Ukuba ubhekene nesifo njengesifo se-cytomegalovirus, yintoni na kwaye kuyingozi kumntu-le yimibuzo yokuqala ofuna ukuyibuza ingcali. Ukuxilongwa kwangoku kuqhube phambili phambili ekufumaneni izifo ezingaziwa ngaphambili. I-Cytomegalovirus iyinkohliso, ayisoloko isinika umfanekiso ocacileyo weklinikhi, nendlela yokunyanga ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-cytomegalovirus ukwenzela ukuba ugqithise ngokupheleleyo isifo sengqobana ngumsebenzi ophuthumayo oogqirha.
Yintoni i-cytomegalovirus?
Ukusuleleka kwe-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV) okanye i-cytomegaly yintsholongwane encinci efunyenwe ngo-1956. I-Microbiologist iye yafumanisa le ntsho longwane njengengowentsapho ye-herpesvirus-isifo se- herpesvirus ye-5. Intsapho ye-Herpesvirus yinkalo enkulu kunazo zonke izifo ezikhoyo ukuya kutsho, kwaye yonke isibini umntu ohlala eMhlabeni ufumana le nto okanye ngaleyo ndlela. Umthombo wentsholongwane kunye nenkunkuma yentsholongwane yindoda kuphela.
Ubuninzi phakathi kwabantu kukuba:
- 10-15% phakathi kwabantu abatsha;
- ukuya kwi-50% yobudala beqela ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu.
Ukuzinza kwe-cytomegalovirus kwimeko yangaphandle ayibalulekanga, ayinyamezeli ukutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa, iqhwa:
- ngo-4 ° - isebenza kwiinyanga ezi-3;
- + 22 ° C (igumbi t °) - ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2;
- + 37 ° C - ukugqibezela intsholongwane yeentsholongwane kwiiveki ezimbini;
- -22 ° C - ilahlekelwa iipropati zayo emva kweveki ezi-3;
- kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet ibulala imizuzu engama-7.
I-cytomegalovirus ihanjiswa njani?
I-cytomegalovirus (i-CMV) ibonakaliswe njani, yintoni na, kwaye ziphi iindlela zokudlulisa izinto ezikhoyo - le micimbi ifanelekileyo, ekubeni intsholongwane inomonakalo emzimbeni. Ukungena emzimbeni womntu, i-CMV "iyalela" kwiiseli ezilungileyo. Ukutheleleka kwintsholongwane ye-cytomegalovirus kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abantwana kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu asebekhulile kwenza kube nzima ukukhetha iindlela zokonyango. Ngokwenene, indlela yokungena kwintsholongwane yindalo yendalo yendalo. Nantsi indlela i-cytomegalovirus ifuthelwa ngayo:
- igazi - ngexesha lokumpontshelwa, ukufakelwa komzimba, ngokusebenzisa amanxeba kunye nokusika, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ngexesha lokubeletha (ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana);
- umlenze - indlela yokuhamba emoyeni (ukukrazula, ukuthetha ne-virus carrier), kisses;
- isilwanyana, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi ngesisu - ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo;
- Ubisi - umntwana usulelekile ngokuncelisa.
Iyiphi i-cytomegalovirus eyingozi?
Amaseli omzimba omzimba omntu alindile impilo yakhe, aze awele kwiimpawu kunye neendlela zomntu onempilo onomzimba okhuselekileyo, i-cytomegalovirus ihlala kwimeko eseleyo (isigaba se-virion) ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha ebomini. Kodwa iimeko zokuphila kwimihla ngemihla zonakalisa kakhulu amandla okukhusela omzimba, ngoko isifo siyanda. I-CMV iyingozi kubantu:
- kunye nemisebenzi yokunciphisa umzimba (abantwana, abakhulileyo, abagulisa izigulane);
- ukudibanisa nezinye izifo, oko kuthiwa "ukuxuba ukuxuba": i-CMV ne- HIV , i-CMV ne-hepatitis B, i-C ibangela ukuphuhliswa okupheleleyo kwezifo;
- abafazi abakhulelweyo - kuyaziwa ukuba i- cytomegalovirus ekukhutheni ingabangela iziganeko ze-mutagenic ne-teratogenic ekukhuleni komntwana.
Usulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus
Ukubonakaliswa kwesiphi na isifo kubandakanya izigaba eziliqela:
- sulelo;
- ixesha elide (latent);
- ukubonakaliswa kweempawu (isigaba esibi);
- ukubuyisela okanye ukutshintshela kwifomu engapheliyo kunye nexesha lokuxolelwa.
Ifom ye-CMV ibonakalisiwe ukususela kwithuba lokusulelwa kwintsholongwane yempawu ezibonakalayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-20-60. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kunokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Usuleleko lwe-cytomegalovirus olwenziwe ngumntwana lufunyenwe ngokutshintshwa kwebala okanye ngexesha lokungena komntwana emva kokuzalwa komsele. Ifomu elimangalisayo le-CMV kwintsana elitsha liyingozi kuba linokukhupha:
- ukuphuhliswa kwengxube yobusana kunye nokwandiswa kwesibindi;
- splenomegaly ;
- ukubola kwegazi kwizitho zangaphakathi;
- umonakalo kwinkqubo yomnatha.
Usuleleko lwe-cytomegalovirus
Ifomu engapheliyo ye-CMV ibonakaliswa ngokunyuka kwesifo ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yezinto ezahlukeneyo:
- ubonakaliso bonyaka (ekwindla-entwasahlobo);
- iziphumo ezixinzelelekileyo zesikhathi eside;
- i-hypothermia ;
- ukungondleki (i-carbohydrate engadliyo, ukutya okunomdla wokutya, utywala obuninzi kunye nobunzima);
- ubomi obunokuziphatha ngokwesondo.
Ngendlela engapheliyo, iiseli apho intsholongwane ifinyelele ngokuyinhloko iyatshatyalaliswa: izilonda ze-salivary, iiseli zegazi, izilwanyana ze-lymphoid, kunye neembumba zamalungu omzimba. Iiseli ziba zikhulu ngobukhulu, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-megalocytosis. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli "ezivuvulayo" zilahlekelwa ukukwazi ukwabelana kunye nokufa, zibangele ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungezile, apho isifo sengculaza sifakwa khona.
I-Cytomegalovirus - iimpawu
I-Cytomegalovirus yiyiphi impawu kunye nendlela yokubona ukuba umzimba uhlaselwe yintsholongwane engathanga? I-Symptomatology ye-cytomegaly eqhelekileyo kwaye ingapheliyo kwaye ayifani neyobonakalayo kwezinye izifo. Ugqirha onamava usenokukrokra ubukho besifo ngenxa yeempawu, kodwa igama lokugqibela lihlala lilandelwa uphando lwezibilini zesigulane. Ukufumanisa indlela ukukhulelwa kwe-cytomegalovirus kubonakalisa ngayo - iimpawu zayo zihlala zixhomekeke kwimpendulo yomzimba yomzimba.
Ukusuleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-cytomegaly ayikho, umntu uziva ephilile, engaqhathaniswa nokuxakeka kunokuba kukho imeko efana ne-mononucleose efana nentsholongwane ye-CMV elandelelweyo ebonakaliswe yiimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukhathala okwandisiweyo;
- i-malaise;
- ekhanda rhoqo;
- ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza kunye nentuthuko yomsizi;
- ukuthunga okubandayo;
- rhinitis rhoqo;
- intlungu yendawo kwiimisipha, amaqela;
- ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe kwimbono (ukunqotshwa kweelballs);
- Ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes kwisiza sokusungula intsholongwane;
- ukuphulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kwabesetyhini, inkunkuma kunye nefuthe.
Ngendlela efihlakeleyo, uphawu lweempawu lukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, okokuqala ngoluhlobo lweempawu ezihlukeneyo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha umzimba uya kucace. Amaxesha okuxolelwa okunye kunye nokuvuselelwa kweempawu. Iimpawu ze-CMV kubantwana abanamafomu azalwa kunye namafomu afumanekayo (aya kubonakala kwiminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala kwaye afumane i-heyday ngeminyaka eyi-8-9):
- ukuvalelwa kunye nokukhubazeka kombono;
- rhoqo iARVI;
- ukunyanzeliswa kokuthintela;
- intlungu kunye kunye.
Usulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus
Imiphumo yentsholongwane ye-cytomegalovirus kwifom epheleleyo ifana nomntu onobungozi obunzima kumzimba wonke. Umfanekiso wekliniki kunye nale fomu ikhanya kakhulu, iimpawu zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ifom yelizwe jikelele ayinqabile, enezifo ezinzima: ukusuleleka ngu-HIV, isifo esithathelwanayo kunye nesifo esiphefumulayo sesifo sokubulala i-hepatitis. Iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-cytomegalovirus kubantu abadala:
- umkhuhlane kunye nokuthuthumela okukhulu;
- ngokukhawuleza kwakha imiphunga ye-pneumonia ngokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela komzimba;
- isilonda sesisu kunye ne-perforation;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlungu ze-cranial;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-retina yamehlo;
- leonorgan lesion.
Isibonakaliso kubantwana abazalwa nge-CMV:
- ukungalungi kwentetho;
- chorioretinitis;
- isithulu;
- ukungaboni (i-atrophy ye-optic nererves);
- i-hydrocephalus;
- malformation yo kuzalwa;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous central (ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yengqiqo).
Ukuchongwa kwesifo se-cytomegalovirus
Izifundo zamathambo zanamhlanje kwixesha elifutshane libonisa i-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo, kuba ngaphambili unyango luye lwaphumelela, luphumelele kakhulu kwiziphumo zalo. Uhlalutyo lwe-cytomegalovirus lubalulekile kunye neenjongo zokukhusela, xa abatshati abasha baceba ukukhulelwa. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, ukuxilongwa kuyisisiseko sokuthula kwengqondo yowesifazane ekuveliseni ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana ongakazalwa.
Igazi le-cytomegalovirus
Amachiza omzimba afanelekileyo kwi-cytomegalovirus ayafunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-serological blood. Olu hlobo lwesifundo lujoliswe ekufumaneni i-IgG / IgM immunoglobulins:
- IgG - ukufunyanwa kwale nqanaba ye-antibodies ayinaso ixabiso elikhulu lokuxilonga. Esi sibonakaliso sokuba umzimba udibene nokusuleleka kwaye uphathwa. Kodwa enye inzuzo ye-anti-IgG yintsholongwane iqala ukufumana ukuba i-titer yabo idlulele kwisiqhelo ngokuphindwe ngamaxesha amane-ukubonisa ukuba isifo siphelele ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukudibana nokuqala kwintsholongwane.
- I-IgM isalathisi esibonisa ukuba nobukho be-agent echaphazelekayo emzimbeni, ngokungafani ne-IgG, ezi zixhobo zokulwa zihlanganiswa ngumzimba wokuqala, zivela egazini emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, xa i-symptomatology ingabonakali.
Uhlalutyo lwe-PCR (ukuphendulwa kwe-polymer chain) - ukufumanisa kunye nokwahlukana kwe-genome ye-DNA ye-Pathogen ngenjongo yokufunda ithathwa njengesicatshulwa esinempumelelo kakhulu ekufumaneni i-CMV:
- ukuchaneka nokuchaneka ukuya kuma-95%;
- Uhlalutyo lwenziwe kwiintsuku ezimbini;
- Ukuvakalelwa okukhulu kunceda ukuchonga isifo kwizigaba zokuqala.
I-Cytomegalovirus kwi-smear
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo kunokungasebenzi, kusekelwe kuphela kwisifundo esinye. Indlela echanekileyo iyasivumela ukuba sifumane umfanekiso woxilongo. I-Cytomegalovirus yabasetyhini ifunyanwa ngokukrazula i-mucosa yesisu kunye ne-urethra. I-Cytology ye-smear inceda ekufumaneni i-antibodies kwintsholongwane kwaye ifumene iiseli eziye zatshintshwa ngokweenzululwazi ngenxa yempembelelo yesifo sengculaza.
I-Cytomegalovirus - unyango
Isiqinisekiso esiphezulu sempilo siyakhusela, kodwa njani ukunyanga i-cytomegalovirus ukuba isifo sele sithe sachongwa? Umsebenzi wogqirha kukunyusa ukucaciswa kwezigulane: indlela yokuchonga i-cytomegalovirus, yintoni na, yintoni imiphumo engaba yintoni xa iingcebiso zonyango zinganakwa kwaye iingcebiso zegqirha azizisebenzisi. Ukunyangwa kosulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus kubonakala ngathi:
- I-Mononucleosis kunye nohlobo olulandelayo lwonyango alufunanga.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-Symptomatic lujoliswe ekupheliseni iimpawu.
- Ngohlobo lwe-intrauterine (congenital) ye-CMV, i-ganciclovir isicatshulwa imiselwe.
- Uchungechunge lwamayeza e-interferon.
- Ii-immunoglobulins zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukukhuseleka.
- Xa isilonda emlonyeni sidinga ukuhlambulula ngesisombululo se-furacillin, i-decoctions yeerbsb.
- Amafutha aniviral (acyclovir, tebrofenic, oxolinic) asetshenziselwa utywala olusenyongweni lwangaphandle.
- Ulwaphulo oluninzi lokunyuswa kwe-infusion lusetyenziswa kwisiganeko esinzulu seklinikhi.