Enye yeendawo zokuqala kwi-floriculture phakathi kokuqala kunye neentyantyambo eziqhaqhaqhayo zokutsalwa kweempawu ze-ornamental yi-viola, ebantwini nayo inegama elincinci elisezantsi. Esi sityalo esisezantsi kwaye sineziqhamo eziqhaqhaqhaqhaqisayo simangalisa umcangcoko kunye nemibala yazo eyahlukahlukeneyo: ukusuka kumhlophe omhlophe ukuya kumnyama kunye nazo zonke iintlobo ze-shades ezibomvu, eziluhlaza kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abaninzi beentyatyambo beentyatyambo zentyatyambo baqaphela ukuthobeka okuthe ngqo kwezi ntyatyambo, nangona kunjalo, njengazo naziphi na ezinye izityalo, i-viola idinga ulwazi oluthile lokukhula nokunyamekela, okukuvumela ukuba uzuze ubuhle bayo ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla.
I-Viola - ukutyala nokunyamekela
I-Viola iyisityalo esinobuhle be-thermophilic, ngoko ke kukulungele ukuyihluma kuloo ndawo apho ilanga lininzi khona. Enyanisweni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ntyatyambo ayilungele ngokwaneleyo ibekezela i-penumbra, kodwa kule meko, iimbali zayo zingancinci. Ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba, i-loamy, inomswakama, inomileyo kunye nenhlabathi evundileyo ihle kakhulu kwi-viola. Isikhathi sokutshala i-viola sinqunywe kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokufuna ukuqhakaza. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokuphela kokubusika xa imbewu ihlwayelwe kwiimbewu, okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo xa zihlwayelwa kwindawo evulekile.
Ukunyamekela i-bottomes kungaphezulu kokulula. Into ephambili kuye yimihla ngemihla kwaye iyancipha yomhlaba, ngaphandle koko isityalo siyayeka ukuqhakaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthambisa okuninzi kunobungozi kunye ne-viola, ngoko ungakulibali malunga nokuhluma nokukhawuleka kwendawo, evula ukufikelela kwe-oksijini kwiingcambu. Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuba unikeze imilambo eninzi kunye neyinde, kuyimfuneko ukususa iintyatyambo ezinokuphela ngexesha elivela kwisityalo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-viola iphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkomplethi ezincinci zezimbiwa, kodwa ayiyikunyamezela izichumisi eziququzelelweyo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kweengcambu zesityalo ngokukhawuleza kokuqala kwenkqubela kunye nesibini - ekuqaleni kweentyantyambo. Kwimeko apho i-viola yatsalwa kwindawo evulekileyo ehlobo, ngokobusika kufuneka ihlanganiswe ngotshani okanye amaqabunga owomileyo, okuya kukhusela iingcambu zesondlo zesityalo kwiqhwa.
Ukuzaliswa kwe-viola
Khulisa le ntyatyambo indlela elula kakhulu yembewu. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhakaza kunyaka wokuqala, imbewu ye-viola kufuneka ityalwe kwiibhokisi ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari-ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ibhoksi enezimbewu kufuneka zifakwe ngeglasi okanye ifilimu kwaye ibekwe kwindawo efudumeleyo. Ngethuba lexesha lokuhluma, imbewu kufuneka iqinisekise ukuthambisa okuninzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa rhoqo komhlaba. Emva kweeveki ezimbini emva koko, kuza kuvela amahlumela okuqala, okufuneka adityaniswe kumgama malunga no-5 cm. NgoMeyi-Juni, xa usongelo lwamaqabunga entwasahlobo mhlawumbi ludlula, ulwaphulo luhlwayelwe kwindawo evulekile kumgama we-10-15 cm.
Ukutyala imbewu ye-viola kwindawo evulekileyo kuvelisa ngoJuni noJulayi, kwaye ngo-Agasti isityalo sitshintshelwe kwindawo engunaphakade. Kwimeko apho i-bloom ye-viola iya kuba ngowomnyaka ozayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa abalimi abaninzi abanamava bathi ngokwexesha kunye nokuhluthwa kweentyatyambo, i-viola ekhulile ngale ndlela igqithisa abafana bayo abakhulileyo ukusuka kwiimbewu.
Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa kwe-viola kunokwenzeka ngokutsalwa kweentsuku zentwasahlobo, nangona kunjalo, iintyatyambo ziphinda zihlanjululwe kwaye zilahlekelwe ngokwahlukileyo kwazo. Kwakhona ukuveliswa kwe-viola kunokwenzeka ngokucoca. Ukwenza oku, ekupheleni kukaMeyi, umhlaba omanzi utyalwe kwindawo emnyama
Izifo zeVuola
Kwi-viola kunye nokunakekelwa okungafanelekanga, kunokwenzeka ukuhlakulela izifo ezinjengomlenze omnyama, umquba kunye neengcambu zokubola, isikhubekiso, isikhumba , i- aphids . Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kunokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuba awuvumeli ukuba amanzi ahluthe kwiingcambu zesityalo.