Abazali bafanele bazi ukuba yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-hemoglobin kubantwana. Esi sibonakaliso esibalulekileyo, ukuvumela ukuvavanya imeko yezempilo yomntwana. Kubalulekile ukuqonda kwangaphambili okokuphuka kwinto evamile kunye nokuba yiyiphi into ebangela ukuba bangabikho. Oku kuya kuvumela ukufumana ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha le-pathological process kwaye uqale ukusebenza ngexesha.
Uhlalutyo lwe-hemoglobin
Ukuqwalasela le ncwadana, uvavanyo lwegazi lwekliniki lwenziwa. I-Hemoglobin yiprotheni eyinkimbinkimbi ehambelana neheme. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuthutha i-oksijeni kuzo zonke iifom kunye nokudlulisa i-carbon dioxide kumapapu. Uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin umntwana kufuneka lube luncike kwixesha lomntwana. Ubuninzi bubonwa kwiintsana. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweveki ezimbalwa i-hemoglobin evamile kubantwana iyancipha. Ixabiso lesalathisi, elungileyo kumntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, libhekwa njenge-anemia ineminyaka engama-3 ubudala.
Ixabiso le khonkco lithonywe yizinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukuncelisa umntwana - iintsana ekunceliseni ibele kungenakwenzeka ukuba zihluthe i- anemia kunabantwana abondla imixube yokufakelwa.
- I-Genetic predisposition - ukuba umama akanalo nayiphi na ingxaki zempilo ekhethekileyo kwaye i-hemoglobin ingaphantsi kwesiqhelo, mhlawumbi imeko iya kubonwa kwiimvuthu.
- Imozulu yezempilo - kukho inani leepatriloji apho i-protein ye-iron equlethwe ngegalelo iphezulu okanye iphantsi kuneyona evamile.
- Ixesha lexesha - ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekwindla nakubusika i-hemoglobin index isinciphisa.
- Imeko yowesifazane ngexesha lokuzala umntwana .
Uhlalutyo lwe-hemoglobin - ukulungiselela
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zophando zijonge kunokwenzeka, kufuneka zithathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Abanye abazali banomdla kwi-blood test ye-hemoglobin kwisisu esingenanto okanye angenzi. Iingcali zincoma ukuba isifundo sifunde kwisisu esingenalutho. Ngokuqhelekileyo igazi linikezwa kusasa: ngaphambi kokufunda okunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba ungasiphuza amanzi atywala amhlophe. Kukho ezinye izinto ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi:
- Usuku olungaphambi kokufundwa, kubalulekile ukuba umntwana akalangazelanga (abantwana abadala kufuneka bakhuselwe kwimisebenzi yemidlalo enzulu).
- 3-4 iintsuku ngaphambi kokuba uthathe uvavanyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungayeki ukuthatha imichiza (ngaphandle kweziyobisi ezibalulekileyo, ukuba ugqirha kufuneka wazi malunga nokuthatha).
- Iiyure ezili-12 phambi kokuvavanywa, iifomese kufuneka zifakwe ngaphandle kokutya komntwana.
Ungathabatha njani uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin?
Le nkqubo ngokwayo ibandakanya ukutyunjwa komunwe kunye nesincinci seempendulo zegazi. Emva kokuba izinto zihanjiswe kwibhubhoratri ukuze uphonononge ngokugqithiseleyo ngeengcali. Iziphumo ziya kuba zilungele kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2. Ngaphambi kokunika igazi i-hemoglobin kumntwana, abazali baxwayiswa ngale nto. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho iimviwo ezongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin enesisindo kungenziwa kumiselwe. Esi sibonakaliso sikuvumela ukuba ufumane isifo sikashukela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuqala kwonyango.
Isiqhelo se-hemoglobin egazini kubantwana
I-WHO iye yavelisa iikhrayitheriya zokuvavanya eli lathisi. Isimiso se-hemoglobin kubantwana sihlaziywa ngeminyaka-i-tafile kunye nedata jikelele iqulethe zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Iimpawu ezifunyenweyo ngenxa yesifundo zifaniswa namaxabiso abalwa. Kwiintsana ezingasengaphambili, i-hemoglobin egazini ephantsi kwegazi. Abantwana abanjalo basengozini enkulu yokuphucula i-anemia.
Isiqhelo se-hemoglobin kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye
Umlinganiselo ophezulu kwintsana ngenxa yokuba umntwana uqokelele isitya sesinyithi ngexesha lokuhlala esibelethweni. Nangona kunjalo, iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa, ixabiso loluphawu linciphisa kancane kancane. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, i-hemoglobin kwintsana esanda kuzalwa kunye nosana olukhulile luhlukile kwiimilinganiselo. Kwixesha elizayo, isibonakaliso sincike kakhulu kwisondlo somntwana.
I-Hemoglobin - isisiseko kubantwana emva konyaka
Ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba le protein, udokotela wezingane unika uvavanyo lwe-hematological kabini ngonyaka kumntwana. Abantwana abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo uphando olunjalo luqhutywa rhoqo kwikota.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zikhombisi:
- i-hemoglobin engumntwana oneminyaka elilodwa-140 g / l;
- ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2 isalathisi somntwana silingana no-1 ngonyaka;
- kwiminyaka emi-5 isiqhelo se-hemoglobin kubantwana sanda kancinci;
- ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ixabiso lifikela "izikhombisi" zabantu.
I-hemoglobin ephantsi kumntwana
Ukunciphisa kwinqanaba leprotheni egazini lwenzeka kaninzi ngaphezu kokugxininiswa kwalo. Le meko kwiyeza iyaziwa njenge-anemia. Kuphawulwe kwi-47% yamatyala abantwana abasenkulisa kunye nama-25% kubantwana besikolo. I-hemoglobin eyanciphekileyo kumntwana ihamba kunye neempawu:
- buthathaka;
- ngxamele ukutya ;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala (ukusilalisa okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukunyamezela okukhulu);
- syncope rhoqo;
- isikhumba;
- ukungcola.
I-anemia yimeko enobungozi engakhokelela kwimiphumo enjalo:
- ukukhulelwa komzimba ;
- ukuphulwa kwemiphunga kunye nentliziyo;
- baxhamla kwimisebenzi yokuqonda (ingqwalasela, ingqalelo, ukukwazi ukufunda);
- ukulibaziseka ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba.
Ukunyusa i-hemoglobin - kubangela umntwana
Iincinci ezincinci zeprotheyini ezinokwenziwa kwintsimbi zinokushukunyiswa yimibandela eyahlukeneyo. Iimbangela ze-hemoglobin ephantsi kubantwana zilandelayo:
- Ukulahleka kwegazi - i-acute (ayigcinwa emva kokuhlinzwa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwangoku) okanye engapheliyo (ebangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo);
- ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo yokutya;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- neoplasms ezimbi;
- ulonda lwesifo;
- i-pathology, apho umzimba ungagcini insimbi;
- ukutya okuninzi kunye nesidlo;
- iyingane ayisoloko ivulekile.
Indlela yokwandisa i-hemoglobin kumntwana?
Ukwandisa ukubaluleka kwiprotheni enesinyithi egazini, indlela edibeneyo kufuneka isetyenziswe. Iquka izikhokelo ezinjalo:
- unyango lweziyobisi;
- izilwanyana zabantu;
- yokutya.
Ukuchithwa kweziyobisi kuhlose ukwandisa inani lentsimbi egazini kunye nokubuyisela izitokisi ze-microelement kwisibindi. Uninzi lwabaqeshwa lwenziwa kwiinyanga ezintathu. Eli xesha lithathwa njengelona lifanelekileyo: umzimba ugcinwa ngexabiso elifanelekileyo leproteinyini ene-iron. Oku kunciphisa umonakalo we-anemia. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa i-hemoglobin kumntwana, ugqirha uyalela ukuhlolwa. Ukukhusela i-anemia, ngokuqhelekileyo loo mayeza anqunywe:
- IFerk Lek;
- I-sulphate ye-Ferrous;
- Ferrograd;
- Fefol;
- I-gluconate isinyithi;
- Heferol.
Njengonyango olungabancedisi, amayeza omntu angasetyenziswa. Kumele ukuba zilawulwe phantsi kolawulo loogqirha. Eyona nto iphumelelayo yilungiso elenziwe kuma-apricot omisiwe, ama-kernels of walnuts kunye ne-prune (nganye icandelo lama-200 g). Kwakhona thabatha i-1 lemon. Izithelo ezomileyo, izantyambo kunye neziqhamo zase-citrus ziphantsi komhlaba. Emva koko ucebise ukubunjwa ngeglasi yobusi kwaye udibanise yonke into. Esi sidakamizwa kufuneka sinikezelwe umntwana 1 ithisipuni kabini ngosuku. "Isilwanyana" sigcinwe kwisitya seglasi evalwe ngokuqinileyo kwisiqhamo.
Ukuba i-hemoglobin ephantsi kumntwana-enokuyenza, udokotela wezingane uyazi. Uya kuncomela ukuba abazali bacebise ukutya komntwana kunye nemveliso enjalo:
- turkey;
- yenkomo;
- isibindi;
- iimbotyi (iifayi, ubhontshisi, iilenti);
- iklabishi yolwandle;
- izithelo ezintsha kunye namajikijolo;
- iidroti, iitamatayi, iibhontshisi, i-cauliflower kunye nezinye iifuno.
I-hemoglobin ephakamileyo emntwaneni
Ixabiso lekhompyutheni yeprotheni elinezinyithi ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, kwakhona, kuthathwa njengophambuko. Inyaniso yokuba i-hemoglobin egazini lomntwana iphakanyisiwe inokugwetywa ngempawu:
- kulala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamalungu omzimba ngamnye;
- ukulahleka kombono;
- i-arrhythmia;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- ukunyuka komzimba;
- ukulahleka kwesidlo;
- ubukho begazi kwi-stool;
- kubetha.
Abazali kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-hemoglobin ephakamileyo emntwaneni inokukhupha iziphumo ezinzima:
- ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wengqondo;
- thrombosis;
- iinjongo kunye ne-pancreas ukungasebenzi;
- ukuhlaselwa intliziyo okanye ukubetha.
Ukwandisa i-hemoglobin kumntwana-izizathu
Ukwanda kwesosiza seprotheni elinezinyithi egazini ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukungabikho kwiplasma okanye ukuxinwa okuphezulu kwamaseli obomvu. Ukuba i-hemoglobin ebantwaneni iphakamileyo, oku kudla ngokubangela izizathu ezinjalo:
- bushushu obuphezulu;
- uxinzelelo oluqinileyo;
- izifo zeengtso;
- ukupheliswa kwamanzi ;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- izifo zegazi;
- Ukudla kwexesha elide;
- ukwephulwa kwegazi;
- izifo eziphilayo.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-hemoglobin egazini lomntwana?
Isalathisi esiphezulu seprotheni asiyisifo: sisona nje uphawu olubonisa inkqubo yentsholongwane eyenziwa emzimbeni. Umsebenzi ogqirha ugqirha ukufumanisa isizathu sokwandisa i-hemoglobin kwaye kulungelelanise ukubaluleka kwayo kungekudala. Ukuba ngenxa yolu vavanyo ugqirha uyafumanisa ukuba isalathisi seprotheni esinezityalo esakhulile emva kokugula kwangoku, unokumisela amayeza. Injongo yolu hlobo unyango lwegazi. Esinye sezidakamizwa ezimiselweyo nguHeparin. Umyinge kunye nobude bonyango lubekwe ngugqirha.
Xa izinga le-hemoglobin ebantwini liphakamileyo, abazali kufuneka banake ingqalelo kwiimvumba. Imveliso enomxholo ophezulu wesinyithi kufuneka ikhutshwe:
- ibhakede;
- iibrenta;
- iipulo;
- isibindi.
Ekudleni komntwana kufuneka abekho mveliso:
- iintlanzi (iintlobo eziphantsi kweoli);
- zokutya kwezilwanyana;
- inyama yenkukhu emhlophe;
- i-cottage cheese;
- iimveliso zobisi ezivuthayo;
- ushizi.
Ukuba isiqhelo se-hemoglobin ebantwaneni abancinci sidlulileyo, abazali banconywa amanyathelo angaphezulu:
- Nika umntwana ngesiselo esininzi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba i-crumb ayidlala kakhulu (umsebenzi womzimba ophezulu ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin).
- Qaphela ukuba kwigumbi apho umntwana ekhona, kwakukho umswakama oqhelekileyo.