Ubungcali obunqabileyo obuchanekileyo kwiyeza kuthiwa yi-hematology, baninzi abantu ababaziyo, unobungozi beemfuyo, nguye iziphi izifo aziphathayo kunye naziphi na iziganeko zokubonisana kwale gqirha kuyadingeka. Makhe sithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto.
I-Hematologist - ngubani na oku kunye nokuphilisa?
I-Hematology - ulwahlulo lwamayeza, ogama lakhe linemizi yamandulo yesiGrike kwaye liguqulela ngokuqondile "ukufundisa kunye negazi." Umsebenzi oyintloko wale nzu lulwazi kukufunda isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yegazi. Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yegazi kuqondwa ukuba zonke iinxalenye ze-hemopoiesis (i-bone marrow, i-lymph nodes, thymus), izitho zokubhubha kwegazi (i-spleen, imithwalo yegazi) kunye negazi ngokwalo (iinqunto zalo). Ukuqhubela phambili kule nto, ugqirha-i-hematologist inxaxheba ekutyhileni nasekunyango kwezilwanyana zegazi.
Ekubeni igazi lihlamba zonke izitho kunye nezicubu zomzimba, ziba kunye neziqhagamshelwano ezingenakulungelelaniswa, i-hematologists kufuneka ikwazi ukufumana ulwazi olubanzi lwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Ulungelo lweengcali kule ndawo lufunyenwe ngabagqirha emva kwekhosi yeminyaka emibili kwi-hematology. Kwixesha elizayo, intsimi ye-hematologist yomsebenzi ingadibana nenye yeengingqi:
- Umsebenzi wokuphanda - usebenza kwii-laboratories apho kuhlaziywa iindidi zeempembelelo zegazi kunye neempompa zethambo zamathambo kwaye iziphumo zazo ziguqulelwe, kwenziwa iimvavanyo, iindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga kunye nokonyango ziphuhliswa.
- Imisebenzi kunye neprophylactic imisebenzi - umsebenzi osebenzayo ngqo nezigulane, okubandakanya ukufakwa kwezigulane, ukuqeshwa kwamanyathelo okuhlola, ukhetho lwezonyango kunye nokunye.
Ngubani na?
Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, ukuxilongwa kwe-hematologist eqhubayo kugxininisa ukuxilongwa kwezilwanyana zegazi kunye neyeza zabo. Ukongezelela, oogqirha bafundela izizathu zokuvela kwezifo, iindlela zabo zokuthintela uphuhliso lwabo. Basebenzisana ngokugqithisileyo noogqirha bezinye iindawo ezizodwa: oogqirha, oncologists, abanezintsholongwane zezilwanyana, izityalo zezofuzo kunye nokunye. Kukho izikhokelo ezinjenge-hematologist yabantwana (ujongana nezifo zegazi kubantwana), i-hematologist-oncologist (uzinikele ekuqaphelisweni nasekunyangeni izifo ezimbi zesifo segazi).
Yintoni eyenza i-hematologist?
Ukuqwalasela, i-hematologist-ukuba ngubani, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba intsimi yomsebenzi wale ngcali iquka i-pathologies engakhokelela ekuphuculeni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezinto zegazi. Ngexesha elifanayo, akukho kumandla akhe okonakalisa iziko ze-hematopoiesis okanye ukubhujiswa kwegazi, kungabangela ukuhluleka kokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxenye zegazi (umzekelo, ukulimala kwepeni, ukuvuvukala kweempawu ze-lymph kunye nabanye).
Ukuze uqonde kangcono into eyenziwa yi-hematologist, dwelisa i-pathologies ephambili ayenzayo:
- i-anemia yemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo;
- myeloma;
- leyemiaid leukemia ;
- i-lymphocytic leukemia;
- i-thrombocytopenia ;
- ukugula kwemitha;
- leukocytosis;
- i-leukopenia njalo njalo.
Ndifanele ndihambe nini kwi-hematologist?
Kukho imbonakalo ethile ekufuneka ihlawulwe, kuba ingaba iimpawu zeengxaki ze-hematologic. Makhe sihlule le miqondiso, ebonisa ixesha lokulungisa i-hematologist:
- ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba, elibhekiselwe ngezikhathi ngezizathu ezingekho isizathu;
- Ubuthathaka obuqhubekayo, ukukhathala;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ubomvu obusoloko obuqhubekayo;
- i-cyanosis yolusu, engahambelani nezifo zangaphakathi;
- i-lymph nodes;
- intlungu rhoqo entloko yomsuka ongaziwa;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo ngaphandle kwezizathu ezijoliswe kuyo;
- ukubethelwa ngamabhodlela amancinci;
- Ukuphuma ngexesha elide emva kokuncitshiswa kwezinto ezincinci;
- ukuvakala rhoqo kokubetha kwizandla;
- isitenxo sokuthatha ixesha elide.
Ukongezelela, ukubonisana kwe-hematologist kuyadingeka kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- ukuqala kokukhulelwa;
- cwangcisa ukukhulelwa komntwana;
- kwandisa imvelaphi yomsakazo kwindawo yokuhlala.
Ukuqeshwa kuka-hematologist njani?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hematologist ifumana ukuhanjiswa kwindlela yonyango wengingqi okanye omnye oya kugqirha. Ezi zengcali zizamkela izigulane kumaziko amakhulu ezonyango, iiproyclinics zemvelo, iiklinikhi zangasese, kwaye awuyi kufumana i-hematologists kwiipycyclinics eziqhelekileyo zommandla. Xa uza kubona i-hematologist, kufuneka ulungele ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga zingahlelwa ukuba zihlelwe ngosuku olufanayo. Ngenxa yoko, kucetyiswa ukuba le mithetho ilandelayo ibonelelwe:
- Ungadli iiyure eziyi-12 ngaphambi kokutyelela i-hematologist.
- Musa ukutshaya okanye ukusela utywala.
- Ungafaki ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza.
- Ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi udla ngosuku ngaphambi kokubonisana.
Kutheni kwaye uhlolisisa njani i-hematologist?
Izigulane ezininzi eziza kutyelela le ngcali, zixhalabele ngento ohlolwa ngayo i-hematologist, indlela eya kwamkelwa ngayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukumkela kuqala ngento yokuba ugqirha uphulaphula izikhalazo, udliwano-ndlebe nesigulane, uphando ngembali yonyango. Emva koko, kuhlolwa uqobo, oku kuquka oku kulandelayo:
- ukubethelwa kwee-lymph nodes;
- uviwo lweetoni;
- ukubethelwa kwepen;
- Ukuhlolisiswa kwesikhumba, iimbumba ezinamanzi.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezinokumisela i-hematologist?
Idata efunyenwe emva kokuqokelela uvavanyo lwe-amnesis kunye nomzimba, alufaneki ukuvumela ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuphambuka kwimiqathango, unganiki umfanekiso opheleleyo we-pathology. Oku kufuna i-laboratory ethile kunye nezifundo zeengcali. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yiziphi iimvavanyo ezichazwayo, kunye nokuqhuba zonke izifundo ezifunekayo. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuyadingeka. Abo sele beyenzile oku, i-hematologist inokuncoma iinkqubo ezinjalo:
- Ukuhlola igazi nge-syphilis (ukusabela kwe-Wasserman);
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-HIV;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hepatitis;
- coagulogram;
- Uhlalutyo jikelele lomchamo;
- uviwo lweemfesi zegazi elifihliweyo.
Ukongezelela, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza umongo wethambo ukugqitywa ngophando lwebhoratri (myelogram) kunye neendlela zokuphenyisisa:
- I-Ultrasound yesisu esiswini kunye ne-lymph nodes;
- tomography;
- ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso emagnini;
- i-radiography yamathambo aphantsi;
- ukukhawuleza.
Iingcebiso zeHematologist
Izifo ze-Hematologic enye yeyona yingozi kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukukhusela. Ukuze uqaphele inkqubela yesi sifo ngexesha, kuyimfuneko ukudibana nodokotela ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho izibonakaliso ezilumkiso. Ukongezelela, kunqweneleka ukuthobela ezo zincomo ze-hematologist:
- Yenza rhoqo uvavanyo lwegazi ukulawula izinga lama-leukocyte, amaseli egazi abomvu kunye ne-hemoglobin;
- Ukuyeka imikhwa emibi;
- Ixesha elithe gqithwa ngomoya omtsha;
- Yiya kwimidlalo.