I-thmus gland (thymus) ibhekisela kwiziphathamandla eziphambili ze-immune system kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, yintsimbi yomfihlo yangaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-thymus iyinto yokutshintsha phakathi kwe-endocrine (i-hormonal) kunye ne-immune (protective system) yomntu.
Imisebenzi emihle
I-thymus gland yenza imisebenzi emithathu enkulu yokugcina ubomi bomntu: i-endocrine, i-immunoregulatory kunye ne-lymphopotic (ukuveliswa kwe-lymphocytes). Kwi-thymus, ukuvuthwa kweeseli ze-T zamasosha omzimba wethu kwenzeka. Ngendlela elula, umsebenzi oyintloko we-thymus ukutshabalaliswa kwamaseli omzimba omzimba ahlaselayo ahlasele iiseli eziphilileyo zomzimba wazo. Olu khetho kunye ntshabalalo lweeseli ezidlulayo ziqhutyelwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ze-T. Ukongeza, i-thymus gland filters yegazi kunye ne-lymph ehamba ngayo. Nakuphi na ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-thymus gland kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezizimeleyo kunye nezifo ze-oncological, kunye nokukhupha okuphezulu kwizifo ezithathelwanayo.
Indawo ye-thymus gland
I-thymus gland iyindawo ephezulu yesithotho somntu. I-thymus yenziwa kwiveki yesi-6 yokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus. Ubungakanani be-thymus gland kubantwana buphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bomntu, i-thymus ijongene nokuveliswa kwe-lymphocyte (iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe). Ukukhula kwe-thymus gland kufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-15, kwaye emva koko, i-thymus iyaqhubeka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kufika ixesha lokuguquka kwexesha elidala - izicubu ezinobungqina be-thymus zithatyathelwa ngamathambo kunye noxhumo. Oku kwenzekayo sele sele igugile. Kungenxa yoko, xa bekhulile, abantu bavelele kwizifo eziphilayo kunye nezifo, ngokuthe rhoqo.
Izimpawu eziphazamisayo
Ukwanda okwenene kwinqanaba le-thymus gland liphawu lokuba ukuphulwa kwenzeka kwindlela yokusebenza ngayo. Oogqirha baye bahlala bephikisana malunga nokuba ukwanda kwenani le-thymus kuthathwa njengesifo. Okwangoku, ngokungabikho kwezibonakaliso ezicacileyo zesifo, utshintsho oluncinane ngobukhulu be-thymus gland - obubonakalayo kuphela kwi-ultrasound - bubonwa njengesiqhelo.
Ukuba umntwana osandula okanye umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-10 kakhulu kwandisa i-thymus gland, ngoko kufuneka uviwo oluphuthumayo. Ukwanda okwenyuka kwe-thymus kubantwana kuthiwa yi-thymomegaly. Isitshixo sebhaloji yesi sifo asikacaci ngokucacileyo. Abantwana abaneempawu ze-thymomegaly zibhekwa njengeqela elilodwa lomngcipheko. Aba bantwana banamathuba angakumbi kwizifo ezithathelwanayo, eziyintsholongwane kunye nezifo ezizimele. I-Timomegaly ingaba yintsapho okanye ifumaneke, kwaye ibandakanye isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela kunoma yimaphi iimpawu ze-thymus gland failure. Ukuze wenze uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, uvavanyo lwe-X-ray kunye ne-ultrasound ye-thymus iyimfuneko.
Ukuthintela izifo ze-thymus gland kubantwana, ukutya okunempilo, i-vitamin-rich, yokutya okufanelekileyo kunye nomoya omtsha kuyadingeka. Impembelelo enhle kakhulu kwimidlalo yomntwana ngaphandle kwezitrato. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imisebenzi ephakamileyo kufuneka ithathe indawo ngokuphumla ngokupheleleyo.
Ukunyanga izifo ze-thymus kubantu abadala, iindlela ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa abantwana. Ukubonelelwa ngeempawu zomntu womntu, ugqirha ubeka unyango olubandakanya amayeza kunye nokulungiselela amacandelo. Unyango oluxanduva kunye nendlela yokuphila enempilo kuya kunceda wonke umntu aphelise izifo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.