Imyezo nganye yemifuno kufuneka ikhule imifuno enomsoco kwaye iphilile njengobhontshisi, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile emva kwayo kuqhutyelwa ingqalelo imigaqo ethile. Isityalo sihlonywa njengomntu oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, iingcambu kwixabiso azikho ngaphantsi kweklabishi kunye neekroti. Esi sivuno sezolimo, esaziwayo kumazwe amaninzi.
Ungayifaka njani i-beet ngaphambi kokutyala?
Iibhotela ezibomvu zedlasi ezibomvu zinyuka ukusuka kwimbewu okanye kwizityalo. Ziqokelelwa kwiinqununu, ezikwigobolondo eliqhelekileyo, apho ukususela kumahlanu amahlumela angadlula. Ukukhawulezisa ukuhluma, igobolondo ingonakaliswa kwangaphambili. Iibhontshisi ngaphambi kokutyala zihlanjululwe usuku, ukwenzela ukuba amahlumela avele kungekudala. Ukwenza oku, ukukhula okukhuthazayo (umzekelo, uEpin) okanye ukunyuka kwe-ash ash kumnceda. Emva kokuba imbewu ihlanjwe ngamanzi afudumele kwaye ifakwe kwikhatyi emanzi emini okanye ezimbini. Ngeli xesha baya kuhluma, kwaye kuhluma emhlabeni kuya kudlula ngokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokutshala iibhotile kwindawo evulekile?
Ukuze isityalo sikhule iibhotile ezinzima, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile ziveliswa kwisondlo esinomsoco, ngokukhululeka ngokukwenziwa kwe-alkali okanye ukungathathi hlangothi. Abaphambili abahamba phambili baya kuba yi-anyanisi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, iimbotyi. Ukutyala kweebhotile akukwenziwe kwintsimi emva kweeqholi, iitapile okanye iklabishi malunga neminyaka emithathu. Ukunyuka kwentwasahlobo kufaka i-20-30 g ye-sulfuric acid i-ammonium, i-20 g ye-nitrate i-nitrate, i-15 g ye-potassium chloride kunye ne-30-40 g ye-superphosphate nge-1 m 2 . Ukwandisa ukuvelisa kwe-substrate, u-2-3 kg we-humus elula nganye m 2 isetyenziswe .
Imbewu yokutyala i-Beet kwindawo evulekile
Ubungakanani beengcambu zixhomekeke kubuxininiso bokutshala - umgama omkhulu phakathi kweetyala ezikhulayo, ikhudlwana imifuno iya kukhula (kodwa iindawo ezinkulu azilungele ukuyisebenzisa). Indlela yokutshala iibhothi kunye nembewu endle:
- udwebe imigca, uhambe u-4 cm ubude kunye nomgama wama-20 cm;
- iifom, i imbewu zifakwa kuwo ngokwahlukeneyo phakathi kweetrubs 2-3 cm;
- imbewu ichitheka phezu komhlaba;
- Akukho sityalo esinye sikhula sisuka kwi-nodule, ukwenzela ukuba xa kuvela amahlumela amancinci, kuya kufuneka baphulwe.
Ukutyala izityalo zebhunge kwindawo evulekile
Ukuba i-beet ityalwe ekuqaleni kwendawo, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile emva kwayo kuveliswa ngokusebenzisa izityalo. Le ndlela izakuphepha ukunqunyulwa kwebhedlele kunye nokufumana isivuno esikhulu kakhulu kwiiveki ezingama-2-3 ukusuka kwixesha eliqhelekileyo. Indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-beet kwindawo evulekile:
- Izihluma ezikhulayo zicwangcise ngenyanga ngaphambi kokutyala kwisayithi;
- Imbewu ihlume kwaye ihlume kwangaphambili ityalwe kwiibhokisi kunye ne-nutrient substrate, leyo ngaphambi kokugqoka i-Phytosporin. Ubunzulu bokufika komhlaba - 2-3 cm, izithako zifakwe kwifestile, ezigubungela ukusuka elangeni, okanye kwi-greenhouse;
- Ukunyamekelwa kwezilwanyana kubandakanya ukumisa umhlaba, ukunyakaza okuzinzile;
- Ukutsala izithombo kwiqonga leqabunga elincinci, ukwahlula amahlumela zibe ziinqwelo ezihlukeneyo. Ukuze ugweme amahlumela, ungawafaka ekuqaleni kwiikomityi zeepat. Ukuba isithombo siphula ngaphandle kwekhefu, kuya kufuneka kuphulwe;
- emva kokutshintshela izityalo ezigqithisiweyo kangcono kunye ne-cellophane kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3 zokuphunga kakuhle;
- xa ihluma amaqabunga avuthiweyo ama-2-3 kwiimbewu, avunyelwe ukuba aye emhlabathini.
Imiqathango yokutyala iibhokhwe kwindawo evulekile
I-Beetroot yinkcubeko ye-thermophilic, akufanelekile ukukhawuleza ngokuhlwayela kwayo. Ukuvelisa imbewu entwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kuka-Epreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, xa kutyalwa iibhotile kwindawo evulekile. Ngeli xesha, iqondo lokushisa elisezantsi lisekwe ngaphaya kwe-16 ° C, kwaye umhlaba ongaphantsi kwe-8-10 cm sele ushushu ufike kwi-8-10 ° C, okuyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni ngokupheleleyo izityalo zengcambu. Ukuba ukutshala kwenziwa kwangoko, imifuno ingaba phantsi kweqabunga elincinane kwaye ungayibopheli - isityalo esincinci siya kunika i-spike ende kunye namaqabunga anamandla.
Iingcambu zokuzikhusela kwiipitsa, nazo, azifanelekanga, ngaphandle koko iingcambu ziya kuhlahlela kwisitya sezantsi kwaye emva koko zizuze isimo esingavumelekanga. Hambisa emhlabathini phakathi koMeyi. Ukuhlwayela i-beet yasebusika kunokwenziwa ekwindla ekupheleni kwe-Oktobha. Emva kokutshala imbewu ngendlela yendabuko, kwimeko enjalo indawo leyo ifunyenwe i-peat okanye i-humus.
Kuza kube nini i-beet ikhula kwindawo evulekile?
Phakathi kwezinto ezichaphazela ukulima kweebhunge kunye nokuhluma kwayo, yabela: ukuqhubela phambili kwembewu, umswakama kunye nobushushu bomhlaba. Ukuba iimbewu ezityalwe zityalwe, amahlumela okuqala alindeleke iintsuku ezi-3-4 emva koko. Xa utyala izinto ezinomileyo, imbewu ihlwayelwe iintsuku ezingama-6-8. Kodwa oku kuxhomekeke ekutheni ukuthambisa. Ukuba ukunyamekela kwisicwangciso sokuhlengahlengiswa kungenasiphelo, ukubonakala kweentlobo kungapheli kwiintsuku ezili-12 ukuya ku-15.
I-Beet ikhula kwindawo evulekile
Ukuze kukhule iibhokhwe ezinkulu kunye nezondlo kwisayithi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela kumhlaba ovulekileyo kubandakanya ukutyilisa ngokucwangcisiweyo, ukusila, ukulungisa, ukulwa nama-parasites. Unonophelo olumncedisayo luya kunceda ukuqokelela isivuno sobuncwane obucebileyo. Indlela yokukhulisa iibhotile kwindawo evulekile - iimfihlo:
- ukuchithwa kwenkqubo yeemibhede emva kokunisela kunye nemvula enzulu kwi-4-6 cm kuyadingeka ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba, ovimba ukutshintshiselana ngomoya kwezityalo;
- ukuba ifafazwe ngotshani obomileyo, ngoko ukhula, lukhulule kwaye luphuculise inkcubeko luya kuncinci;
- ukwenzela ukuba imifuno ihlaziye kwaye ithambile, isiqithi sitshatyelwa amaxesha amaninzi kwiiphakamiso ngesisombululo setyuwa - 1 tbsp nge 10 l yamanzi;
- ekwindla, ngaphambi kweqabunga, izithelo zisuswe. Ziyakhutshwa, zihlanjululwe, zinqunywe iinqonga;
- Gcina imifuno engcono kwi-0 ° C - / + 2 °.
Ukunyamekelwa kwebhunge
Unonophelo lweemveliso zeebhere kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zithatha unonophelo olukhethekileyo lokukhula kwezityalo ezincinci. Ukukhula kokhula kulula ukutshisa amahlumela amancinci, ekhula ngokukhawuleza kude kube nefom yokuqala ye-4-5. Isityalo sithela kwaye siphume emva kwentlalo xa ukhula lukhula. Ukulwa nokhula ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imbewu, imibhede ingaphathwa ngetereta yerosene - 35-50 g nganye 1 m 2 . Xa ihluma ii-2-3 zokuqala zamaqabunga ezinqabileyo ezingenasidingo, utshintshelwe ngesisombululo se-nitrate-ammonium-3 kg kwibhakethi yamanzi.
Ungayinisela njani iibhokhwe kwindawo evulekile?
Itheyibhile ye-beet - inomtsalane-onothando, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo kuthatha ukucwiliswa kwekhwalithi ecwangcisiweyo, ngokuqwalasela izinto ezithile. Isivuno esihle sesityalo kunye nomhlaba owomileyo, kodwa sinokunyamezela ukuphelelwa kwamanzi okude. Ukuhluma okungafaniyo kukhokelela ekuvelweni kwezithelo ezingafaniyo, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okumnandi. Ukunkcenkceshela komhlaba owomileyo kubangele ukutyhalwa kwemifuno. I-waterlogging eqinile yamanzi iya kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweengcambu zezityalo ngokukhangela kunye nokulimala kwisityalo. Beet ukuthambisa ngaphandle:
- ukuxubusha inkcubeko xa uhla oluphezulu lomhlaba luba lukhuni;
- ngexesha lexesha imifuno ixutywa malunga namaxesha ama-3-4, uchithe iibhakethi ezintathu zamanzi nge-1 m 2 ;
- ukuhlanjululwa kuqhutyelwa yindlela yokufafaza, ukuze uhlaziye amaqabunga esityalo, kusasa okanye kusihlwa;
- ukuba isayithi ayinayo i- mulch , emva kokuthambisa umhlaba ukhululiwe ngosuku olulandelayo;
- kwisigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna okucwangcisiweyo, ukumiswa kwamanzi kuyagqitywa, okwenza ukwanda kwexabiso leswekile kwisiqhamo kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwabo.
Ukuhlaselwa kweBeet kwindawo evulekile
Inkcubeko ye-Beet kunye nokukhula kwembewu, ivela kwimbewu enye, amahlumela amaninzi akhula kakhulu. Indlela yokukhulisa iibhotile kwindawo evulekileyo - ukunqumla:
- Ngethuba lokuqala amahlumela aphulukana xa kubonakala iqela lokuqala lamacembe eqabunga. Amaxesha ashiywe kumgama we-3-4 cm. Izihluma ezongezelelweyo zihanjiswe kwenye indawo - kule nqanaba zizinzile.
- Ukuqhubela okwesibini kwenziwa xa izityalo ezincinci ziqiniswa kwaye izityalo zengcambu zifumana ubunzima be-1.5 cm - shiya enye izityalo ezi-6-10 cm.
- Inkqubo ibhetele emva kokunisela okanye imvula ngosuku olumnyama.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-beetroot
Ukuze kukhule i-beet ye-tablets ecocekileyo kwiibhedi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo i-presuppose ukugqoka okwenyama. Ukususela kwimimandla yamaminerali kwiziqhamo kunokudala i-voids. Izixhobo zokukhula kwebhunge: ukugqoka okuphezulu:
- Emva kokuqumba kokuqala, isityalo sifuna amandla okuphuhlisa ii-rosettes. Ukwenza oku, ekuqaleni kokukhula kwawo, i-nitrogen fertilizer iyadingeka: isisombululo seendwendwe eziqhelekileyo zeentaka 1:10 okanye i-Mullein 1: 8 - 12 ilitha ye-bolt kwi-1 m 2 . Ingeniswa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezenziwe kumgama we-5 cm ukusuka kumahlumela. Ukuba isiqhamo sinobukhulu bomnatha, i-nitrogen kuyo iqokelela sele ifomati.
- Xa iziqwenga ezihluma ziya kuvala, kufuneka wenze izidlo ze-potash: usasaze umlotha wokhuni (1 st kwi-1.5 m 2 ) kunye namanzi epakethi.
- I-Boron iyinto ebalulekileyo yeziqhamo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo, iziqhamo zengcambu zihlanganiswe ngamanqaku ahlaza. Ehlotyeni, kwiimozulu zezulu, amanzi afafaza nge-boric acid e-dilesi-5 g ngalinye nge-10 ilitha amanzi.
Izifo kunye neentlobo zeebhunge
Amaqabunga enkcubeko enempilo anendawo ekhanyayo ngaphandle kwamabala. Ukubonakala kwembonakalo engabonakaliyo, imhlophe, imvi, imnyama emnyama, i-yellow, i-brown ityhila isifo seebhere. Isityalo sinokuchaphazela i- powdery isikhutha , i-phorosis, i-brown okanye i-root rot. Indlela eyona ndlela kukunyanga amahlathi ngamachiza e-fungicidal - i-Phytosporin okanye i-Bordeaux ingxube kwi-concentration ye-1%.
Iimfucuza, i-summer cottagers idlalwa yi-beetroot izimpukane, i-aphids, i-fleas, shchitovidki, i-scoops. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela kwiinambuzane iza kulungiswa ngokusemgangathweni kwemigca, i-autumn deep digging. Xa kuvela ama-apidi, ukulahla kuyo kuya kunceda isisombululo see-toion husks, isiqhamo seIskra . Izimpukane zingasuswa yiCarbophos, kwaye iifoshi zinyamalale emva kokunkcenkceshwa kwamahlamvu angentla apha nge-ash infusion. Ngama-scoops, isisombululo se-1% se-bitoxybacillin okanye i-0.5% ye-homelin iya kunceda. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-agent eziguqulayo Ukukhanya kunye ne-Baikal kwandisa ukukhuseleka kwezityalo kwiindawo zokuhlaselwa.