Iso lomntu lisebenza njengelensi apho i-lensi iphendula ngokutshintshwa kwemisebe yokukhanya. Ukuqinisekisa imbonakalo eqhelekileyo, kufuneka ivule ngokucacileyo. I-Cataract yeso liyi-clouding ye-lens. Oku kukukhokelela ekudakaleni okukhulu kombono ukugqiba ubumpumputhe.
Iingxaki ze-Cataracts
I-pathology echazwe yichaphazela uninzi lwabemi behlabathi, lichaphazela isithandathu sabantu abemi bomhlaba emva kweminyaka engama-40 kunye ne-75% yabantu abadala, abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80 ubudala. Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kulwimi lwesiGrike, igama lachazwa isifo lifana ne "waterfall spray". Ichaza ngokuchanekileyo iimvakalelo zomntu ophethe i-cataract yelihlo, yintoni le mvakalelo, njengokungathi ukhangele emanzini anomsindo, umfanekiso unobunzima kwaye ungenangqondo, uphazamisekile.
Into ephambili ekuncediseni ukuphuhliswa kwesifo sele iguga. Utshintsho lwamaxesha emzimbeni lukhokelela ekutyaleni kweprotheni, apho i-lens iqule khona. Oku kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwebala kunye nokonakaliswa kwikhono lokukhankanya nokuhambisa ukukhanya. Ukucaciswa kwe-lens yelihlo - kungabangela ukuba kuhlobene nokuguga:
- zendalo;
- izifo kunye nokukhathazeka kwamehlo;
- ukutshaya;
- i radiation;
- ukuzalwa;
- iingxaki ze-endocrine;
- amanye amayeza;
- beriberi.
Cataract - iimpawu
Ubonakaliso obunzulu beklinikhi ye-clouding lens yonakaliso lobukhali kunye nokucaca kombono. Iintambo zezinto ziphazamisekile, izinto zinokuphinda kabini okanye zifubhane phambi kwamehlo. Ezinye iimpawu ze-cataract:
- ukunciphisa okanye ukwanda kweefotoensitivity;
- utshintsho kwimbala yomfundi, ukufumana i-gray, yellow, white;
- ukuwohloka kombono wemibala (ihlabathi liyafa);
- busuku, ubumfama obumnyama;
- ii-halos, i-glare, amabala, izibetho kunye nezinye iziphoso phambi kwamehlo;
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza ngeso lengxaki.
Iimpawu ezinjalo ze-cataract azihlali zenzeke kanyekanye. Ukubonakala kwazo kunye nobunzima behlukahlukileyo kwizigulane ezahlukeneyo ze-ophthalmologist, ebonisa uhlobo lwesifo. Kwezinye iimeko, amehlo aphezulu ahlahlo. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokupakisha okuphambili kwilensi. Ukuba ikwasekuhlaleni, kude nendawo, umbono uhlale uphambili kwaye ucacile, umbala wembono awutshintshi.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-cataracts ezikhoyo?
Ukwahlulelwa kwentsholongwane kuqhutyelwa ngokwemiqathango ye-3-imvelaphi yesi sifo, indawo yoxinzelelo kwi-lens kunye neqondo lokukhula kwayo. Iqela lokuqala liquka ezi zilandelayo:
- ubudala (senile);
- buhlungu;
- ibhokhwe;
- kuzalwa;
- inetyhefu;
- obangelwa zizifo eziqhelekileyo zomzimba;
- kunzima (kunye nokuvuvukala).
Ngokuhambelana nendawo yokupakisha kwelensi yeliso, i-cataracts yahlula iindidi ezilandelayo:
- phambili, polar yangemuva;
- zonal (i-layered);
- efana nesigxina;
- nyukliya;
- subcapsular post;
- i-cortical;
- igqibe (iphelele).
Into yokugqibela ebonakalisa i-cataract yinqanaba lokukhula kwayo:
- kuqala;
- ukukhulelwa;
- khulile;
- phezulu.
Yintoni eyingozi kwi-cataracts?
Inkxalabo eyintloko yesifo esichazwe ngumonakalo omkhulu wemboniso, de ilahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo. Eminye imiphumo ingacaciswa ngokulula, ukwazi indlela i-eye cataract eqhubeka ngayo, yintoni na kwaye ihamba nayo. Le ntsholongwane iqhubela phambili kwaye ibonisa inkqubo engenakuguquka yokufakela i-lens. Ngenxa yenguqu kwisakhiwo seprotheyini ekubunjweni kwayo, amathisto anzima kwaye anzima. I-lensi ayigxininisi kuphela, kodwa iphinda ikhulise ngobukhulu, enobunzima obunjalo:
- uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular ;
- i-glaucoma (okwesibini, i-cataract yiyo i-provoker yesiganeko sayo);
- ukuphulwa kwegazi kwilihlo;
- umthwalo okwandisiweyo kwi-optic nererve nezinye izakhiwo;
- ukuwohloka kombono wendawo;
- bo bumfama.
ICataract - Ukuxilongwa
Le ntsholongwane idideka kalula kunye nezinye izifo zonyango. I-cataract yokuqala kwiimpawu zifana nobude obude okanye i-myopia, engabangela ukuxhalaba okukhulu kubantu. Ophthalmologist owaziyo kuphela onokuyifumanisa isifo. Kule ndlela, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- biomicroscopy kweso;
- ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- uviwo lwe-fundus ;
- uphando lwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular;
- i keratometri;
- uqikelelo lomgca wovelwano lombane;
- gonioscopy;
- uviwo lobuchule beentsimbi ze-optic;
- ngokubambisana ngokucacileyo tomography.
Unyango lwe-cataract ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo yinkqubo engenakuguquka, ehambelana nokutshatyalaliswa kweso sigxina. Indlela yodwa yokujamelana nesi sifo kukuhlinzwa, kodwa abaninzi abantu bazama ukuqhuba unyango olungaselucalulo lwe-cataract. Imizamo enjalo yokwelapha ayiyi kuphumelela, ugqirha uya kusebenza ukuba asebenze, kuphela ekupheleni kwexesha lokugula.
Unyango lwe-cataract ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ngamachiza
Icandelo le-Pharmacological linika izicwangciso ezizodwa zokulwa nesifo. Nawaphi na amahla aphuma kwi-cataract - le yindlela nje yokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kunye nenketho yokukhusela. Akunakunceda ukuphelisa ukukhupha kwe-lens okanye ukuphucula ukucaca kombono. I-Ophthalmologists inika izixazululo ezinjalo ngaphambi kokusebenza, njengendlela yokulungiselela, okanye emva kwayo, njengonyango lokulondoloza ngexesha lokuvuselela. Amaconsi anconywayo:
- Oftan Katachrom;
- Quinax ;
- Vitafakol;
- Catalin;
- Vita-Yodourol;
- Qatarax;
- Senkatalin;
- Ujala;
- Cataxol;
- Hrustalin;
- Reticulin;
- Taufon ;
- Emoxipine.
Ukwelashwa kweCataract kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Elinye ilanga lingenamandla phambi kwezilwanyana, iingcali zikhanyela ngokukhethekileyo ezi zikhetho zonyango. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni zingasebenzi, kuya kunceda ukuba ufunde indlela i-cataract amehlo enyame ngayo, yintoni na. I-opacities ekhoyo kwi-lens ayikwazi ukuhlanjululwa, ilula, okanye ichithwe ngandlela-thile ngayo. Baza kuqhubeka bekhulisa ubungakanani, kwaye basasazeka, batshintsha isakhiwo seeprotheni kwiiscuphe zeso.
Kwimichiza yomntu, unyango lwe-cataract kunye nembewu ye-dill ithandwa. 1 tbsp. isipuni le spice ifakwa kwiikhonkco zelinen ecocekileyo, emva koko ziwela emanzini abilayo imizuzu emi-2. Ukunciphisa okunjalo kufudumele kufakwe amehlo kwimizuzu engama-iri, ukusuka phezulu ukuze uwafake ithawula. Phinda nenkqubo oogqirha abantu balucebisa ekuseni nakusihlwa.
I-Cataract ye-eye operation
Okukuphela kwendlela yokunyanga i-lens enezintlu zokungenelela. Ngoncedo lwawo, luphelile ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na i-cataract, ukusebenza kuqhutyelwa kumanyathelo okuqala okuvuthwa kwawo, kunye nakwizinga elide. Iindlela ezininzi zanamhlanje yi-ultrasonic phacoemulsification. Lo ngumsebenzi wokususa i-cataracts, eyenziwa ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.
Ngethuba le nkqubo, ugqirha wenza i-incision microscopic kwiso, ukusuka kwi-1.8 kuya kwi-2.8 mm. Ikhupha isitshixo sesixhobo, i-phacoemulsifier. Uqhuba ukunyuka kwama-ultrasonic oscillatory of frequency frequency. Oku kukhokelela ekuguquleni kwe-lens mass into emulsion, esuswa kwiso. Kukho ukukhutshwa kwe-cataract kunye nezakhiwo zeprotheni ezonakalisiweyo. Endaweni yobunzima obususwe, i-lens intraocular ifakiwe.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-lens nge-cataract ihlala kwi-45 imizuzu. Umbono ubuyela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa isiguli singabuyela ekhaya. Ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo emva kokuhlinzwa akudingeki. I-Ophthalmologists zincoma kuphela ukukhawulela imithwalo yokubonwa kweentsuku ezingama-7-10. Akukho ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo emva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuthintela ukunyanga
Ubungqineko bokuhlolwa kwezilwanyana ekungenakutshintshwa nokuqhubela phambili. Nangona emva kokufunda ngokupheleleyo isihloko esithi "i-cataract eye" - yintoni na, ukuba isifo eso sibonakalisa njani, nendlela yokunyanga ngayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba bahambelane nemithetho jikelele yokulondolozwa kwempilo ebonwayo. Oku akuqinisekisile ukukhusela okuyimpumelelo, kodwa kunceda ukunciphisa ubungqongqo bemiphumo ebangela ukuchithwa kwelensi yeliso, yintoni enokuyenza ukuze unciphise amathuba okuqhubeka kwesifo:
- Hlangana nokutya okunokulinganisela.
- Musa ukutshaya.
- Khusela amehlo kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet.
- Jonga ukunyamezela okubonakalayo.