I-syndrome yokufumana i-immunodeficiency ibangelwa ngusuleleko lwe-HIV, ongangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa i-fluological fluids (igazi, i-lymph, i-sperm) kunye neentlobano zesondo ezingaphephile okanye ukuphathwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango ezingenasigxina.
Usulelo lwe-HIV lubonakala njani?
Igciwane le-immunodeficiency virus inexesha lokuxubusha elihlala malunga neveki ezi-3 ukuya ku-6. Emva kolu xeshanye, kwi-50-70% yamatyala, isiqalo esicacileyo se-febrile siqala, sihamba kunye:
- ukushisa okuphezulu (kaninzi kungekho ngaphezulu kwe-37.5 ° C);
- intlungu emqaleni;
- intlungu kumalunga, imisipha;
- intloko;
- ukulala, i-malaise jikelele, ukulahleka kwesidlo;
- kwandisa i-lymph nodes;
- isicathulo, isisu, ukuhlanza;
- izikhumba zesikhumba, izilonda ze-mucosa;
- i-serous meningitis (inqabile kakhulu).
Ngelishwa, kulula ukudibanisa intsholongwane eqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zokuqala ze-HIV, ezizibonakalisa zingabalulekanga kwaye ziya kwiiveki ezi-1-2 (ixesha elide eliza kuthatha ngayo, kuxhomekeke kwisimo somzimba wesigulane).
Kwi-10% yamatyala, intsholongwane kaGawulayo ihamba ngesivinini sombane, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, i-AIDS ibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza - njengommiselo, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokusuleleka, imeko yesigulane ihlahloka ngokukhawuleza.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo
Isigaba esiphezulu se-febrile sithatyathwa ngethuba lokuxilongwa xa isigulane esiphelele-HIV sinomuva uphilile. Kuphela umyinge weminyaka eyi-10-15.
Kwi-30-50% yezigulane, isigaba esingenasiphelo senziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kwexesha lokunyusa.
Ukungabikho kwezibonakaliso kwenza kube lula ukukholisa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulane esingazi malunga nesimo sakhe se-HIV kwaye ayilandelanga i-CD-4 i-lymphocytes, eli xesha lokungazi linokudlala umdlalo okhohlakeleyo.
Inkqubo yokusuleleka ngoGawulayo
Ngethuba lexesha elingaqhelekanga, inani le-CD4 lymphocytes linciphisa ngokukhawuleza. Xa umxholo wabo ufinyelela kuma-200 / μl, bathetha malunga nokukhutshwa komzimba. Umzimba uqala ukuhlasela ii-infathogens zezifo ezichaphazelekayo (ngokwemimiselo ye-pathogenic flora), ezingasongelwa ngumntu onempilo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, zihlala kwi-mucous and mates.
Izinga lokunciphisa inani le-CD4 T lymphocytes lihlala limele kwaye lixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yesifo sengculaza. Ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi na isigaba intsholongwane kwaye ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba i-AIDS ikhule, uhlalutyo luvumela ukuba isiguli ngasinye se-HIV (isimo se-immune) sithathwe zonke iinyanga ezi-3-6.
Ifom yokuqala yoGawulayo
UGawulayo njengesigaba esiphuhlisiwe se-HIV sibonakala kubasetyhini kunye namadoda ngeendlela ezimbini.
Ifom yokuqala, ukulahleka kwesisindo kungaphantsi kwe-10% yobunzima bokuqala. Zikhona izilonda zesikhumba ezibangelwa iifungi, ii-virus, iibhaktheriya:
- candidiasis stomatitis - thrush yesigxobo somlomo;
- izibhinqa - iingqungquthela kunye neengqungquthela kakhulu kwi-trunk;
- i-leukoplakia enesisu emlonyeni - iipliti kunye nemifula emhlophe emacaleni kolwimi;
- herpes rhoqo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-AIDS ibonakaliswe, njengommiselo, kwakhona ngohlobo lwe-otitis ephindaphindiweyo (ukucheba indlebe), i-pharyngitis (ukuvuvukala kwindonga yangemuva emqaleni) kunye ne-sinusitis (ukuvuvukala kwesono sempumlo). Njengekhosi kaGawulayo, ezi zifo zanda kwaye zihlala zingapheliyo.
Ifom ephakamileyo yeAIDS
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kwisigaba sesibini kuphezulu kune-10% yobunzima. Izimpawu ezingentla zixhaswa:
- uhudo kunye / okanye umkhuhlane ngaphezu kweenyanga 1;
- isifo sofuba;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- intensinal helminthiasis;
- Sarcoma Kaposi;
- pneumocystis pneumonia;
- lymphomas.