U-Urinalysis nguNechiporenko ungenye yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuxilonga. Isetyenziswe kwi-urology, nephrology nezinye iindawo zamachiza. Le ndlela yokuxilonga iindleko ezincinci ithathwa njengolwazi olunzulu. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone iinkonzo ezifihliweyo ze-genitourinary system kwaye uqale ukuzinqanda ngokukhawuleza.
Uhlalutyo lomchamo lubhekisela ntoni kuNechiporenko?
Uphononongo olunjalo lokuxilongwa lucetyiswa ngu-Soviet-doctor-doctor. Lo mdwebi nguAlexander Zacharovich Nechiporenko. Indlela ephakanyiswe nguye yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukucacisa inani lamalungu egazi ekhoyo kumchamo. Ingqalelo ihlawulwa ngokubala ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- erythrocytes;
- leukocytes;
- iisilinda.
Indlela yeNechiporenko iphakanyiswa kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- xa kuhlalutyo oludlulileyo lomchamo lufumene iinqununu zegazi;
- ukuba ugqirha ukwesaba ukuba usulelo olufihlakeleyo lwe-urinary lusebenza emzimbeni wesigulane;
- nesifo sikashukela, i-vasculitis okanye esinye isifo esichaphazela ukusebenza kweentso;
- xa ugqirha efuna ukulandelelanisa ukuguqulwa ngexesha lokunyanga.
Uhlalutyo lomchamo nge-Nechiporenko lunokwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ugqirha wakhe uqoka ukuba umfazi ukhononda ngokutsha, intlungu kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezingenakukhathazeka kwindawo yengqondo. Ukongeza, isampuli yomlambo ingabelwa kubantwana abancinci. Inqunywe xa ingcali inesizathu sokusola ukuphuhliswa kwe-pathology ye-excretory system okanye kwimeko yesifo se-metabolic.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Nechiporenko kunye nokuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwe-urinalysis
Indlela yokuqhuba ezi zilingo zonyango zifana nenye. Uhlalutyo jikelele lusebenzisa i-microscope. Isampuli ye-Nechiporenko yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwekamelo elibala lokubala. Ngeli fowuni, inani lamalungu egazi kwilwelo libalwe. Yintoni eyahlula ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi komchamo ngokwe-Nechiporenko kubonakala kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Le sampuli inikeza impendulo enzulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, uviwo oluqhelekileyo lunikeza kuphela ulwazi olubanzi kwiimeko zempilo yesigulane.
Uhlalutyo lomchamo lubonisa ntoni uNechiporenko?
Uphononongo olunjalo lunceda ukuqonda okokuba uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuhlola aluyi kubonakalisa. Uphi uhlalutyo lukaNechiporenko lubonisa: inani lezinto zegazi kwi-1 ml yomchamo. Ngophando olunjalo, i-liquidation diagnostic iyadlula kwi-centrifuge. Uhlalutyo lomchamo ngo-Nechiporenko - inani lomchamo (umthamo wokufunda) ngu-50 ml. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yamandla e-centrifugal, iifomethe zenziwe kwi-biological fluid. Ithululwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukubala iiseli zegazi kunye neeseli.
Uhlalutyo lomchamo nguDokotela waseNechiporenko ukhetha ngokukrokrelwa kancinci kwimeko yokukhubazeka kwenkqubo. Unceda ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo izifo ezinzulu:
- i-cystitis - ukuvuvukala kwesimo esithathelwanayo, esihamba kunye nokutywa ngexesha lokucoca;
- iziphuzo ezintle kunye ezimbi;
- i-pyelonephritis - ukuvuvukala kwe-pelal pelvic, ehamba kunye nokunyuka kwesondlo, ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-malaise;
- i-glomerulonephritis - inkqubo enzima okanye engapheliyo, ebonakalayo ngokungena kwixinzelelo legazi nokuvuvukala;
- iprotatitis;
- ukuxiliswa komzimba obangelwa utyhefu ngeentlanzi;
- ukuphazamiseka kweentso;
- ubandlululo olubalulekileyo kunye njalo njalo.
Ndingayifumana njani uvavanyo lomchamo ku-Nechiporenko?
Ukuchaneka kokuqokelelwa kwamanzi e-biological kuxhomekeka kwindlela ezithembekileyo ngayo iziphumo. Ngesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba enze inkqubo yokuxilonga, ugqirha uya kuchaza ngokucacileyo isigulane indlela yokupasa ngokufanelekileyo uhlalutyo lukaNechiporenko. Uya kunika iingcebiso kumalungiselelo okuphathwa. Ukongeza, ugqirha uya kucebisa indlela yokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo umbane wamanzi.
Ukuhlaziywa yi-Nechiporenko - ukulungiselela
Ukuze iziphumo zibe zithembeke ngokunokwenzeka, isiguli kufuneka silandele izi ngcebiso:
- Yazisa ugqirha malunga neyeza ezithathwe. Ekubeni ezinye iziyobisi (umzekelo, i-antibiotics kunye ne-diuretics) zichaphazela iziphumo, zinokufuneka zilahlwe kuzo zingakapheli iintsuku ezimbalwa.
- Umfanekiso wamanga unokunikela uxinzelelo kunye nomsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla, ngoko kuyafuneka ukuba isiguli sizikhusele kuzo zonke ezi zinto.
- Ngenye imini ngaphambi kokuqokelela i-biological fluid, kufuneka ukhuphe ukuthatha iimveliso ngeempembelelo zombala. Ezi ziquka ijusi, i-beet kunye ne-rhubarb. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ubale utywala, iipesele, inyama enzima kunye nesoda.
- Ngaphambi kokuba udlulise uhlalutyo lwe-Nechiporenko, kufuneka uhlambe ngokucacileyo izitho zangasese. Ukuba oku kungenziwa, iiseli ezifileyo ziya kungena kwi-biological fluid, ziphazamise iziphumo.
Ukongezelela, uvavanyo lovavanyo lweNechiporenko alubizi abafazi ngexesha lokuya esikhathini. Igazi lingafumana ukusuka kwisisu ukuya kumchamo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlalutya akusayi kuba nethemba. Ukunciphisa olo vavanyo lokuxilonga kwaye udinga iintsuku ezimbini emva kokuphela komjikelezo wesini. Kwindlela yokuzala, igazi lihlala kulo xesha, kwaye ukusuka apho bangangena umchamo, baphambukise iziphumo zokuhlalutya. Ukuba kunjalo ukulindela ukungazeleleki kunye nokupasa okanye ukuqhutyelwa ukuhlolwa kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza, ngaphambi kokuba uqokelele i-liquid biological kuyimfuneko yokusebenzisa i-swab ye-hygienic.
Ngexesha elithile, kuyakufuneka ukuba udlulisele ukuhanjiswa kohlalutyo emva kokucoca. Ngethuba lokuphathwa, izilonda ezincinci zihlala kwi-urethra. Ngenxa yabo, iziphumo zovavanyo ze-Nechiporenko ziza kubonisa ukuxinwa okwandisiweyo kwamaseli obomvu kwi-biological fluid. Ukongezelela, ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba enze isifundo soxilongo kubalulekile ukuba uqinisekise ukuba isigulane asinaso isifo sohudo okanye amakhaza. Ezi ntsholongwane ziya kuphazamisa iziphumo zovavanyo.
Indlela yokuqokelela urinalysis yiNechiporenko?
Isitya esinyumba kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukuqokelela umbane we-biological. Ingathengwa kwiikhemisi ezikufuphi. Isitya esincane seglasi ephethe intamo emininzi, ekufuneka ihlanjwe ngesisombululo sesoda, kwaye emva koko ku-oven microwaves ityunjwe ngemizuzu emi-2-3. Nantsi indlela yokuqokelela ngokufanelekileyo urinalysis nguNechiporenko:
- Kulungile ukuhlamba izitho zangasese ngamanzi. Ukuhlamba xa ucebisa ngaphandle kwesepha.
- Ukuqokelela kwe-urinalysis ngo-Nechiporenko kwenziwa ekuseni, kwisisu esingenalutho.
- Isitya esinezixhobo zamanzi kufuneka sikhishwe ngokukhawuleza ngesiqhekeza ukuze ama-microorganism angaphandle angangeni ngaphakathi.
Ubungakanani umchamo uhlalutya kuNechiporenko?
Izinto eziqokelelweyo zezinto eziphilayo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwibhubhoratri ukuze zihlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Ayikwazi ukugcinwa ixesha elide, kuba kule ndawo ibhaktheriya iya kwandisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Isiphumo sohlalutyo lomchamo lwe-Nechiporenko lwenziwe kwiiyure ezingama-2. Kule meko, izinto eziphilayo akufanele zibonakaliswe kwiqondo eliphantsi okanye eziphezulu okanye zibe kwindawo yelanga ngqo.
Ukuhlaziywa yi-Nechiporenko - ikopi
Kwi sifundo sokuxilonga, kokubili ukuchaneka kokuziphatha kwayo kunye nokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo kubalulekile. Emva kokuba uhlalutyo lomchamo lwe-Nechiporenko lwenziwa, iipameters zifundwa ngokucophelela (ngalinye iqela libalwe). Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ukuba ahlolisise kakuhle kwaye aqalise iinkqubo zokwelapha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukuhlaziywa yi-Nechiporenko kuqhelekileyo
Nangona umntu ophilileyo ngokupheleleyo kwimvelo yamanzi unokuba nombolo ethile yezinto zegazi. Uhlalutyo lwe-Nechiporenko - umgangatho wolu hlobo lulandelayo (kwi-1 ml yezinto zokuhlola):
- i-erythrocytes - ukuya kuma-cell e-1000;
- Izilwanyana - ubuninzi beeyunithi ezingama-20;
- i-leukocytes - ukuya kuma-2000 amaseli;
- iprotheni - akufanele ibe;
- iiseli ze-epithelium - enye into eyenyekayo iyamkeleka.
Ngexesha elifanayo, itheyibhile yokuhlaziya umchamo ye-Nechiporenko ibonisa ukuba kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo izinga liphakamileyo kunezinye izigulane. Kucatshangelwa ukuba kuvunyelwe ukuba inani lama-leukocyte kwi-biological fluid yi-unit units ka-2000-4000. Kwiirhafu ezinjalo ugqirha akayikuyalela nayiphi na unyango, kodwa ngokukhawuleza uyayigcina imeko yowesifazane kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukhetha isifundo sesibini.
Ukuhlaselwa yi-Nechiporenko - leukocytes
Ezi iiseli zithatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni umzimba. Ukunyuka kwabo kubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuvuvukala iyasebenza ngokusemthethweni emzimbeni wesigulane. Ukuba ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngokwe-Nechiporenko kwandise iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, kunokusebenza njengomqondiso weenkqubo ezinjalo zokugula:
- ukuvuvukala kwesisu;
- ubukho beentsimbi zamathambo;
- pyelonephritis;
- trichomoniasis;
- Candidiasis;
- endometritis njalonjalo.
Ukuhlaselwa yi-Nechiporenko - erythrocyte
Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba: zithwala i-oksijini kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo kwiiseli zezicubu kunye namalungu. Inani elongeziweyo lala mazwi libonisa umonakalo ezintsheni okanye ukuba i-membrane ye-mucous ye-urinary canal yonakaliswe. Indlela ye-Nechiporenko - uhlalutyo lomchamo lunokubonisa ukuxinwa kwee- erythrocytes ngaphezu kweqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinokuthi:
- isisu;
- Ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeleko ;
- hydronephrosis ;
- iprotatitis;
- zeentso zamatye .
Kweminye "i-provocators", ngenxa yokuba uhlalutyo lomchamo ngohlobo lwe-Nechiporenko lubonisa ukuxininiswa okwandisiweyo kweeseli zegazi ezibomvu, zibandakanya:
- Ukusetyenziswa kokutya okunzulu okanye okunamafutha kakhulu;
- Umthwalo onamandla;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- ukutshisa.
I-urinalysis yi-Nechiporenko - Cylinders
Le mizimba yamaprotheni. Uhlalutyo lomchamo ngokubhekiselele kuNechiporenko lubonisa izilinda ze-0. Ukuba ubuncinci bezinto ezinjalo zingaphezulu kwe-20 (ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo), oku kubonisa ukukhubazeka okwenzeka emzimbeni:
- ukuhluthwa;
- amyloidosis ;
- xi nzelelo;
- i hepatitis;
- inkqubo yenzekelayo.