Le nkqubo yinto enye ebaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yengqondo yezilwanyana kunye nabantu. Iingcali zihlula ukucacisa okungekho mqathango kunye nesimo. Bahluke njani phakathi kwabo kunye nantoni na iimpawu zeengcamango ezicwangcisiweyo?
Yintoni i-reflex condition?
Iingcali zithi i-reflex ye-psychology isingqinisiso esifumanekayo, esicacileyo kumntu ngamnye. Iyakwazi ukubonakala kuwo wonke umphefumlo kwaye ingabonakali ngokofuzo, oko kukuthi, ayizuze ilifa. Iingcamango ezinjalo zinokuphuhliswa ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile kwaye zinyamalale xa zingekho. Kule meko, banako ukubunjwa ngesiseko sabantu abangenanto ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zobuchopho. Impendulo ye-Reflex inokuxhomekeke kumava amandulo, kwiimeko ezithile apho kuvela khona i-reflex condition.
Iimpawu zeengcamango ezicwangcisiweyo
Ukufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi i-reflex umntu enemiqathango enzima. Kule nto kufuneka ukwazi ngempawu zayo eziphambili:
- Uhlobo lwe-Adaptive of reflexes. Ndiyabulela kubo, ukuziphatha kubakho iplastiki ngokukhethekileyo.
- Zonke iingcamango ezicwangcisiweyo zidalwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindawo eziphezulu zobuchopho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iimpendulo ezithintekayo azikwazi ukuba zibandakanyeke kwiimpendulo zesimo se-reflex.
- Iingcamango ezinjalo ezinjalo ziyakhula okanye zinyamalale, kwaye zihluke kwiingxaki ezingenanto.
- Le ngqungquthela inomfanekiso wesiginali, ohlala uxwayiswa kwaye ulandelwe ngabo bonke abazayo.
Iintlobo zeengcamango ezixhomekeke kwiimeko
Kukho uluhlu olukhethekileyo lweengcamango ezicwangcisiweyo. Zahlukaniswa zibe yi-receptor, iimpawu zeempembelelo kunye nokubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngoko ngokwe-receptor, i-reflexes enemeko ebantwini ihlukaniswe ngo:
- i-exteroceptive;
- phakathi;
- efanelekileyo.
Ngokusayinwa kwe-effectoral bahlulwe ngo:
- zityalo;
- somatotrophic.
Ngokubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo kuthiwa:
- ukutya;
- khusela;
- zesondo;
- statokinetic;
- locomotor.
Iintlobo zokuvimbela imiqondo engqinelanayo
Iingcali zengqondo zithi ukukhutshwa kweengcamango ezixhomekeke kwiimeko zintlobo eziliqela-ezizalwe ngumntwana kwaye zifunyenwe. Iyokuqala ihlukaniswe ngala ma-subspecies:
- Inhibition yangaphandle - iyenzeka ngenxa yokumiswa kwe-reflex esele ikhona, xa i-stimulus ex.
- Ngaphandle - kunokubonakala phantsi kwesenzo sesigxina esisigxina. Kuyaziwa ukuba kukho idibaniselwano ethile phakathi kwamandla okuvuselela imeko kunye nexabiso lempendulo, "umthetho wolawulo". Ngoko unamandla ngakumbi umqondiso, onamandla ngakumbi ukuphendula.
Ukuqhaqhoqho komqathango ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlulwe ngokwahlukileyo kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukucima - kungenzeka xa isignali esimiselweyo isetyenziselwa kwaye ayinakuqiniswa. Ekuqaleni, i-reflex efakwe yimoya iya kuba buthathaka, kwaye emva kwexesha iphela iyaphela. Emva kwexesha elithile, uyakwazi ukubuyela.
- Ukuchithwa kwexesha elidlulileyo kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokugqitywa kweminye imizuzu emithathu ngokumalunga nokuqala kwesenzo sesignali esimiselweyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuvela kwempendulo ekumanyanisiweyo kungaqhubela phambili ekuqinisekiseni.
- Ukwahlukahlukana - kunokuveliswa ngexesha lokufakwa okungeziwe kokuvuselela, okukufutshane nomqathango.
Kunokuba i-reflex ye-condition ihluke kwiimeko ezingekho phantsi kwayo?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi phakathi kwezi zimbini zeengcamango:
- Iingcamango zemiqathango, ngokungafani nabangenamthetho, zibizwa ngokuba ziphendulelwa kwiimpilo ngamnye. Ukungahambisani nentsholongwane - inzala, engayifumana ilifa.
- Iinjongo ezingahambelaniyo, oko kukuthi, zikhethekileyo kubameli beentlobo ezithile. Iimeko ezinemiqathango yazo.
- Ukungqiniswanga okusisigxina kunye nokukwazi ukuhlala ebomini, kwaye unemiqathango - engekho isigxina kwaye iyakwazi ukubonakala, ifumaneke kwaye iphele.
- Imiqathango enokuthi iphuhliswe ngokungenasimo.
- Ukuba ezingenakunqunyanyiswa ziveliswa ngexabiso leengxenye ezantsi ze-nervous system, ezi zimeko zizaliswa ngenxa yomsebenzi weendawo eziphakamileyo zenkqubo ye-nervous central .
- Iingcamango ezingahambelaniyo zivela njengempendulo kunoma yimuphi umyalelo kwaye zilungele ukulungiswa, kwaye i-reflexes enemiqathango ingabonakala kunoma yimuphi umyalelo.
- Ukungqinelani nxamnye nemimiselo ethile, kunye nemiqathango - kwiipropati ze-stimulus.
Ziziphi iimeko eziyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni i-reflex emiselweyo?
Kuboniswa ukuba ukucaciswa kwe-reflex conditioned kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile:
- Isimo esihle kakhulu somzimba.
- Ukungabi naziphi na iintlobo zomsebenzi osebenzayo.
- Umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokukhutshulwa kwesimo esingenakunqandwa okanye esilungiselelwe kakuhle.
- Ubungakanani besikhuthazo esimiselweyo.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa i-reflex engumntu kubantu?
Nabani na onomdla kwindlela yokuphuhlisa i-reflex efakwe kwiimeko kufuneka aqonde ukuba i-reflex enjalo iphuhliswa ngokwayo phambi kweemeko eziyimfuneko kwaye i-subconscious. Umzekelo:
- Kulo gumbi ekungeneni kweminyaka emininzi itshintsho lalikho ngakwesokudla. Emva kokulungiswa kwatshintshela ngakwesobunxele bomnyango, kodwa umntu uya kukhangela ukutshintshela ngakwesokudla ixesha elide - le yinto yonke yesicatshulwa esifanelekileyo.
- Ukuqhuba kuqhutywa ngenxa yeengcamango ezicwangcisiweyo. Yonke into, ukuqhaqhaqha, ukuguqulwa kweegesi, ukusetyenziswa kwezibuko - iingcamango ezicacileyo ezithengwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile. I-reflex esebenze kakuhle kunye neyilungeleleneyo kule meko ibizwa ngokuba ngamava okuqhuba.
- Ukufutshane okufutshane phakathi kwesandi sobhenqo kwi-pistol yokuqala kunye nokuqala kwentshukumo, ukuqala ngokukhawuleza nokuphumelelayo, okokuba, umzekelo, udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-sprint, ngoko ke ukuqala kwesibhotshi kuqeqeshiwe nje ngokuphuhlisa i-reflex condition.
Kutheni ukuba i-reflex imeko ifumaneke kunye nexesha?
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-reflexes ifomayo iphela xa i-stimulus ekhutshelweyo ingasakwazi ukusebenzisana ne-stimulus engavumelekanga. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba i-stimulus imeko ikwazi ukuzimela, ngaphandle kokungaxhomekanga, ngoko-mpendulo ifumaneke. I-reflex efakwe kwiimeko ifunyenwe, kodwa ingenayo inzala, kwaye ngoko ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa kuphela, kodwa iyakucima.