Izifo zendlebe zifumaneka rhoqo kwiintsana. Inkqubo yokuvuvukala ingathatyathwa njengesifo esahlukileyo, kunye neengxaki zentsholongwane yintsholongwane. Amayeza okulwa ne-otitis kubantwana ayisoloko esetyenziswa, kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka kwaye unyango olumqondiso.
Ngaba ndifuna i-antibiotic ye-otitis?
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwesilwanyana kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-otitis, ubudala bomntwana, isigaba senkqubo yokuvuvukala. I-antibiotic kwi- otitis ayisetyenziselwa inkambo elula kunye neyesixazululo sesifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unokukwazi ukujamelana nesi sifo ngoncedo lwamaconsi, amafutha okugcoba, iibhola, apho kukho ukunyanzeliswa kwindlebe. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba loo mali kufuneka imiselwe kuphela ngugqirha. Izindlela ezikhethiweyo zonyango zingathintela impilo yomntwana.
Unyango lwe-otitis kunye namayeza anqabileyo udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngefomula okanye ezingapheliyo. Kule meko, unyango luqhutywa ngendlela enzima. Kanye kunye namayeza anokusetyenziswa, oku kulandelayo:
- ezichasayo;
- i-painkillers.
I-Pathogen otitis kubantwana
Ukuvuvukala indlebe kumntwana kaninzi kuqhubeka ngohlobo:
- i-otitis media;
- exudative otitis media.
Ngohlobo lokuqala, inxalenye ephakathi kwendlebe ichaphazelekayo. Oku kuhambelana nobuhlungu obunzima, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuqaqa ukuqala kwesi sifo. I-Otitis media yendlebe ephakathi kubantwana ibangelwa yiibhaktheriya, kodwa ngezinye iimeko nazo zinokuba yiintsholongwane. Phakathi kwezilwanyana eziphambili ze-otitis media:
- pneumococcus ;
- haemophilus influenzae ;
- intsholongwane yokuphefumula (rsv);
- intsholongwane yegciwane;
- adenovirus;
- rhinovirus.
I-media ye-otitis exudative ihamba kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamanzi aphakathi kwendlebe. Akukho zibonakaliso zentsholongwane (intlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukubika akugcinwa). Ukufumanisa isifo kunzima. Kwiimeko ezininzi, lesi sifo sidlula ngokwawo, ngoko akudingeki ukuba uphenduke kwii-antibiotics. Oogqirha bathatha amaqhinga alindelekileyo, ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yengane, ukuqhuba iimviwo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa i-otitis ngaphandle kwe-antibiotics kumntwana?
Kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa umntwana we-otitis ngaphandle kwamayeza. Xa ugunyazisa isiza kunye nokukhetha indlela yokwelapha, oogqirha baqwalasela izinto ezininzi:
- ubudala bomntwana;
- ubunzima besifo;
- iziphumo zophando.
Unyango lwabantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2 ludla ngokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iziyobisi zonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba iindlebe okanye enye ichaphazelekayo. Kwimeko enzima, i-purulent yesi sifo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ayikwazi ukwenza. Ukongeza, ukuba iimpawu zesifo se-otitis asinyamalala emva kweentsuku ezingama-2-3 zonyango olungumqondiso, umbuzo uvela ngokutyunjwa kwe-antibiotics. Isiza kufuneka sichazwe kuphela ngugqirha.
Ziziphi i antibiotics okufanele ndizithathe nge-otitis?
Ukukhethwa kweziyobisi kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lwe-pathogen. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchonga i-antibiotics xa u-otitis kubantwana basebenzise, uhlalutyo lokukhutshwa kwintliziyo ephuma entlebeni okanye ukugqithisa ukugqithisa. Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha basebenzisa ezininzi iziyobisi. Ubungakanani bonyango lwe-antibiotic lubekwe ngabanye. Ngokomyinge, ukumkelwa kweemali ezinjalo kuqhubeka iintsuku ezingama-5-7. Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-6 yonyango banokuba neentsuku ezili-10 (ngeendlela ezinzima ze-otitis). Phakathi kwamaqela asetyenziswa ngamayeza:
- penicillin;
- cephalosporins;
- macrolides .
Penicillin nge-otitis
Ukuthetha ngeziphi i-antibiotics kwi-otitis kubantwana ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwindawo yokuqala abahlengikazi bebeka i-penicillin. Ziyakunyamezela kakuhle ngomzimba womntwana, zineempembelelo ezincinci. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngendlela yamacwecwe, kunye nokumiswa (kubantwana). Isisombululo, ubude kunye nobude bonyango luboniswa ngugqirha ngamnye.
I-penicillin isebenza ngokumalunga nezona zinambuzane ezincinane ze-pathogenic. Ukhusela ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kwawo, ukuthintela uphuhliso olongezelelweyo nokuvelisa. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aqule eli candelo:
- Amoxicillin;
- Flemoxin ;
- Amoxiclav;
- Sulfatamycilin.
Cephalosporins nge-otitis
Unyango lwe-otitis kubantwana abane-antibiotics inokuqhutywa ngoncedo lwale qela leziyobisi. Ziyasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa ukungathobeli komzimba wengane ye penicillin. I-Cephalosporins inefuthe elichasene ne-antimicrobial and rarely causes a reactionic reaction. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo ale qela asetyenziswe kwizilwanyana, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- Cefuroxime;
- Aksetil;
- Omnitsef.
Sebenzisa ii-antibiotics kwi-otitis media kubantwana ngokulumkisa. I-Cephalosporins kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunokutshabalalisa i-vitamin K. Le nkunkuma ithatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwinkqubo ye-hematopoiesis, ukuququzelela inkqubo. Oogqirha bayayifumanisa le ngqalelo, balungiselela i-antibiotic idatha ye-otitis kubantwana. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-cephalosporins, ootitshala bezilwanyana banciphisa ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwabo kwiintsuku ezingama-5.
Macrolides kwi-otitis
La ma-antibacterial agents anamaxesha amaninzi asetyenziswa ekunyangeni i-otitis kubantwana. Ziyasebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni ii-microorganisms zeGram-negative. Ukongezelela, ama-macrolides abandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza komzimba womzimba womntwana, oyeka ukuqhubela phambili kokuvutha. Ngenxa yesiphumo sokukhuseleka, le antibiotics yokuvuvukala indlebe ayikhuthazwa abantwana abasenkulanga.
Phakathi kwamalungiselelo ale qela asetyenziswe kwizonyango, umntu unokukwazi ukwahlula:
- Clarithromycin;
- Roxithromycin;
- Azithromycin.
I-antibiotic ephambili ye-otitis
I-antibiotics kwi-otitis kumntwana kufuneka ikhethwe ngabanye. Xa kuqeshwe le chiza, udokotela wezingane uqikelela izinto ezininzi:
- ubudala bomntwana;
- uhlobo lwe-pathogen;
- kwisigaba sesifo.
Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu, kunokuthi ingqalelo ukuba isicatshulwa esipheleleyo se-antibacterial esiza kunceda ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iimeko azikho. Abazali mabayilandele ngokucacileyo imiyalelo yesigqirha kwaye ningabhekiseli kumntwana wabo ukuphumelela kweyeza, okuthi, ngokutsho komhlobo, wanceda umntwana wakhe. Izenzo ezinjalo zingalimaza umntwana.
Amaconsi ezindlebeni nge-otitis ene-antibiotic
Eli hlobo lamachiza lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zendlebe. Emva kokuxilongwa kwe-otitis media, ama-dropstic drops ngokuyinxalenye yokuqala kwindawo yokuqeshwa kwezingane. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantwana:
- I-Neladex yilungiselelo elidibeneyo equkethe i-antibiotics kunye neqhinga elichasayo. Kakade emva kokuqala kokugxilwa, izibonakaliso zokuvuvukala ziyancipha: ukunyuka kunciphisa, ukukhukhuma kunciphisa. Oku kubangelwe kubukho be-glucocorticosteroid emanzini. Isilwanyana sisetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantwana abadala, emva kweminyaka eyi-12.
- I-Ciprofarm - ichiza libhekisela kwi-fluoroquinolones. Eli qela le-antibiotics livimbela ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwezilwanyana-gciwane (i-Gram-negative bacteria). Isetyenziswe ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-15.
Ukumiswa kwi-otitis
Ukunyanga kweintsana, iziyobisi ezichasene ne-antibacterial in the form of suspension zivame ukusetyenziswa. Oku kubangelwa ukukhululeka kwe-dosing nokulawulwa kweziyobisi. Ezi antibiotics ze-purulent otitis zinokumiselwa unyango lweintsana. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo:
- I-Sumamed i-macrolide yembonakalo ebanzi. Isilwanyana esikhutshwe ngesimo sokumiswa komlomo singasetyenziswa kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Iyeza linomdla omnandi, ngoko abantwana bayithatha ngokuzonwabisa. Isisombululo sibalwa ngugqirha ethatha ingqalelo ubunzima bomzimba bomntwana. Thatha iyeza 1 ixesha ngosuku.
- I-Augmentin iyisisisigxina semisynthetic. Kusetyenziswa ukuphatha abantwana kwiinyanga ezintathu. Thatha amaxesha amathathu ngosuku, i-dosage ibalwa nganye.
- I-Supraks - ibhekisela kwi-cephalosporins. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-otitis media kwindlebe ephakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwezi-6. Isistim kunye nexesha lokumkela libekwe ngumntwana wezingane.
Antibiotic kwiipilisi
I-antibiotics kwi-otitis media kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-6 idlalwa ngokwemiqathango yamacwecwe. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kule njongo zi:
- I-Clacid i-macrolide ye-macrolide. Ifom etafile ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantwana ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Isisombululo kunye namaxesha amaninzi okwamkelwayo amiselwe ngamnye. Ixesha lokumkelwa liyi-5-14 iintsuku, kuxhomekeke kwisibandezelo sesi sifo.
- I-Amoxiclav - i-antibiotic yechungechunge le-penicillin, elithetha umxube we-amoxicillin, i-penicillin, i-clavulanic acid. Kwiipilisi kusetyenziselwa unyango lwabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12 ubudala. Umyinge ubalwa ngokumalunga nesisindo somguli omncinci.
Izigulane kwi-otitis
I-antibiotiki yokuvuvukala indlebe kumntwana ngendlela yejojo isetyenziswe xa unyango kunye namacwecwe kunye nokumiswa akuzange kusebenze. Iziza-antibiotic ezifana ne-otitis kubantwana zisetyenziselwa xa isifo sifumaneka kwisithuba sexesha elide - kufuna ukuba kuqalwe ukuqala kwefuthe. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswe ngesisombululo se-injections:
- Ceftriaxone yi-cephalosporin yesizukulwana sesithathu, esetyenziswa kwiifom eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-purulent otitis. Umyinge ubalwa ngugqirha. Isilwanyana sinokusetyenziswa ukususela ekuzalweni.
- Cefazolin - powder for the preparation of solution for injection. Isetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantwana ukusuka kwinyanga 1.
- UCefipim - abekwe kwiimeko ezizodwa. Umba owomileyo wokulungiselela ukulandelelana kwezigulana (injections). Kuyi-antibiotics eqinekileyo eneerhulm elikhulu. Iintsana kunye neentsana zinikwe isibisi esibhedlele phantsi kwelo lugqirha loogqirha.