I-Oedipus kunye ne-Electra complexes kubantwana

Ukukhulisa umntwana kuyinkqubo enzima kwaye ngexesha elifanayo linomdla. Ukuba ngaba ngabazali kuphela, sinokubuyela kwakhona ebuntwaneni size sibe kwihlabathi elincamisayo lemidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakha ubudlelwane nomntu omncinci uthembisa izithintelo rhoqo. Kwaye baqala ukuvela kwengqondo kwaye bachaphazele ulwalamano lwenzala kunye nabazali babo. Ingakumbi ixhala malunga nexesha xa umntwana eqala ukuqonda indlela yakhe yesini. Ukuba unayo iingxaki ezifanayo, musa ukukhawuleza ukuvakala i-alamu kwaye ukhangele iimpazamo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Ezinye zazo ziqhelekileyo. Esinye sezibonelo eziqaqambileyo yi-Electra ne-Oedipus complex.

I-theory ye-Freud yongqondo

I-psychotherapist eyaziwayo uSigmund Freud wanikela ihlabathi ingcamango yokuba umntu ovela ekuzalweni unelungelo lokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Isiphumo sokubonakaliswa kwezi zintlanzi kungabakho izifo ezinengqondo zabantwana. NgokukaFreud, uphuhliso lwentlalo luhambelana nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Njengomphumo wale ntsebenziswano, isiphumo somntu, umlingiswa wakhe, kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki okanye ubunzima bokuphila. Ubuninzi beengxaki ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni okanye ukungabikho kwazo kuxhomekeke kwiinkalo zentuthuko yesinibano. Kukho i-4 kubo: ngomlomo, emlonyeni, ematyaleni kunye nangokwezesini. Siza kuxubusha ngokubanzi inkcazo yepallic.

Kwixesha elivela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-6, iimfuno zomntwana ziqala ukwenza ifom yezabelo zesini. Ngeli xesha, abantwana baqala ukuhlola iingxowa zabo zesini baze babuze imibuzo ephathelele ubudlelwane bezesondo. Ngelo xesha, kukho ukungqubuzana komntu uFrud abiza ngokuthi i-Oedipus complex (kumakhwenkwe) okanye kwi-Electra complex (kumantombazana). Ngokweengcamango, uKumkani u-Oedipus wabulala uyise ngengozi waza wangena ebuhlotsheni obusondeleyo nonina. Xa eqonda ukuba wenza into engenakulinganiswa, u-Oedipus waphuphuthekisa. UFrud udlulisele lo mzekelo kwisigaba se-phallic kwaye ubonakalisa ubunzima njengomnqweno ongenalwazi lomntwana ukuphelisa umzali omnye wesondo kunye naye, nokuba nomzali wesini esahlukileyo. Kwimantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe le nto ibonakala ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo.

1. I-Oedipus enzima kumakhwenkwe. Into yokuqala kunye eqaqambileyo yothando lomntu wesikhathi esizayo unina. Ukususela ekuqaleni uyanelisa zonke iimfuno zakhe. Ukukhula, le nkwenkwe ifunda ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe kunye nabanye abantu abazenzileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, le nkwenkwe idlala indima kayise, imxelisa ekubonakaliseni iimvakalelo kumama, kunye noyise ngokwaloo mzuzu ngumncintiswano kumntwana. Ngeli xesha, abazali abaninzi banokuqaphela indlela inkwenkwe ephikisa ngayo upapa xa ebeka unina okanye efunga ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba uya kumtshata xa ekhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe umntwana uyaqonda ukuba akunangqiqo ukulinganisa amandla kunye noyise kwaye ukwesaba ukuphindezela. UFrud wabiza le ngxaki yokwesaba ukukhwabanisa kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba yoloyiko eyenza le nkwenkwe ilahle iimangalo zayo kunina.
2. Electra kumantombazana. Umzobo wakhe wawungenye yeembali zeGrike, xa intombazana egama lingu-Electra yamkholisa u-Orestes umntakwabo ukuba abulale unina nomthandi wakhe umama ngokuphindiselela ukufa kukayise. Ngaloo ndlela, ukungena kwinqanaba le-phallic, intombazana iyaqaphela ukuba akafani noyise, unesakhiwo esahlukileyo sezitho zobulili, okubonakala ngathi umntwana akanako. Intombazana inomona yokuba uyise unamandla phezu komama kwaye ufuna ukumdla njengendoda. Umama, naye, uba ngumqhubi omkhulu kwi ntombazana. Ngokukhawuleza le ntombazana ikhuphe ukukhanga uyise, kwaye, ngokufana nomama, ngandlela-thile ithola ukufikelela kumntu kayise, kwaye, xa ikhula, ifuna ukuba umntu ufana naye. Xa ukhulile, i-echoes ye-Elektra inkathazo ibonakala kubantwana besini, ukukhohlisa nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuqala kwesigaba se-phallic, malunga neminyaka engama-3-6, kufuneka kube luvavanyo olunzulu kubazali. Ukubonakaliswa ngocansi komntwana kunemibutho efihlakeleyo, kwaye ukutshitshiswa kancinci kungabangela umntwana ukuba abe nengqondo. Xa ukhulile, oku kungakhokelela kwiingxaki kwiintsebenziswano kunye nesini esahlukileyo, ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo ngendlela yeziphambeko okanye kwi-pathologies yengqondo.

Yintoni abazali abayenzayo? Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana ufikelela kumzali omnye kwaye kwindlela yonke enokuthi uyayinqabela isibini, kuyafaneleka ukuba uchaze ukuba lo ngumntu osondeleyo obiza ukuba uyamhlonela aze amthande umntwana. Ungabonisi umntwana wakho ubuhlobo. Musa ukumbamba okanye udlale umdlalo osondeleyo naye, ukuze ungalimazi ingqondo yengane. Ukuba imeko yinkimbinkimbi kwaye ihlala ixesha elide, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqhagamshelane nomntwana onesifo sengqondo. Ngokukhawuleza amanyathelo okulungisa ayenzeka, umntwana uya kuba nethuba lokuba nobuhlobo obuqhelekileyo kunye nobulili obuhlukile ngexesha lobudala.