Iklabishi ye-Peking - ukulima, ngakumbi ukutyala kweentlobo ezifanelekileyo

Iklabishi yePeking enomdla kwaye enomdla iya kuba yindume kakhulu ngonyaka. Ukusuka kuyo unokupheka izitya ezininzi ezahlukileyo, kodwa zinokunceda. Iyiphi iklabishi yePeking, ukukhula nokunyamekela isityalo kubaluleka ulwazi olulandelayo kubalimi bokuqala.

I-Peking iklabishi - inkcazo

Isityalo, sentsapho yaseCruciferae, saqala ukutsalwa eChina. EMelika naseYurophu, le nkcubeko yasasazeka kuphela kuma-70s. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokulima i-Peking iklabishi ayithethi ukudala iimeko ezikhethekileyo, abaninzi abantu bayalinywa kwiindawo zabo. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "isaladi yaseShayina" okanye "pekinka". Chaza le sityalo ingaba yi nyaniso:

1. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeemifuno: i-semi-baked, i-headed and leafy.
2. Baphatha i-Peking iklabishi kwizityalo ezineminyaka emibini ubudala, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zisetyenziswa njengenkcubeko yonyaka.
3. Imifuno ine-rosette yamagqabantshe kunye nesisu esinomdla kunye nesimo esicwebileyo. Iingcambu ziyi-wavy okanye zi-serrated. Umbala udibanisa ii-yellow hues.
4. Iintlobo apho iintloko ze-cylindric zenziwe zineziqabana zefom e-elongated-oblong form.

I-Peking iklabishi - iintlobo

Kungcono ukuzalanisa ukukhetha iintlobo ze-hybrid ezizaliswe ngabafuyi. Phakathi kwezona ziwayo ziyakwazi ukwahlula izinto ezinjalo:

1. "Ubukhulu baseRashiya". I-hybrid engaxhomekeke kwiimeko ezingafanelekiyo, emva kokuba emva kokuvuthwa kuveliswa kwiintsuku ezingama-80. Ngokunyamekela kakuhle, iklabishi yePeking ikhula i-4 kg.
2. "Cha-cha." Isivuno esiphezulu kwesi sivuno sebakala xa sikhula kwimimandla yee-middle-zone. Ukuba unomsindo wokutyala kunye nokutshala isityalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoko ke isiqhamo sokuqala sinokuvunwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-55, ngoko ke le ngqungquthela ingabizwa ngokuba yi-mid-season. Ngokomyinge, balinganisa i-2.8 kg.
3. Orange Mandarin. Olu luhlu lukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko luyakutyaliswa kulo lonke ihlobo. Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, isivuno siqokelelwa iintsuku ezingama 40 emva kokutyala. Iinhloko zokuqala ziya kuba nobunzima be-1 kg. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuxhathisa amaqondo okushisa aphantsi, ngoko oku kungalinywa ngokukhuselekileyo eSiberia.
4. Vorozhey. Le yintlobo yezityalo ezinomxholo oye wandisa amaqabunga e-alliptical flat nge-edge edge. Kungcono ukukhula njengomhlaza wesaladi.
5. "Nika". Iindidi ze-hybrid ezivelisa izityalo ekuqaleni. Ii-cobs zibanzi kunye ne-elliptical ngendlela. Kulo candelo bayabomvu. Masiqaphele, ukuba phakathi kwamanye amabakala, loo iklabishi yePeking ihluke kwi-plaque ne-wrinkles.
6. "Vesnyanka". Olunye uhlobo lwezityalo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, olubonakala lukhusele ukulwa. Ukususela ekuveleni kwembewu kunye nokukwazi ukuvuna, kwiimeko ezininzi, kudlula iintsuku ezingama-35. Iklabishi enjalo i-Peking ithathwa njengelona lihle kakhulu kwi-salad.
7. "Iglasi." Olu hlobo luhlu luphakathi, kwaye ukuvuna kuya kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-70 emva kokuvela. Amaqabunga anesimo se-elliptical, kwaye zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Olu hlobo luhlukileyo kwaye lufumana isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo.

Ukutyala kweklabishi yePeking kwindawo evulekile

Ngokungafani nezityalo ezininzi zemifuno, imbewu ye-Peking iklabishi ayifuni ukuba ifakwe ngaphambi kokuhlwayela. Ngexesha elifanayo, abalimi abanamava batyusa ukuba basebenzise iimbewu ezingathengiweyo, kodwa ukuba bangene emanzini amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwembewu. Ukuba emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zihluma zingabonakali, ke kungcono ukuthenga imbewu kwivenkile. Ukuhlakulela i-Peking iklabishi ukusuka kwimbewu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemiqathango, ejongene nokukhethwa kwendawo efanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kwezimbobo.

Ukutshala kwekhabishi yePecan

Kukho uluhlu oluncinci lweemfuno zeemeko ezikhulayo, okufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo:

1. Ukuqwalasela umgangatho womhlaba, omele uvelise. Iinkcukacha zokukhetha ziboniswa ngezantsi. Umhlaba kufuneka utyalwe ekwindla, usebenzisa 4.5 kg yomgquba ngamnye kwi-1 m ² .
2. Khetha indawo yokutyala iklabishi entwasahlobo, ukwenzela ukuba usuku lokukhanya luhlale lungekho ngaphantsi kwamahora angama-12. Ngaphandle koko, ingozi yeentyantyambo kunye nembewu yanda.
3. Kunconywa ukunyamekela ingqungquthela yomoya, ngoko kwimozulu esicacileyo i-indicator ifanele ibe ngama-80%, kwaye umswakama womhlaba ngowama-65%.
4. Kuya kuba kuhle ukuphuhlisa iklabishi yePeking, ukulima okuye kwenzeka kwintsimi apho kwakudala ikhukhamba, izaqathe, iitatayi, i-anyanisi kunye negalikhi. Akukhuthazwa ukuba utyale imifuno emva kokutshiza, i-turnips kunye nezinye izityalo ezibethekayo.
5. Ukukhusela iklabishi ekuhlahleni kwingozi yelanga okanye i-cold snap, unokufihla imibhede nge-agrofiber.

Umgama phakathi kweCekbage ngexesha lokutshala

Ukulima kungenziwa yimbewu okanye izithombo, ngoko siza kuhlalutya zombini ukhetho:

1. Imithetho yokutyala I-Peking izithombo zeklabhi zichaza ukubeka imbewu kwiiphothi kunye nomhlaba ubunzulu obungaphezu kwe-1 cm. Kungcono ukutshala ukuze umgama phakathi kwezityalo ezizayo i-1-2 cm. Amahlumela kufuneka avele emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Izityalo zokufakelwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zingaba, xa kukho amaqabunga angama-4-5.
2. Xa utyalwa i-Peking imbewu yeklabishi, ukulima emhlabathini ovulekileyo kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwebhedi, okungafanelekanga. Phakathi kweemingxuma kunye nemigqa kufuneka kube ngumgama wama-25-30 cm. Eminye, unokwenza amathanga amancinci, apho utywala obuninzi obuya kuphuma khona xa uphala.

Imihla yokutshala iklabishi yaseShayina

Umgaqo osisiseko kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo, ukuba unqwenela, ukwandisa iklabishi yithuba elifanelekileyo lokulima. Eli xesha lihle kakhulu entwasahlobo (Aprili 15-20) okanye phakathi kwehlobo (Julayi 20 ukuya ku-Agasti 10). Ukuba ixesha lokutshala i-Peking iklabishi ayinakucingelwa, ngoko izityalo ziya kudubula iintolo kwaye ziqhayise, ngoko ke isivuno esihle asikwazi ukubala. Iintlobo zokuqala zingavuna emva kweentsuku ezingama-40-55 emva kokutyala, kwaye kamva-kwiintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwe-80.

Iklabishi yaseTshayina - ukulima nokunyamekela

Ukuba uyayinyamekela le nkcubeko yemifuno, unokufumana isivuno esihle. Ukulima kweklabishi epeking kwindawo evulekileyo kubonisa ukususwa rhoqo kokhula olukhubaza ukukhula okufanelekileyo. Ukuthintela imbonakalo yabo ngokulumbana , umzekelo, usebenzisa utshani obomileyo. Ukongeza, usebenzisa le ndlela, unako ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini ixesha elide. Ukufumana iziseko ezininzi zeklabishi yePeking, ukulima kufuneka kufake inkqubo efana neentloko ezibophayo. Ukulichitha ekuqaleni kokubonakala kwe-ovary.

Ubume beklabishi ekhulayo kwilizwe - umhlaba

Azikho iimfuno ezizodwa malunga nomhlaba apho kuya kukhula le nkcubeko yemifuno, kwaye ngononophelo olufanelekileyo umntu unokufumana isivuno esicebileyo. Abagadi beligadi bacebisa ukuba bakhethe umhlabathi okhanyayo ovuthiweyo ogqithisa kakuhle umswakama kwaye ungalondolozi umswakama, oko kukuthi, umxholo wodongwe kufuneka ungabandakanywa. Kungcono ukuhlakulela nokunyamekela iklabishi yePeking kwi-loam.

Ukukhulisa izithombo, kulungele ukuxuba i-humus ne-costrate substrate, iqela lesibini kufuneka liphindwe kabini. Olunye uhlobo olufanelekileyo ngumxube ngokulingana okulinganayo kwe-turf kunye ne-peat. Iklabishi ye-Peking, ekhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, iya kuphuhla kakuhle emhlabathini xa i-0.5 l ye-humus ifakwa kwiqula ngalinye.

I-kekishi ye-Peking - ukukhula kwamaqondo okushisa

Ukuphuhliswa okukhawulezayo nokufanelekileyo, jonga iimeko zokushisa. Iklabishi yePeking, ukulima okungafuneki ukudalulwa kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, kungabinqanda. Imbewu iyakhula ngo-4-6 ° C, kwaye izityalo ziyakwazi ukumelana kwaye zincinci. Ukwenza intloko enhle, ukulima kweklabishi yaseTshayina makube kukushisa kwe-13-20 ° C. Ukuba izalathisi zingaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo, ke kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuqala ukuqhuma.

Iimeko zokulima i-Peking iklabishi - ukuthambisa

Ngokuphathelele izityalo ezininzi zegadi, kubalulekile ukuba iklabishi ikhule kwixabiso elifunekayo lokunyusa ngexesha lokulima. Qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba awuwomile, kodwa akufanele ukuguqulwa kuba mnandi ngenxa yokunyusa okunyanzelayo kubangela izifo ze-fungal kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Ukunyamekela iklabishi kwindawo evulekileyo kubonisa ukuphunyezwa kokunisela zonke iintsuku ezintathu, ukuba kwakungekho nzulu. Xa ukhula kwi-greenhouse, ukunkcenkceshela kwenziwa malunga neveki enye.

Ukulima kwekhakishi yePeking kwilizwe lokutya

Ukufumana isityalo esihle, isichumiso se-mineral kufanele sisetyenziswe, kodwa asinakusetyenziswa, njengokuba kutshalwa iklabishi emhlophe, enye i-nitrate iya kubuthela kumaqabunga. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kungcono ukugqoka i-Peking iklabishi entwasahlobo, ukushiya kunye nokutshala kule meko kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ezinzima. Isityalo siphendula kakuhle kwiimveliso ezizityebi kwi-potassium. Kunconywa ukuba uthele i-ash ash emzimbeni phantsi kwengcambu yeklabishi, engayi kuba yintlanzi efanelekileyo kuphela, kodwa ikhusele nxamnye nezinambuzane.

I-kekichi ye-Peking - izifo kunye nezinambuzane

Ukufumana isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukulandela imimandla ukwenzela ukuba uqaphele iingxaki ngelo xesha. Ukulinywa kweklabishi ye-Peking kunye nokunyamekela ngaphandle kuthetha ukulwa nezi zifo nezifo:

1. Umswakama ogqithiseleyo ubangela ukuba kubonakale ukubola okumhlophe, okumnyama nokumnyama, kunye nezifo zenyama.
2. Kwimimandla eyomileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zizalisa, umzekelo, i- slugs , i-cruciferous fleas kunye ne-bugs, iifubbhabhu zeklabishi kunye nezinye iinambuzane. Ukulawula izinambuzane, iindlela ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa: ukumnika i-garlic, isisombululo se-ammonia kunye nabanye.