Akunabo bonke abalimi, abaqalayo ngokubanzi, bayazi indlela yokutshala i-strawberries, bayinyamekele. Ukususela ekugcinweni kwemilinganiselo ye-agrotechnical, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, izinto eziphambanisekayo eziphezulu, ukulungelelaniswa nokugcinwa rhoqo, isixa sokuvuna ngokuxhomekeke ngqo. Ukunyuka ama-strawberries akuyona into elula, kufuna amandla, umonde kunye nexesha.
Indlela yokutshala i-strawberry?
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-strawberries, khetha indawo efanelekileyo ngokuhlela imibhede enobulunga, ulungiselele kwisayithi efikeleleke ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kakuhle, indawo efanelekileyo ibe yintlambo esezantsi. Kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba okanye ematyeni isityalo siphula kakuhle, akukho mfuneko yokulindela isivuno esikhulu. Ngaphambi kokutyala ama-strawberries, kufuneka ulandele le mithetho elandelayo:
- kwisayithi ekhethiweyo kufuneka kubekho amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba;
- Njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela, uhlalutye umhlaba kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokutyala ngesisombululo se-sulfate kunye ne-lime ukufudumala ku-50-70 ° C (50 g / 500 g / 10 l);
- Ukulungiselela imibhede, yenza umquba , ngakumbi kubalulekile kwiindidi ze-strawberries. Ingxenye ephezulu yomhlaba, engekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 cm, kufuneka ibe nokubunjwa, ngaphezu kwe-turf land, izingxenye ezilinganayo: i-peat, isanti emhlophe kunye ne-humus;
- Ngaphambi kokutyala iingcambu zezityalo, gcoba kwibhokisi le-chatter, elungiselelwe ukusuka kwamadongwe kunye ne- mullein .
Indlela yokuhlwaya izithombo zeengcirbriji?
Ukutyala ama-strawberries kwenziwa, kokubili ekwindla nakusentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukuba izinto zokutshala ozikhethileyo zinezimpande ezintle. Khetha izityalo nge rootlets apho kukho i-primer, ngaphandle koko baya kuthatha ingcambu ixesha elide. Lungisa isayithi, sebenzisa isichumisi. Ngaphambi kokutyala i-strawberries, ixesha lexesha lembewu, uhlale kwindawo epholileyo. Yenza imingxuma kumgama wama-25-30 cm ubude, ukwenzela ukuba iingcambu zifumaneke ngokuzenzekelayo, zongeza i-humus kunye nomthi womthi emithonjeni, uthele emanzini. Ukumboza umgodi ngomhlaba, ukuwufihla ngokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokuhlwaya i-strawberry nge imbewu?
Ukwazi indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries kunye nembewu, ukuze ube nezityalo zakho, uzilungiselele ukuba isityalo sifuna ukunakwa nokunyamekela. Ukufumana izithombo ezinempilo, ezinamandla kunye ezingenanto, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba:
- ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhluma. Imbewu iqala ukuhlwayela kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kaFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi;
- umhlaba odibeneyo. Umhlaba udinga i-fertile elula (efana neebhedi), kunye nokudibanisa i-perlite okanye i-vermiculite (ipow-baking powder);
- ukucwangciswa. "Ukuxhalabisa" ekushiseni kwe + 2 + 4 ° C. Gcina zihlale zimanzi, zivuselele zonke iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14, ngethuba lokuhlwayela elomileyo;
- unyango lwegazi. Imbewu efakwe ngaphakathi kuyo imizuzu engama-30-40 ngaphambi kokutyala, ikhule ngokukhawuleza;
- ukuqala ukuhluma kwembewu. Le nkqubo izokunceda ukulawula ukuhluma nokugatya izityalo ezibuthathaka, eziphuhliswayo;
- ukukhanya okwaneleyo. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa isibane sokulondoloza amandla esisekude ka-20-25 cm ngaphezu komgca wesitya apho imbewu ityalwe khona;
- ukuthambisa rhoqo. Umhlaba awufanele umile, i-strawberry idinga umswakama.
Inkqubo yokuhluma ingapheli kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha, konke kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, qinisekisa ukuba i-germs yobushushu bombuso ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-23-25 ° C, usuku olukhanyayo lweeyure ezingama-12 ukuya ku-15 ukuya kutsho kunye nokutshiza rhoqo kwi-spray. Ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa kwemvula, pha kamisa iiglasi zeglasi rhoqo kwaye uvuselele amahlumela. Ngokutshala imbewu entwasahlobo ngqo emhlabathini, ekwindla ungatshintshela izityalo kwisayithi echongiweyo kulo.
Indlela yokutshala amadevu?
Ukucinga ngendlela yokutshala kakuhle kwaye ukhule amadevu e-strawberries, abalimi, abaqalayo, kufuneka bazi ukuba isiqhamo sivelisa ukuvuna ama-berries, okanye i-mustache ephilileyo. Ukufumana i-whiskers esemgangathweni, khetha isityalo sowunina, ususe yonke i-buds kuyo, ukuphelisa imbali kunye nokubonakala kweziqhamo. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo ihlathi liza kunika amadevu, ushiye i-strongest, yonke indawo. Xa izimpande zivela, zibacande emhlabathini, okanye i-prikopayte kwiphothi ehlukeneyo, ibekwe eceleni kwehlathi. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, thabatha amadevu axotyiweyo ukusuka kwisiqithi somama uze uyihlume emhlabathini.
Umayela ngaphi umgama?
Ukuba ugqiba ukuhlakulela i-strawberries kwisiza sakho, kufuneka uqale ngokutshala okuchanekileyo kwesi sikhokelo somyezo wegadi. Ukumisela umgama wokutshala i-strawberry, khetha enye yezindlela zokutyala:
- ukukhula okuhlukileyo. Le ndlela inzima, umgama phakathi kwe-rosettes uvela kwi-40 ukuya kwi-60 cm;
- ukuhamba ngokulandelelana. Le ndlela inika umphumo obalaseleyo, izityalo zikhula kakuhle kwaye zivelise iziqhamo, umgama phakathi kwemigangatho ngu-40-60 cm, phakathi kwamahlathi 20-25 cm;
- n sediment kwiindawo. Isityalo esinye kwindawo, ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu ezijikelezileyo, kunye nomgama we-5-7 cm. Izidleke ziphakathi kwe-25-35 cm kunye ne-30-40 cm phakathi kwemiqolo;
- ukuhamba komhlaba. Inketho elula, indlela egciniweyo yokukhula kweentlobo, ayivumeli ukuphuhliswa kokhula, umhlaba uya kugcina umthunzi, ngokungafunekiyo, ukuvumela ukuba isityalo sizisasaze kwisiza.
Uhlobo luni lomhlaba lokutshala i-strawberries?
Kukho ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kokutshala i-strawberries ngokuchanekileyo, yiyiphi imveliso yomhlaba efanelekileyo kunye nayo isivuno esiphezulu sesi sityalo. I-fecundity engcono kakhulu iyabonwa kwi-chernozem, ifaniswe ngomlotha kunye nomhlaba omnyama wehlathi, ukukhanya okubunjiweyo, umbala omnyama, umhlaba we-turf awuvumelekanga kangako kwi-strawberries. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-strawberries ehlahleni, qiniseka ukuba akukho zilwanyana ezinambuzane, kwaye xa zifunyenwe, ziyabatshabalalisa. Ebusika, zama ukubonelela ngamanyathelo okugcina ikhephu kwindawo ekhethiweyo, entwasahlobo utyumba umhlaba kwaye usebenzise isichumiso.
Emva kweyiphi inkcubeko uhlwayela ama-strawberries?
Indawo yokuhlahlela i-strawberries kufuneka iguqulwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo (kufuneka yenziwe yonke iminyaka engama-3-5), ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi ophezulu we-spores, ophethe i-fungi ye-pathogenic ne-ectoparasites, ayiyi kukhula. Iintlobo kufuneka zitshintshwe, kuba izidumbu zinepropati yokuguqula iintlobo ezithile, kwaye izityalo azizinamandla. Xa uqala ukutshintshwa kwee-strawberries kwisiza esitsha, kufuneka uqikelele: emva kweziphi izityalo onokutshala ama-strawberries, kwaye emva koko akukhuthazwa.
Iingcali zincoma ukuba zinike iisayithi ze-strawberry, emva kokuba zikhula:
- anyanisi, igalikhi;
- iparsley, idill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi;
- ngqolowa, iimbotyi;
- iibhunge, iinqathi, i-radishes, i-lettuce.
Ukuba emva kokuvunwa kwezityalo ezibalulwe kwindlaphu yasekuqaleni ukutshala ama-strawberries, ngoko ukuvuna okuhle, kulindeleke ukuba lihlobo elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uluhlu lwezityalo, emva koko alucebisi ukutshala ama-strawberries, kunye kunye nabo:
- iifatata kunye neetamatato. Ukusuka kubo, i-strawberries inokusuleleka ngentsholongwane, i-wireworm, kunye nezibungu ze-Colorado beetle ziyakonakalisa. Utamatisi wenza umhlaba apho ekhula khona, ayamkelekanga kwi-strawberries;
- ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, i-pepper, isitshalo seqanda, i-sunflower, i-artichoke yaseYerusalem. Ezi mifuno zikhawuleza zichithe umhlaba, i-strawberry emva kwazo ikhula kakuhle kwaye ikhula.
Ndiyakutyala nini na ama-strawberries?
Xa ukhetha ixesha lonyaka xa ufuna ukutshala ama-strawberries, qwa lasela iimeko zebakala kunye neemozulu zendawo, amaxesha amahle apho iitswitshi zitsalwa khona zi:
- Kwiminyaka elishumi yokugqibela ka-Apreli-iminyaka yokuqala yokuqala kaMeyi;
- Kwiminyaka elishumi yokugqibela kaJulayi - iminyaka elishumi yokuqala kaSeptemba.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokutshala i-strawberries ebusika, xesha lixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala le nkcubeko ye-berries ngu-Agasti. Kule mimandla apho inqabileyo yeqhwa iwa khona, iindiza zinzima, kungcono ukudlulisa inkqubo yokungena entwasahlobo. Amahlumela abancinci aya kuba namandla ngakumbi kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, zikhule kakuhle kwaye unyaka ozayo unike isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ukutyala kweentshukumo kuqikelelwa njengengqiqo.
Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo?
Ngaphambi kokutyala i-strawberry entwasahlobo, gcwalisa imibhede phantsi kwayo ukusuka ekuwa, susela ama-clods of earth, ulahle ukhula. Lungisa izityalo ngokuthi "uzikhubekise" kwaye uphathe ngayo ngokukhuthaza. Ukutshala izityalo emhlabeni, ubukele ubunzulu bokutyala, inqaku lokukhula (intliziyo) kufuneka libekwe ngqo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Emva kokubeka isiqithi emhadini, sityhila, ngokungezelelwe ukongeza amanzi. Ukufika entwasahlobo kwindawo evulekile kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokubonisa ubushushu bebusuku obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-6-8 ° C.
Nini ukutshala i-strawberry ekuwa?
Ekwindla, abaninzi bacinga ixesha lonyaka xa kungcono ukutshala i-strawberries, kuba ngokuqala kwehlobo, iintsika ziya kuvelisa isivuno esihle. Indlela yokutshala i-strawberries ekwindla, ngeliphi ixesha lixhomekeke kumjikelezo wophuhliso lweemeko ezithile kunye neemeko zemozulu zendawo. Ukutsalwa kwekwindla kwee-strawberries, kuxhomekeke kwithuba lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha, lihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amathathu, apho ezimbini zokuqala zibhekwa njengezikhethekileyo:
- ekwindla, ukususela ngoAgasti 15 ukuya kuSeptemba 15;
- ekwindla, phakathi koSeptemba ukuya ku-Oktobha;
- Ngomhla ekwindla, izityalo zityalwe iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya ngaphambi kokuqala kweqabunga lokuqala.
Yintoni enokutyalelwa ngeerberberries?
Ezinye izididi zegadi zithenganga ngokupheleleyo. Kuluhlu lwezinto ezingenako ukutsalwa ngaphantsi kweerberberries, iklabishi kunye ne-horseradish zingangena. I-Strawberries ngokukhetha abamelwane abayinto engathandekiyo, bahlobo nabaninzi, umzekelo, unokukhokelela:
- irises, i-rhododendron, i-clematis, i-marigolds, i-calendula, i-jasmine. Ngalandelayo kwezi ntyatyambo kunye nezihlahla zentlobo ze-strawberry azixhomekekanga kwizifo, ukuvunwa okungaphezulu;
- i-spruce, ipineyini, i-raspberry, i-sea-buckthorn, iidiliya. Ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwesityalo.
- ininzi imifuno kunye nemifuno (ukhukhamba, i-beet, izaqathi, anyanisi, i-garlic, iigasi, iimbotyi). Ukucebisa umhlaba nge nitrogen.
Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries phantsi kwezinto eziphathekayo?
Abalimi abaninzi, ukufunda indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo phantsi kwe-agrobiol ebomnyama, bhenela kule ndlela, ukuqonda ukuba kuyinto efanelekileyo kwaye ikulungele. I-Strawberry, ekhulile phantsi kwezinto ezifihlakeleyo, ayifuni nokhula kunye ne-slugs, kulula ukunyamekela kunye nokuqokelela izityalo emva kwemibhede. Umhlaba ulungiselelwe kwangaphambili, ukhululiwe, utyalwa. Ukutshala izithombo ngaphantsi kwe-agrovolokno, sinemiqolo yayo, kwinqaba nganye eyenza ubungakanani bee-6x6 cm, 25 cm ukusuka komnye nomnye, i-corners bend yangaphakathi. Emva kokungena kwelanga, isiqithi ngasinye siyanisela.