Isiseko sokufumanisa izifo ezininzi kukuhlolwa kwegazi. Unesalathisi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: ngumxholo wegazi we-hemoglobin, i-erythrocytes, iiplatelet kunye ne-leukocytes, kunye nesantya se-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte, kunye ne-leukocyte ifom. Ukuqulunqa ngokugqithisileyo uhlalutyo, ngokuqwalasela zonke iinguquko, unokwazi nje kuphela ochwephenyi oqeqeshekileyo, kuba ngokwabo ezi zikhombisi azikwazi ukuthetha kuphela kwaye kuvavanyo oluxakekileyo lwegazi kunokunika umfanekiso opheleleyo wesimo sempilo yesigulane.
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo ngumxholo egazini le-lymphocyte - iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Olu hlobo lwe-leukocyte lujongene nokuqatshelwa kwamalungu angaphandle kumzimba womntu kunye nokwakhiwa kwempendulo ethile ye-immune kulo mdlalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-lymphocytes inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-immune system: balwa nama-"agents" angaphandle kwiqondo leselula, bazinikela ngenxa yokulondoloza umzimba, kwaye bajongene nokuvelisa izifo zamagciwane. I-lymphocytes ziveliswa zombini ngethambo lomnyoba kunye nangama-lymph nodes.
Isiqhelo se-lymphocyte egazini lomntwana
Kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana, isiqhelo se-lymphocyte sihluke kakhulu. Ukuba abantu abadala ipesenti ze-lymphocytes kwisisindo esipheleleyo se-leukocyte singama-34-38%, umntwana omncinci, umlinganiselo omkhulu weeseli zegazi ezimhlophe: 31% ngonyaka, iminyaka engama-50 ubudala, iminyaka engama-6 - 42% kunye neminyaka eyi-10 - 38%.
Ukwahlukana kulo mkhuba yiveki yokuqala yobomi bomntwana, xa inani le-lymphocytes lingama-22-25%. Emva koko, ngokuqhelekileyo ngosuku lwesine emva kokuzalwa, landa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza luqala ukunciphisa ngobudala, ngokukhawuleza. Njengawo nawuphi na umgangatho, umxholo we-lymphocytes egazini lixesha elifanelekileyo. Iyakwazi ukuguquka kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye, kuxhomekeke kwizifo ezikhoyo kunye neenkqubo ezivuthayo ezenzeka emzimbeni womntwana. Inani le-lymphocyte lihambelana ngqo nomsebenzi wesistim somzimba: kunye nokuphuhliswa okusebenzayo kwamagciwane, inani labo landa ngokukhawuleza (oku kuthiwa yi-lymphocytosis), kwezinye iimeko zinokunciphisa kakhulu (lymphopenia).
Ukuthotyelwa okanye ukungathobelani kunye nemimiselo yomxholo we-lymphocyte kugqitywa ngokuhlalutya kwegazi ngefomula ye-leukocyte ephuhlisiwe.
Amanqanaba okwandisa i-lymphocytes kubantwana
Ukuba uhlalutyo lubonisa ukwanda kwinqanaba le-lymphocytes egazini kumntwana, oku kungabonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo, phakathi kwazo eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- "Ubuntwaneni" izifo ezithathelwanayo: i-pertussis, isisisi, inkukhu yenkukhu, iimvumba;
- Izifo ezithintekayo nakweyingozi: i-typhus, i-toxoplasmosis, i-viral hepatitis, isifo sofuba;
- ixesha lokubuyiselwa komntwana emva kwesifo esiyingozi;
- izifo zenkqubo ye-endocrine.
Ukuba inani elincinane le-lymphocytes e-atypical liyabonakala egazini lomntwana, le nto inokuthi ibonisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo, isifo esiyingozi se-virus esitholakala kubantwana. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa ye-lymphocytosis, inani lama-leukocyte egazini landa, kwaye i-lymphocyte e-atypical ngokwabo, ishintsha, iyafana kakhulu ne-monocytes.
Yaye ukuba i-lymphocytes kumntwana iyancipha?
I-Lymphopenia idla ngokubakho ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwimveliso ye-lymphocytes ngumzimba (umzekelo, kwizifo ezizalwe zizifo zamasosha omzimba). Ngaphandle koko, ukuncipha kwinani le-lymphocytes kungenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo ezihamba kunye nokuvuvukala. Kule meko, kukho ukuphuma kwee-lymphocytes ezivela emithanjeni yegazi kwiimpawu ezigulayo kunye nezicubu. Imizekelo ecacileyo yezifo ezinjalo yi-AIDS, isifo sofuba, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezivuthayo.
Ukongezelela, ukwehla kwe-lymphocytes kufana nezigulane ezithatha i-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy, ukuthatha unyango lwe-corticosteroid kunye ne-Ishchenko-Cushing syndrome. Ukuncitshiswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunokwenzeka nakwiimeko zokuxinezeleka.