Ifilosofi yobomi inentsingiselo yobomi nokufa komntu

Ifilosofi yobomi yinkqubo yemibono yomntu. Ukukhangela iimpendulo kwimibandela ephambili ebomini, yintoni intsingiselo yayo, kutheni, yintoni na indlela yokwenza ngayo, ayiyeki. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, iingcinga zefilosofi ziye zafihliza ngoku. Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe, kodwa abantu bayazibuza le mibuzo.

Yintoni ifilosofi yobomi?

Ingcamango "yefilosofi yobomi" inentsingiselo ezimbini:

1. Ifilosofi yomuntu, kwiziko apho isisombululo semeko ekhoyo malunga nomntu womntu.
2. Isikhokelo sefilosofi, esizalwe eJamani kwisiqingatha sesibini seXIX yexesenti njengendlela yokusabela kwiingcamango. Abameli abakhulu:

• Wilhelm Dilthey;
• UHenri Bergson;
• Pierre Ado;
• UFriedrich Nietzsche;
• UGeorg Simmel;
• Arthur Schopenhauer.

Ingcamango yobomi kwifilosofi

Incazelo yezobomi kwifilosofi yayingabantu abacinga ngeengcinga ezininzi. Eli gama ngokwalo lixabiso elinganayo kwaye linokubukwa kumanqaku ahlukeneyo:

• i-biological (njengehlobo lobomi);
• yengqondo (njengendlela yokuphila kolwazi);
• zenkcubeko-yezembali (njengendlela yokuphila koluntu).

Ifilosofi yobomi - iingcamango ezisisiseko

Ifilosofi yobomi idibeneyo ngokwazo iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezidibeneyo ngeengcamango eziqhelekileyo. Kwavela njengendlela yokusabela kwiimfundiso zefilosofi ezidlulileyo, ezimiselwe ngqiqo. Ingcamango yefilosofi yobomi kukuba yiyona mgaqo wokuqala, kwaye kuphela yinto enokuqonda into ethile. Zonke iindlela zokuqulunqwa kwehlabathi-kwixesha elidlulileyo. Batshintshwa ngabantu abangenangqiqo. Imvakalelo, imvelo, ukholo luyizona zixhobo ezisisiseko zokuqonda ukunyaniseka.

Ukungabikho komsebenzi kunye nefilosofi yobomi

Ukungabikho komsebenzi kusekelwe ekubukeleni kwamanye amava, ukubaluleka kwemvelo kunye neemvakalelo, ngokuchasene nokuqonda ukuqonda. Yena, njengokuthanda iincwadi ezenziwa ngolu hlobo, wasabela ngendlela yokuqonda. Kubonakaliswe kwimbali kunye nokuxhatshazwa kukaWilhelm Dilthey. Kuye, lonke ulwazi lwaluvela kumbono wembali, ngoko waqinisekisa ukubaluleka kobuntu.

UJohn Georg Gaman, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane, wayenqaba inkqubo yokucamngca, wafuna inyaniso kwintliziyo nangokholo. Ukuzithemba komntu yinto yokugqibela yeyona nyaniso. Umlingane wakhe kwiqela lombhalo "Isiqhwithi kunye nokuhlaselwa" uFriedrich Jacobi wenyusa ukuzithemba nokucaca kokholo kwixabiso lolwazi lolwazi.

UFriedrich Schelling noHenri Bergson, abachaphazelekayo malunga namava abantu, baphendukela kwi-intuitivism, "ebona izinto ezingabonakaliyo kwizesayensi." Ingqondo ngokwayo ayizange ichithwe, yalahlekelwa yinto yayo ehamba phambili. I-Instinct iyinjini engaphantsi kobukho. I-Pragmatism, existentialism, irrationalism ifilosofi yobomi ewandisa ingcamango yobomi bomntu kunye nengcamango.

Injongo yobomi bomntu yifilosofi

Ingxaki yentsingiselo yobomi kwifilosofi iye yahlala kwaye ihlala ifanelekileyo. Iimpendulo zemibuzo malunga nenjongo yobomi kwaye yintoni eyenza ubomi bufunwa ngabafilosofi beendlela ezahlukeneyo ngeenkulungwane:

1. Abafilosofi basendulo babemanyanisekile kwimbono yokuba ubomi bobomi buhlala ekuphandeleni okulungileyo, ulonwabo. KuSocrates, ulonwabo lulingana nokuphelela komphefumlo. I-Aristotle - ukubonakaliswa komntu. Kwaye intloko yomntu ngumphefumlo wakhe. Umsebenzi wokomoya, ukucinga nokuqonda kuya kubangela uvuyo. U-Epicurus wabona intsingiselo (ulonwabo) kwintlalo, awayeyimela njengolonwabo, kodwa ngokungabikho ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka ngokwenyama nangokomoya.
2. Ngama-Middle Ages eYurophu, imbono yentsingiselo yobomi yayixhomekeke ngqo kwizithethe, iinjongo zenkolo kunye nemilinganiselo yeklasi. Nanku kukho ukufana nefilosofi yobomi e-Indiya, apho ukuphindaphinda kobomi bookhokho, ukugcinwa kwemoya yeklasi kubalulekileyo.
3. Abafilosofi beXIX-XX bahlala bakholelwa ukuba ubomi bomntu abuyiyo nto kwaye abukho. U-Schopenhauer wathi zonke iinkolo kunye nemifudlana yefilosofi zizama nje ukufumana intsingiselo kwaye zenze ubomi obungenasiphelo bubuthwale. I-existence, i-Sartre, i-Heidegger, i-Camus, ilingana nobomi kunye nokungaqondi, kwaye kuphela umntu onokwenza ingqiqo yezenzo zakhe nokhetho.
4. Iindlela ezikhoyo zemihla ngemihla kunye nezobuchule ziqinisekisa ukuba ubomi buzuza oko kuthetha, okubalulekileyo kumntu kwisakhelo sakhe. Kungaba nayiphi na into - impumelelo, umsebenzi, intsapho, ubugcisa, ukuhamba. Yintoni umntu oxabisa ubomi bakhe aze afune. Le nfilosofi yobomi isondele kakhulu kubantu abaninzi banamhlanje.

Ifilosofi yobomi nokufa

Ingxaki yobomi nokufa kwifilosofi yinto enye ebalulekileyo. Ukufa ngenxa yenkqubo yobomi. Umntu njengalowo naziphi izidalwa zezinto eziphilayo, uyafa, kodwa ngokungafani nezinye izilwanyana, uyaziqonda ukufa kwakhe. Oku kumnyanzela iingcinga malunga nenjongo yobomi nokufa. Zonke iimfundiso zefilosofi zingabelana ngokwahlukileyo zibe zimbini iintlobo:

1. Akukho nobomi emva kokufa . Emva kokufa, akukho nto ikhona, kunye nomzimba womntu, umphefumlo wakhe, ingqalelo yakhe, iyaphela.
2. Ubomi emva kokufa . Indlela yokwenza inkolo, ubomi emhlabeni ngumalungiselelo emva kokufa okanye ukuphindukuzalwa.

Iincwadi ngefilosofi yobomi ngokuzikhupha

I-Fiction ingaba ngumthombo obalaseleyo wokukhanya kwefilosofi. Iincwadi ezingenzululwazi okanye ezenzululwazi ezithandwayo, ezibhalwe ngabafilosofi, zivelisa iingcamango ezintsha zefilosofi kwaye zikhuthaze ukukhula kokomoya . Iincwadi ezinhlanu apho ifilosofi yobomi bomntu iboniswa khona:

1. "Ngaphandle" . Albert Camus. Incwadi yinyani, kulo mbhali unako ukubonisa iingcamango ezisisiseko zekhokho, kungcono kunokuba kulandelelwe kwiintetho zefilosofi.
2. Siddhartha . UHermann Hesse. Le ncwadi iya kuthwala iingcinga zakho kwiinkxalabo zekamva kwiingcamango zobuhle beli xesha.
3. "Umfanekiso weDorian Gray" . Oscar Wilde. Incwadi enkulu malunga neengozi ezinxulumene nekratshi nokungafani, kuyo umfundi uya kufumana ukucinga ngokuzikhethela kunye nokukhangela kwenyama.
4. "Yiloo nto uZarathustra athi . " UFriedrich Nietzsche. I-Nietzsche yakhe enye yeengqungquthela zokuqala kunye neengqungquthela kwimbali yakhe yonke. Iingcamango zakhe zisathumela amaza okuphazamiseka kwiindawo zamaKristu. Uninzi lwabantu lugxininisa isiqubulo esithi "uThixo ufile," kodwa kulo msebenzi uNietzsche uchaza ngokucacileyo le ntetho kunye namazwi anomdla ngokuphathelele ubomi emhlabeni.
5. "Uguquko . " Franz Kafka. Emva kokuvuswa, iqhawe lebali lifumanisa ukuba liye laba yinto enkulu yezilwanyana ...

Iifilimu malunga nefilosofi yobomi

Abalawuli baphendulela imizobo yabo kwimifanekiso yobomi bomntu. Iifilimu malunga nefilosofi yobomi, okuya kukukwenza ucinge:

1. «Umthi woBomi» . Ulawulwa nguTerrence Malick. Le movie ivuselela izigidi zeengxelo zemibuzo malunga nenjongo yobomi, ingxaki yobuntu besazisi.
2. "Ukukhanya Kwangunaphakade Kwengqondo Engenanto . " Umfanekiso kaMichel Gondry, okhutshwe kwiikrini ngo-2004, luhlobo lwemfundiso yefilosofi malunga nendlela yokuphila ubomi bakho, wenze iimpazamo uze ungalibali ngabo.
3. Umthombo . Ibhayisikobho emnandi evela kuDarren Aranofsky iya kubonisa ukutshintshwa okutsha kwenyaniso.