .
Ukudla kwangaphambili kwee-barbiturates kuphucula umphumo we-anesthesia wendawo kunye neyeza zonyango. Unokuthatha loo mayeza njengendlela yamacwecwe okanye ama powders, mhlawumbi nge-intravenously or intramuscularly. Ezinye zeziyobisi zivunyelwe ukungena ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa amaxesha onke amaninzi afakwa kwi-barbiturates.
Iibhajethi - zithinta ntoni?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuyamangalisa kangakanani, amagama amaninzi kweziyobisi ezibonwa njengezibhambano zivakala. Kungenzeka ukuba ufanele uve ngeamayeza ezinjenge:
- Phenobarbital;
- Umtshato;
- Heckobarbital;
- Butisol;
- Alurat nabanye.
Uninzi lwamachiza kuloluhlu luyimizuzu engama-barbiturates. Impembelelo emzimbeni, aqala emva kwekota yeyure (kunye ngamanye amaxesha angaphantsi) emva kokuthatha.
Uluhlu lwezidakamizwa ezithandwayo kakhulu zikwabandakanya amayeza alandelayo:
- I-ethanamine ye sodium;
- I-cyclobarbital;
- Talbutal;
- IMetarbital;
- Ukubuyisela;
- Barbamyl;
- Methylphenobarbital;
- I-soopental sodium;
- Fiorinal;
- Nembutal;
- Lozatus;
- Allobarbital nabanye.
Kwiindlela zonyango, i-barbiturates isetyenziswa rhoqo, njengale:
- Suratil;
- Thiopental;
- Brevital.
Thenga zonke izilungiso ezingentla ngaphandle kwemvume kwii-pharmacy ezibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwinqanaba elincinci kakhulu lingafumaneka kwi-dokotela.