Unqwenela ukunyamezela nokuzala umntwana onempilo, abafazi bahlala bebuza malunga nendlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa. Makhe siqwalasele le nkqubo ngokubanzi, ukugqamisa iingongoma eziphambili, amayeza asetyenziswayo, amanyathelo okulungiselela.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Pregravid yokukhulelwa - yintoni na?
Igama elithi "pregravidar preparation" lisetyenziselwa ukuchonga isethi yamanyathelo ajoliswe ekusebenzeni ngokuchanekileyo komzimba, okubangela ukuba kuqalwe inkqubo yokuthotyelwa. Ingcaciso yenziwe ngokudibanisa ezimbini iziseko ezisisiseko: "pre" - ngaphambili, kunye nesiLatin "gravida" - ukhulelwe. Inkqubo ngokwayo iqulethwe ngamanqanaba ambalwa, apho iingcali ezicwangcisiweyo zentsapho zikhethe:
- inkcazo yemigaqo efanelekileyo yokukhulelwa ;
- ukuvavanywa kwimeko yempilo yabazali bexesha elizayo;
- ukulungiselela umtshato ozayo;
- Ukumiselwa kweentsuku ezifanelekileyo zokukhulelwa kweqanda .
Ukuthetha malunga nendlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa, oogqirha batusa ukuba iqalise inkqubo ngaphandle kweenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi komhla wokucwangciswa kokuzalwa. Eli xesha liyimfuneko yoviwo olubanzi bobabini abatshatileyo, unyango lweenkqubo ezichongiweyo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokuvuvukala emzimbeni. Ngokukhawuleza bangaba ngumqobo ekuzalweni komntwana omncinci.
Ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa - apho uqala khona?
Ukulungiswa komzimba ngokukhulelwa kufuneka kuqalwe ngovavanyo olubanzi lwezitho. Ngexesha elifanayo, ingqalelo eninzi ihlawulwa kwimeko yenkqubo yokuzala, kokubili umama noyise. Ukongezelela, iimviwo zokukhusela zeengcali ezifana nalezi:
- endocrinologist;
- i-cardiologist;
- oculist;
- i-neuropathologist;
- wamazinyo.
Ngethuba elifanayo, abazali abaza kuhlola iimpawu ezibonisa isimo kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zangaphakathi:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi (jikelele kunye ne-biochemistry);
- urinalysis;
- ukuzimisela kwinqanaba lamahomoni;
- i-smear evela kwi-urethra kunye nesini (kubafazi);
- ukufundisisa igazi nge-syphilis kunye nezinye izifo zesondo.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa kwengqondo?
Amantombazana amancinci azimisele ukuba ngumama ahlala esenomdla kwimpendulo yombuzo wokulungiselela ukukhulelwa ngokuziphatha, ukuzilungelelanisa kwinkqubo ende kunye noxanduva. Iingcali zengqondo ziqaphele ukuba ngokuthe ngqo kwimoya, iinkolelo zabasetyhini zidla ngokuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yokukhulelwa. Iimeko eziyimfuneko zi:
- Ukunciphisa iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo. Ngaphantsi ibhinqa ibhekane namava kunye noxinzelelo, uphuculo olungcono, olungenako kodwa lubonakaliswe kwimeko yenkqubo yokuzala. Imvelaphi ye-hormonal esisigxina yisiseko sokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukunciphisa uxhalaba ngekamva. Ibhinqa kufuneka lithe thuzele kwaye livuyisise xa lijonge izicwangciso zakhe, ikamva. Umzimba ulungiswe ngendlela enokuba inganyamezeli utshintsho olunzulu olufuna ukulungiswa kwemvelo, utshintsho kwendlela kunye nokuhlelwa kwemini. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ubukhulu beenguqu ezizayo kwiingcamango zomntu, ukuqala ukusetyenziswa kwiinguqu ezisekuqaleni kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa abantwana.
IiVithamini zokukhulelwa kokukhulelwa
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwemitha yokukhulelwa kubandakanya ukuthatha imithi kunye neziyobisi ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuzala. Indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwamayeza anjalo ahlala kwiivitham complexes. Ukufunyanwa kwamagqirha abo kunconywa ukuba kuqale iinyanga ezi-3-6 ngaphambi kokucwangciswa kocwangciso. I-vitamin enyanzelekileyo yinto ye-aclic acid.
Eli qela lichaphazela ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo zokuzala, lunceda ekuthwaleni umntwana onempilo. Oogqirha bancomela ukuba badle i-400 μg ye-folic acid nganye iiyure ezingama-24. Ukwamkelwa kuyaqhubeka kwaye emva kokuqala kokukhulelwa, ukuya kwiiveki ezili-12 ezibandakanya. Ukongeza kwi-acid ye folic, iivithamini ezilandelayo zibaluleke kakhulu kumama ozayo:
- Imfuneko yemihla ngemihla ye-100-300 IU;
- i-vitamin D - 400 IU ngosuku;
- K - 1 mg;
- i-vitamin A - 3000 IU;
- C - 60 mg.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweziGciwane - iziyobisi
I-acid ye-folic ekulungiseleleni ukukhulelwa akukhona kuphela iivithamini ezifunekayo ngumzimba. Ngokukodwa ngoomama ozayo, ukulungiswa kwamavithamini amancinci kuye kwaphuhliswa, okuqwalasela umfuno wemihla ngemihla. Zinevithamini ezinokulinganisela kunye nezinto ezilandeleleneyo. Oku kuphelisa imfuno yamachiza amaninzi. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo:
- I-Alphabet kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo;
- Bio-max;
- I-Vitrum ngaphambi kokubeleka ;
- Gendevit dragees;
- Complivit Trimestrum 1;
- Materna;
- Selmevit;
- Femibion;
- Elevit Prerenatal;
- Iinyanga ezili-9.
Ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa - iimvavanyo
Ukulungiselela kakuhle ukukhulelwa kwaye ungaphuthelwa ixesha elibalulekileyo, umfazi kufuneka axhumane neziko lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa. Ezi zinto zisebenza kwiidolophu ezinkulu. Xa bengabikho, umfazi ofuna ukuba ngumama unokufaka isicelo kwiintetho zokubhinqa kwabasetyhini kwindawo yabo yokuhlala. Uphando luqala ngokutyelela kwi-gynecologist kunye noviwo kwi-armchair. Ngelo xesha, i-smears iqokelelwa kwi-microflora ukusuka kwisisu kunye ne-urretha ukubonisa izifo ezingapheliyo kwinkqubo yokuzala kunye nosulelo. Ibhinqa liyahlolwa ngoku:
- ureaplasmas ;
- chlamydia;
- mycoplasma.
Ngokuthe ngqo ezi zifo-mzimba zihlala ziba ngumqobo wokukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo. Emva koko intombazana inikwe icandelo lophando:
- igazi eliqhelekileyo;
- biochemistry;
- uhlalutyo lomchamo.
Ngokufanayo, igalelo legazi kunye neR Rh isetyenziselwa ukukhuphela iingxaki ezifana ne-Rh-conflict. Ezinye izifundo ezifunekayo phambi kokucwangciswa kwezicwangciso ziquka:
- uhlaziyo lwe-hepatitis;
- uphando nge-syphilis (i-RW);
- uhlalutyo lwe-toxoplasmosis;
- uhlalutyo lwe-cytomegalovirus;
- ufunde nge rubella.
Ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa - ukutya
Ukondla ngokukodwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa komntwana yenye yeemeko zokukhulelwa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngoko oogqirha bacebisa iinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkqubo yokukhuphela ngokupheleleyo imveliso equlethe i-preservatives, izongezo zokwenziwa. Ukutya okukhawulezileyo, izitya ezigcobileyo, ukutya, ukutshaya kufuneka kususwe kwitafile. Kunzima ukugaya, akukho nto ikhona. Kwi-reproductologists yokutya bayacetyiswa ukuba ba ndakanye:
- i mifuno;
- siqhamo;
- iimveliso zobisi;
- intlanzi;
- inyama ephantsi.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa emva kweminyaka engama-40?
Ukuphendula umbuzo wesifazane malunga nendlela yokulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhulelwa kule minyaka, oogqirha bathi ukukhulelwa ngokwawo akunqwenelekayo. Ukoyika oogqirha banxulumene neenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka kwinkqubo yokuzala. Abasetyhini abaye banquma ukuba nomntwana, oogqirha bancoma uviwo olubanzi lwebhubhoratri.
Ukongeza kwizifundo eziqhelekileyo, i-smears, ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele ukukhulelwa, kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise neziko lofuzo. Emva kweminyaka engama-40, amathuba okuvelisa izifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo ezibelethwe ngumntwana ebusweni zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokufumana isigqibo seengcali, imvume yakhe, umama ozayo unokuceba ukukhulelwa. Ukuba ugqirha uthetha ngomngcipheko ophezulu wokungahambi kakuhle, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukukhulelwa.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa emva kokukhulelwa okukhuni?
Ejongene nokuphuhliswa kokukhula komntwana, ufuna ukuphepha ukuphindaphinda kweengxaki, lo mfazi unomdla wokulungiselela ukukhulelwa ngokuzayo. Amaphuzu aphambili kule nkqubo yile:
- ukuchongwa kwesizathu esibangela ukuphulwa;
- iimvavanyo zamahomoni;
- i-smear ukusuka kwisini ngenxa yesifo;
- I-ultrasound yeenxalenye zeplavic;
- uphando lwezofuzo;
- ukupheliswa kwezinto ezibangele ukukhawuleza.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa emva kokusweleka kwesisu?
Ukuba nomdla kugqirha malunga nendlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa emva kokukhipha isisu, ibhinqa ihlala ifumana iingcebiso malunga neemfuno zokukhuselwa. Kwiinyanga ezili-6, iintsholongwane zezilwanyana azicebisi ukucwangcisa ukukhulelwa okutsha. Kufuneka ixesha elaneleyo lokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokuzala kwisimo sayo esivamile. Ngeli xesha, uphando luqhutyelwa ukufumanisa isizathu sokuphuphuma kwesisu kunye nokuphelisa izinto eziphazamisayo. Ethetha malunga nokulungiselela ukukhulelwa okuphinda, oogqirha babonisa imfuneko yale mi sebenzi elandelayo:
- vavanyo lwe-biological;
- uvavanyo lwegazi lokucima;
- ukugqiba i-hCG egazini;
- uhlalutyo lwamagciwane;
- kufunda i karyotype;
- I-Ultrasound ye-pelvis encinci;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamahomoni: T3 kunye ne-T4.