Intsebenziswano yendoda kunye noluntu ayinakuphela kuphela kumanyathelo omthetho, kodwa kunye nokuziphatha. Isimo sengqondo kubo singabonakali - abanye abaphandi babecinga ukuba bangabambeka phambili kwimimiselo yonke, ngelixa abanye bakubonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuphuhliswa kobuqili xa bengabikho.
Ziziphi iindlela zokuziphatha?
Umnqweno wabantu ukuba ube yinxalenye yoluntu ayikho mfuneko, kodwa ukusebenzisana okufanelekileyo kufuneka kubekho imigangatho. Ezinye zichazwe nguRhulumente, ezinye zichongiwe kwinkqubo yokwakha uluntu. Iimiselo zokuziphatha ziyimigaqo yomntu, kubonakaliswe kwihambo yakhe. Omnye unokukwazi ukuqhawula iifom zemihla ngemihla nangaphezulu, umzekelo wendlela yokugqibela yimiba "yenza okulungileyo, ugweme ububi" (F. Aquinas) kunye "nenzuzo enkulu kunani labantu abaninzi" (I. Bentam).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha iyintlukwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, okokuqala kubonwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu efunekayo ekusebenzeni ngokuvumelana kweqela labantu kunye nokufumana ukugqibelela kokuziphatha. Yonke into ijoliswe ekulondolozeni okulungileyo, elandela le ndlela, umntu uzalisekisa umsebenzi wakhe kuluntu. Isazela sakhe sihlala sikhululekile, oko kukuthi, ityala alinakuzaliseka. Inkqubo yokuzikhethela ngokuziphatha iyanzima, isiphumo sayo siza kuzibophezela kubo nakwabanye abantu.
Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nomthetho?
Iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye nemigangatho yokuziphatha ihlala ixhomekeke kwimithetho, kodwa musa ukuyiphindaphinda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iya kuxabana. Umntu unokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kweenjongo ezilungileyo, unembeza wakhe uya kucacisa, kodwa urhulumente uya kuphendula. Makhe siqwalasele ngokungakumbi iinkcukacha zokuziphatha kunye nokulawulwa komthetho.
- Iinkalo zomthetho zijongene nabasemagunyeni, zilawula kwaye ziqwalasele ukuphunyezwa. Ukuziphatha kuya kusekelwe kwiphankaso yomntu ngamnye kunye nembono yabanye, akukho mandla okulawula.
- Iimiselo zokuziphatha ziyakwamkelwa ukuba zenzeke, kodwa zinika ukhetho. Imithetho ayinikezeli.
- Ukuba awuyihoyi imithetho, ufanele ujeziswe (intle okanye ijele). Ukuba uhluleka ukuthobela imithetho yokuziphatha, uya kuba nokuthotyelwa kwabanye kunye nesazela esingcolileyo
- Imigangatho yomthetho isetyenziswe ngokubhaliweyo, kwaye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ingadluliselwa ngomlomo.
Iindidi zokuziphatha
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuziphatha:
- Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lobomi - ukuthintela ukubulawa komntu okanye isilwanyana.
- Iingcamango zesithunzi nesidima.
- Umgaqo Wemfihlo.
- Kuzimela kunye nenkululeko yomntu.
- Ngokumalunga nokuthembela.
- Imimiselo yobulungisa.
- Ngokubhekiselele kwimpikiswano yoluntu.
- Imigaqo yokuziphatha eyenziwe ngendlela yeengcebiso.
Kukho iqela elihlukileyo elilawula ukuba yeyiphi imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo.
- I-Kant Imperative: imithetho isetyenziselwa ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo.
- Umgaqo onqabela ukuba yijaji kwishishini lakhe.
- Amacala afanayo afanayo.
Yiyiphi imilinganiselo yokuziphatha esungulwayo?
Ukudalwa kwemithetho kunye nokulawulwa kokuphunyezwa kwazo kusekho kumagxa aseburhulumenteni, kodwa imigangatho yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha ayinayo inkxaso enamandla. Benza umsebenzi wabo ngokuzimeleyo, intsebenziswano nganye entsha ikhokelela kwisidingo sokuseka isakhelo sayo. Ukuzaliswa kwenzeka phantsi kwengcinezelo yenkcubeko, uluvo lukawonkewonke kunye nemibono yabantu kwihlabathi. Umntu unelungelo lokwenqaba nayiphi na isithintelo, esicinga ukuba ayimkelekanga.
Yintoni elawulwa yimilinganiselo yokuziphatha?
Iingongoma zokubhaliweyo zokuziphatha azikho ukuqhubelela umntu umntu kwisakhelo esingqongqo, banemisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
- Qi kelelwa . Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele iziganeko ezilungileyo nakwizinto ezimbi.
- LeMfundo . Udlala indima ekubunjweni kobuntu, udlulisela amava okugxininisa kwisizukulwana esitsha. Ukunganakwa kwimimiselo yokuziphatha kukuchaphazela ukusekwa koqhagamshelwano nabanye abantu, kubalulekile.
- YoLawulo . Ubonisa imida yokuziphatha komntu kunye nokusebenzisana kwayo kwiqela. Le ndlela ihluke kakhulu kwezinye iinqonga, kuba ayifuni nayiphi na imithombo yolawulo. Iimiselo ziqala ukusebenza xa ziba zikholo zomntu zangaphakathi, ngoko ke, akudingeki ukuba zibekwe esweni.
Ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho yokuziphatha
Abaphandi bathi ixesha lemithetho elawula ubudlelwane lilingana nelingana noluntu. Kwi-generic system ezi zilandelayo zizalwe.
- ITaboo . Ibeka izithintelo ezingqongqo kwizenzo ezinobungozi kunye nobudlova kwizinto ezithile. Kuqiniswa ngenxa yokwesaba isijeziso esivela kwimikhosi yamandla.
- Ngokwezifiso . Iyakwandisa kumalungu eqela elisemthethweni ngokumisela imithetho. Unika umntu umyalelo oqinileyo, engashiyi inkululeko yokuthatha isenzo, axhaswe ngumbono kawonkewonke.
- Imveli . Uhlobo oluzinzile lwesithethe, olugcinwe kwizizukulwana ezininzi zabantu. Iifom zokuziphatha aziyikucwangcisa ukucinga, kufuneka zilandele ngokucacileyo.
Ngokuqhekeka kwenkqubo yenkqubo, i-code ethi yokuziphatha yavela-imigaqo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo ezilawula imbono yehlabathi kunye nokuziphatha komntu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Bathumela kubo bonke abantu, banike umntu isalathiso kwaye bamshiye ithuba lokuzimisela. Ukuxhaswa yiingcamango zokulungileyo nokubi kunye nefuthe loluntu ngombono.
Imilinganiselo yanamhlanje yokuziphatha
- Uphuhliso lwemithetho luhamba ngeendlela ezininzi, zikarhulumente.
- Amaqela abantu ayenziwe, apho enye ingcamango yokuziphatha isetyenziswe, ichazwe zizivumelwano zobugcisa.
- Iikomiti zokuziphatha zijongamela ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho.
- Ukuziphatha kuceba iziganeko ezilandelayo kunye neengxaki.
- Ukulahlekelwa yintsholongwane yonqulo kuyatshintsha umbono wentsingiselo yobomi.
- Ukudityaniswa kwemibutho yomhlaba kubangela ukuziphatha okuncinci kwilizwe.